The purpose of this study was to see how well newspapers manage to maintain their objectivity and balance when covering a Swedish team’s matches in an European tournament. We did this by doing a qualitative content analysis of the two biggest local newspapers, Sydsvenskan and Skånska Dagbladet, and the two biggest tabloids, Aftonbladet and Expressen – and their coverage of Malmö FF’s participation in the UEFA Champions League 2015. We analyzed all the post-game texts of the six games in the group stage – except for texts based on personal opinions, such as chronicles. The results show that the newspapers lose their objectivity and write more about the Swedish team and the Swedish players than the opponent team and their non-Swedish players. The result also show that the local newspapers put the focus on Malmö FF as a team, while the major tabloids focus on Malmö FF as being a part of Sweden and Swedish football. Last but not least the results also show that the ethnocentric and nationalistic attributes of the journalists play a major role in their writing.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the Swedish sports journalism, tabloids and local newspapers, portrayed the Swedish national football team during the 2018 Russia World Cup and Malmö FF in the 2015/2016 Champions League competition. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sports journalism and nationality. The question formulations to this study were: how does the sports journalism portray the Swedish national team and Malmö FF, and what are the similarities and differences between Aftonbladets and Sydsvenskans portrayal of the teams?   I made a discourse analysis out of twelve chronicles, six from Aftonbladet and six from Sydsvenkan. For each of the three group stage games Sweden played in the World Cup, I analyzed one chronicle from both Aftonbladet and Sydsvenskan. Further, I analyzed one chronicle from Aftonbladet and one from Sydsvenskan for each of the three home games Malmö FF played in the Champions League. It turned out that Aftonbladet portrayed Sweden with a lot of metaphors and wrote about the Swedish national team as if the readers were a part of the team. Aftonbladet had more distance and caution when portraying Malmö FF. With Sydsvenskan it was the contrary. Sydsvenskan portrayed Malmö FF as if they were a part of the team and occasionally seemed to be biased. Sydsvenskan portrayed the Swedish national with more caution, distance and did not portray Sweden with the same empathy as Malmö FF.

Orientador: Vilson Tonin Zachin. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2009.

In Taiwan, more than 25% of all water uses comes from groundwater, and thus groundwater is a very valuable water resource for both domestic and industrial uses. However, groundwater at many existing former industrial sites and disposal areas was contaminated by halogenated organic compounds that were released into the environment. The chlorinated solvent trichloroethene (TCE) is one of the most ubiquitous of these compounds. In this laboratory-scale feasibility study, a hybrid two-stage process combining fiber filtration (FF) and nanofiltration (NF) was applied to remove to suspended solids (SS) and TCE from contaminated groundwater for water purification. In this study, a man-made kaolin solution was used to simulate groundwater purification using FF system. Then, microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and NF systems were applied for TCE removal. The hybrid membrane process using FF and NF units was used to evaluate the feasibility on TCE removal. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) were used to investigate membrane morphology and structure after use. A 3-D excitation emission fluorescence matrix (EEFM) was used to evaluate the potential of membrane organic fouling. Results show that the optimization filtration velocity of FF was 15.3 m/hr, and the observed TCE and SS removal efficiencies were 80% and 60%, respectively. Removal mechanisms for MF and UF were mainly sieving, and the removal mechanism for NF was mainly electrostatic repulsion. Results indicate that NF had the highest TCE removal efficiency (98.2%). When initial TCE concentration was 1 mg/L, NF membrane pore might shrink caused increased TCE removal (rejection). When TCE concentration was higher 1 mg/L, membrane damage and pore enlargement was observed with decreased TCE removal efficiency. The observed SS, sulfate, and hardness removal efficiencies were 99.8%, 98.7%, and 98.7% respectively, when FF and NF hybrid process was used. Higher TCE concentration might enlarge membrane pore, which caused decreased membrane separation and increased flux. Approximately 46% of flux drop was observed when NF was used alone compared to the hybrid membrane process using FF as the first treatment stage. Membrane analyses show that residual TCE was adsorbed on the membrane. Low zeta potential of groundwater was observed due to the compressed electric double layer, which caused aggregation of particle. High zeta potential of permeate was due to the particle dispersive through hybrid process. Results from SEM analysis show that membrane morphology was damaged by TCE, and heavy metal in groundwater deposited on membrane. Results of EEFM analysis indicate that groundwater contained humic acid (HA) and soluble microbial by-product (SMP). HA and SMP might be adsorbed on fiber filter, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that attached on fiber filter might be washed out. The organic powders on the surface of the fiber filter might be washed out causing the increased in NPDOC concentrations. Humic acid could be removed through NF process, and SMP might be adsorbed in membrane pore caused organic fouling, and SMP might be washed out after treatment by the FF+NF hybrid process. Results indicate that FF as pre-treatment can maintain higher flux. Higher TCE concentration caused membrane destruction and decreased membrane separation. TCE contaminated groundwater can be affectively treated by the hybrid membrane system to meet the groundwater standard and reclaimed water standard. Reclaimed water could be used for industrial cooling water and irrigation purposes.

This study aims to gain greater knowledge about the use of framing in local sports journalism. We did this by doing a qualitative content analysis of the local Swedish newspaper Barometern/OT and it’s coverage of the largest local football team, Kalmar FF. We randomly selected six of the team’s games during 2014 and analysed all the texts that had to do with the games, except for shorter texts and texts that are supposed to be based on personal opinions, such as chronicles. The results show that Barometern/OT have a tendency of defending individual players and giving them positive criticism, while they much more often give negative criticism to the team as a whole. Also, we found signs that Barometern/OT contributed to creating a local imagined community by having a incomplete use of names at a few times, amongst other factors. Because of these observations we noticed that the editorial staff both contributed to creating a local imagined community and that they were a part of it themselves.

The atomic resolution structure of a low populated and transiently formed on-pathway folding intermediate of the FF domain from human HYPA/FBP11 has recently been reported[1]. The structure was determined on the basis of backbone chemical shift and bond vector orientation restraints measured on the ‘invisible’ intermediate state using relaxation dispersion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that were subsequently input into the data-base structure determination program CS-Rosetta. This thesis focuses on the cross-validation of the structure so produced. We present here the solution NMR structure of a mimic of the folding intermediate that is highly populated in solution, obtained from the wild-type domain by protein mutagenesis. The ensemble of structures generated of the mimic are within 2Å of the relaxation dispersion/CS-Rosetta structures of the intermediate, with the non-native interactions in the intermediate also observed in the mimic. The results presented in this thesis strongly confirm the structure of the FF domain folding intermediate, in particular, and validate the use of relaxation dispersion derived restraints in structural studies of invisible excited states, in general.

The atomic resolution structure of a low populated and transiently formed on-pathway folding intermediate of the FF domain from human HYPA/FBP11 has recently been reported[1]. The structure was determined on the basis of backbone chemical shift and bond vector orientation restraints measured on the ‘invisible’ intermediate state using relaxation dispersion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that were subsequently input into the data-base structure determination program CS-Rosetta. This thesis focuses on the cross-validation of the structure so produced. We present here the solution NMR structure of a mimic of the folding intermediate that is highly populated in solution, obtained from the wild-type domain by protein mutagenesis. The ensemble of structures generated of the mimic are within 2Å of the relaxation dispersion/CS-Rosetta structures of the intermediate, with the non-native interactions in the intermediate also observed in the mimic. The results presented in this thesis strongly confirm the structure of the FF domain folding intermediate, in particular, and validate the use of relaxation dispersion derived restraints in structural studies of invisible excited states, in general.

Bakgrund: Förmaksflimmer (FF) är vanligt förekommande hos äldre, prevalensen beräknas vara cirka 5 % samtidigt som antalet äldre individer i samhället ökar. Den äldre befolkningen har sämre levnadsvanor än den yngre och drabbas i större utsträckning av sjukdom. De ohälsosamma levnadsvanorna riskbruk av alkohol, tobaksbruk/rökning, otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet och ohälsosamma matvanor kan påverka hälsa och välbefinnande på många olika sätt för individen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka eventuellt samband mellan förmaksflimmer och levnadsvanor hos individer över 60 år i Blekinge. Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie baserad utifrån data från Swedish National study on Aging and Care – Blekinge (SNAC-B). Data har sammanställts deskriptivt, verklig skillnad mellan grupper har undersökts med chi2-test och sedan har Spearmans rangkorrelation används för att undersöka samband. Resultat: Statistisk signifikant skillnad upptäcktes mellan FF och ohälsosamma matvanor, där fanns även en statistiskt signifikant positiv korrelation. Detta innebär att det finns ett samband mellan FF och ohälsosamma matvanor. Riskbruk av alkohol, tobaksbruk/rökning och otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet visade ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad. Slutsats: Samband mellan FF och ohälsosamma matvanor hos den äldre befolkningen i Blekinge finns, vilket kan vara till nytta för sjuksköterskan i den personcentrerade vården. Kunskap gällande FF, levnadsvanor och äldre kan vara ett kunskapsstöd för sjuksköterskan i omvårdnaden av dessa individer.

Les artefacts en céramique ont une longue histoire et ont été récupérés dans presque toutes les régions du monde. La conservation n’est que rarement impactée par le milieu d’enfouissement. Donc, ils sont des matériaux idéaux pour comprendre l'histoire et la culture de homme. Les principales études archéologiques sur les céramiques anciennes concernent la provenance (datation, atelier, commerce), les matières premières (identification, origine), le processus de fabrication et l'utilisation (analyse des résidus de contenu). Mon travail porte plus précisément sur le processus de fabrication. Les principales étapes du processus de fabrication sont: la sélection des matières premières, la préparation, le façonnage, salle de bains, sur deux possibilités. Soit le vase est cuit avant l'étape de décoration, soit la décoration est appliquée sur le vase cru. Pour finir, l'ensemble est cuit. Mon objectif est d'obtenir des informations sur le procédé de fabrication en analysant la structure des céramiques anciennes, et en particulier, la structure des couches décoratives. La structure des céramiques anciennes est une structure complexe en couches avec des hétérogénéités à différentes échelles (mm à nm). Une céramique décorée est généralement composée d'une pâte et d'un revêtement, y compris de la décoration. Le revêtement peut contenir des natures différentes. L'épaisseur peut être variable de mm à nm. La couche décorative peut être une partie ou du tout la revêtement. La couche décorative peut être constitutive d'une phase vitrifiée amorphe et divers cristaux, tels que cristaux colorants, feldspath, quartz, etc., dont la taille varie de plusieurs microns à nanomètre. La description de cette structure nécessite l'analyse à haute résolution (nm) avec grande zone représentative (souvent plusieurs mm3). C’est difficile à réaliser. Dans mon travail, j'ai proposé une autre approche. L'approche est basée sur trois étapes. Premièrement, les analyses rapides (principalement microscopie optique) à faibles résolutions sont effectuées pour analyser et sélectionner la zone nécessitant une analyse à haute résolution. Ensuite, la zone sélectionnée est analysée à haute résolution par des techniques appropriées en tenant compte des informations recherchées. Troisièmement, on essaie de construire la structure de l'objet sur la base des données partielles, et d’en déduire le processus de fabrication. Je vais illustrer cette approche par trois exemples. La première concerne le pigment jaune de la terre sigillée marbrée romaine (chapitre III). Le second concerne le processus de cuisson des poteries attiques (chapitre III). Le troisième concerne les variations de couleur de la décoration bleue des porcelaines Qinghua (chapitre IV). / Ceramic artifacts have a long history and have been discovered worldwide. Their conservations are rarely impacted by the burial sites. Thus, they are ideal materials for understanding the human history and culture. The main archaeological studies concerning ancient ceramics contains provenance (dating, workshop, trade), raw materials (identification, origin), manufacturing process and utilization (analysis of content residues). For my work, I focused on the investigation of the manufacturing process. The main steps of fabrication process of ancient ceramics is composed of selection of raw materials, preparation (leaching, purification, body, glaze or slip, pigments), shaping (the plastic paste is shaped to the lathe or using the molds). Then, there are two possibilities: either the vase is fired before the decoration stage, or the decoration is applied to the raw vase. To finish, the whole is fired. My objective is to obtain information on the manufacturing process by analyzing the structure of ancient ceramics, and in particular the structure of decorative layers. The structure of ancient ceramics is complex with heterogeneities at different scales (mm to nm). A decorated ceramic generally is composed of a body and a coating, which including of the decoration. The coating could contain different natures. The thickness can be variable from mm to nm. The decorative layer can be a part of the coating or the whole coating. The decorative layer can be constituent of an amorphous vitrified phase and diverse crystals, such as colorant crystals, feldspar, quartz, etc., of which the size varies from several microns to nanometer. The description of such structure requires the analysis at high resolution (nm) with large representative zone (often, several mm3). It is difficult to realize. In my work, I proposed an alternative approach. The approach is based on three stages. Firstly, the rapid investigations (principally, optical microscopy) at low resolutions are effected to analyze and select the zone requiring analysis at high resolution. Secondly, the selected zone is analyzed at high resolution by appropriate techniques according to the information sought. Thirdly, I try to construct the structure of the object based on the partially data, and therefore deduce the manufacturing process. I will illustrate this approach through three examples. The first one concerns the yellow pigment of the Roman marbled terra sigillata (Chapter III). The second one is about the firing process of Attic potteries (Chapter III). The third one concerns the color variations of blue decoration of Qinghua porcelains (Chapter IV).

Ce travail de thèse a pour but de comprendre l’impact des propriétés électriques du silicium cristallin sur les performances des cellules solaires Silicium à HétéroJonction (SHJ) et de déterminer des spécifications matériaux nécessaires en termes de durée de vie des porteurs de charge et de résistivité.Dans une première partie de cette thèse, le potentiel du silicium mono-like a été évalué pour la fabrication de cellules solaires SHJ. La forte productivité de cette technique permet de réduire considérablement les coûts de fabrication des plaquettes. Des rendements de conversion de 20% équivalents à ceux des matériaux du marché ont été obtenus ainsi qu’un rendement de 21.6% avec l’utilisation d’un procédé de fabrication de cellules haut rendements. Ces valeurs ont été obtenues pour des durées de vie volumiques moyennes sur les plaquettes supérieures à 1ms. Les principaux limitations de la qualité du matériau mono-like ont été identifiés. D’abord, la présence de zones multicristallines sur certaines plaquettes rend le matériau incomptable avec le procédé SHJ notamment en ce qui concerne les étapes de texturation des surfaces et ensuite l’uniformité en épaisseur des couches déposées. Ce type de défauts fait chuter en premier lieu la Jcc, puis la Vco et le FF et finalement le rendement de conversion. De plus, la présence de contamination et la génération de dislocations aux extrémités du lingot font également chuter la durée de vie volumique et les paramètres photovoltaïques des cellules. Finalement, seulement 30% de la hauteur de lingot a pu être utilisé pour des hauts rendements de conversion.La deuxième partie a été consacrée à l’étude et l’optimisation, avec la technologie SHJ, d’une technique de dopage innovante remplaçant celles utilisant des impuretés dopantes, telle que le phosphore, en générant des donneurs thermiques dans le substrat silicium cristallin. Cette méthode de dopage présente l’avantage d’utiliser l’oxygène naturellement présent dans le silicium en transformant en dopant par des recuits à 450°C. Cette technique est uniquement valable avec une procédé basse température tel que celui utilisé dans ce travail de thèse et permettrait de contrôler les propriétés électriques du silicium sur l’ensemble d’un lingot Cz afin d’augmenter le rendement matière. La compatibilité du silicium cristallin dopé par des DT a été validée pour une gamme de résistivité de 3-10Ω.cm et durées de vie volumique de 3-10ms. La limite d’utilisation des DT pour l’obtention de hauts rendements correspond à une concentration inférieure à 7x1014cm-3 (3Ω.cm, 3ms). La technique de dopage a été transférée avec succès à l’échelle du lingot et a permis d’obtenir de rendement de 20.7% avec un procédé industriel et même de 21.7% avec une métallisation « smart-wire ». Une perte de FF a été observée par rapport aux références, liées à une résistance série élevée dont l’origine n’a pas encore été confirmée mais dont la source la plus probable serait l’inhomogénéité radiale de résistivité générée par le dopage. / This study aims to understand the electrical properties impact of the crystalline Silicon on the HeteroJunction (SHJ) solar cells performances and define the required material specifications in terms of minority carrier lifetime and bulk resistivity.In the first part of this work, the potential of the mono-like silicon was evaluated for SHJ solar cells production The high productivity of the crystallization method allows to significantly reduce the material cost. 20% efficiencies comparable to reference wafers were obtained for industrial process and had reached 21.6% values have been reached with a high efficiency process. Values above 1ms bulk lifetime were mandatory to obtain these results. The main limitations of the material properties were identified. First, the presence of multicrystalline zones on the material is incompatible with the SHJ process especially regarding the texturization step and then layers thickness’ uniformity. This defects drive down, at the first order, the Jsc and then the Voc and FF. Moreover, the metallic contamination and the dislocations generation at the ingots ends induce also a bulk lifetime degradation and PV performances drop. Finally, only 30% of the ingot height was usable to obtain high solar cell efficiencies.In the second part of this work, an innovative doping method, replacing the ones which use doping impurities, such as phosphorus, by generating thermal donors (TD) was studied. The advantages of this doping method are to use the oxygen naturally content in the silicon to generate the doping after 450°C annealing. This method is only possible if low temperature solar cell process is performed such the one used in this work. It could control the electrical properties of the crystalline silicon throughout a complete Cz ingot and increase the material yield. For a resistivity range of 3-10Ω.cm and bulk lifetime between 3 and 10ms, the TD doped material is compatible with SHJ technology. The maximum TD concentration for a SHJ application was estimated to 7x1014cm-3.The doping method was successfully transferred to the ingot scale and allowed reaching 20.7% efficiency with an industrial process and 21.7% with the “smart-wire” improved metallization. A FF loss was observed compared to the references, related to high series resistances. The origin has not been confirmed yet, but the most likely source would be the radial resistivity inhomogeneity generated by doping on silicon bulk.