abstract: This research seeks to better understand the current state of US healthcare FM industry hiring practices from colleges and universities to identify potential employment barriers into healthcare FM and interventions to help overcome them. Two national surveys were distributed to healthcare facility managers and directors to collect quantifiable information on healthcare organizations, hiring practices from FM academic programs, individual demographics, and opinions of FM college graduates. Designated survey respondents were also contacted for phone interviews. Additionally, a Delphi method was used for this research to draw upon the collective knowledge and experience of 13 experts over three iterative rounds of input. Results indicate that the healthcare FM industry is hiring very few college interns and new college graduates for entry-level management jobs. Strong homogeneousness demographics, backgrounds, and paths of entry among existing healthcare FM professionals has created an industry bias against candidates attempting to enter healthcare FM from non-traditional sources. The healthcare FM industry’s principal source for new talent comes from building trade succession within healthcare organizations. However, continuing to rely on building tradespersons as the main path of entry into the healthcare FM industry may prove problematic. Most existing healthcare facility managers and directors will be retiring within 10 years, yet it is taking more than 17 years of full-time work experience to prepare building tradespersons to assume these roles. New college graduates from FM academic programs are a viable recruitment source for new talent into healthcare FM as younger professionals are commonly entering the healthcare FM through the path of higher education. Although few new college graduates enter the healthcare FM industry, they are experiencing similar promotion timeframes compared to other candidate with many years of full-time work experience. Unfamiliarity with FM academic programs, work experience requirements, limited entry-level jobs within small organizations, low pay, and a limited exposure to healthcare industry topics present challenges for new FM college graduates attempting to enter the healthcare FM industry. This study shows that gaps indeed exist in student learning outcomes for a comprehensive healthcare FM education; key technical topics specific to the healthcare industry are not being addressed by organizations accrediting construction and facility management academic programs. A framework is proposed for a comprehensive healthcare FM education including accreditation, regulatory and code compliance, infection control, systems in healthcare facilities, healthcare construction project management and methods, and clinical operations and medical equipment. Interestingly, academics in the field of FM generally disagree with industry professionals that these technical topics are important student learning outcomes. Consequently, FM academics prefer to teach students general FM principles with the expectation that specific technical knowledge will be gained in the workplace after graduation from college. Nevertheless, candidates attempting to enter healthcare FM without industry specific knowledge are disadvantaged due to industry perceptions and expectations. University-industry linkage must be improved to successfully attract students into the field of healthcare FM and establish colleges and universities as a sustainable recruitment source in helping address FM attrition. This paper is valuable in establishing the current state of the US healthcare industry’s hiring practices from FM academic programs and identifying major barriers of entering the healthcare FM industry for new FM college graduates. Findings facilitate development of interventions by healthcare organizations and universities to further open FM academic programs as a sustainable source of new talent to help address healthcare FM attrition, including a healthcare FM education framework to elucidate college student learning outcomes for successful employment in healthcare FM. These student learning outcomes provide a framework for both the healthcare industry and academia in preparing future facility managers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Built Environment 2019

在全球激烈的競爭環境下，基於市場規模以及成本考量，海外市場開發儼 然對台灣企業猶如一條不歸之路。因此，本研究針對跨國公司在做全球投資時， 面對全球環境所必須面臨之不確定的狀況，以及在快速變動的環境下，企業如 何掌握並適應整體兢爭環境，擁有競爭優勢，提出探討，祈能對台灣企業有所 助益和借鏡。 以無塵室工程承攬案為例，應對環境周遭的整體競爭環境做仔細的剖析， 才能針對目標市場展開系列的工程承攬活動，發現並把握工程承攬的機會，且 可以避開各種工程承攬的風險與威脅。 另外，卓越的企業應該要調整競爭策略，提昇競爭優勢，不要盲且追求市 場佔有率而更要重視的是如何提供顧客最大的價值。企業最大的挑戰除了是要 創造滿意的顧客，更大的挑戰是要企業所做的每一個決策，所花的每一分錢， 都應該是如何增加忠誠的顧客、並設法留住忠誠的顧客、提高顧客的終身價值， 以及爭取新顧客上門。 除此之外，有效的經營管理、組織學習與策略績效評估，勢將成為企業未 來延續與發展的重心。 關鍵字：Cleanroom 廠務工程 競爭優勢 競爭策略 CAPEX / Under intense global competition environment, and due to cost concerns and global market environment, developing business in global markets is becoming a none return way and surviving strategy of Taiwanese Enterprises. Therefore, this research focuses on an international company involved in global investment while facing uncertain environment, and how the company can quickly adapt to the fast pace of the world market and remaining a competitive edge and advantage. Through this research, I hope to assist companies in Taiwan with some useful advice and reference experience. Taking a clean rooms project as an example we shall analyze carefully the surrounding competitive environment. This helps with any future development of project bidding, and will decrease the risk and threats during various kinds of project bidding. Besides that an elite enterprises should adjust their business strategies to increase their competitiveness so they won’t just blindly follow the market trend, but to provide their customers with the biggest returns. The biggest challenge that enterprises face isn’t just customer satisfaction because every enterprise is capable of making a customer happy. Each decision a company made as well as each dollar that a company spends, should be on how to create a loyal consumer, so that the consumer will keep coming back to increase the final value of each consumer and to attract new consumers. Nevertheless, having efficient business management, knowledge organization and effective strategic evaluation will become the center focus for future developments of all enterprises. Key Words: Clearroom Facility-Engineering Competitive Strategy Competitive-Advantage CAPEX