As more women work on hire positions, they start realizing the impact of maternity to their career (Höhne, 2010). To satisfy their needs high supply of pre-school education and its variability and flexibility is needed. Act no. 247/2014 Coll. is trying to react to the situation of inadequate supply. The main aim of this work is to compare situation before and after this law and its consequences as far we can evaluate now. Using primary and secondary data thesis will state if there is scale of those services wide enough and if there is additional need to create more places for pre-school education and if there are changes in supply caused by the law. Conclusion is, that creation of childrens group, which were created because of this law, didnt have such a big impact on supply of pre-school education. Moreover, many of them exists only because of funding from EU.

This paper examines fertility and family policies in 15 Central and East European (CEE) countries to establish firstly, likely directions of cohort fertility trends for the coming decade; and secondly, to provide an overview and analysis of family policies in CEE countries, and to assess their impact on cohort fertility trends. Demographic analysis suggests that the cohort fertility decline of the 1960s cohorts is likely to continue at least among the 1970s birth cohorts; stagnation cannot be ruled out. Births that were postponed by women born in the 1970s were not being replaced in sufficient numbers for cohort fertility to increase in the foreseeable future, and shares of low parity women (childless and one child) were larger than shares of high parity women among the late 1960s cohorts than in older cohorts. Also, childbearing postponement which started in the 1990s is reflected in dramatic changes of childbearing age patterns. As period fertility rates have been increasing in the late 2000s throughout the region an impression of a fertility recovery has been created, however the findings of this project indicate that no such widespread childbearing recovery is underway. For the first time ever an overview and analysis of CEE family policies is conceptualized in this paper. It demonstrates that fertility trends and family policies are a matter of serious concern throughout the region. The following family policy types have been identified: comprehensive family policy model; pro-natalist policies model; temporary male bread-winner model; and conventional family policies model. The majority of family policies in CEE countries suffer from a variety of shortcomings that impede them from generating enhanced family welfare and from providing conditions for cohort fertility to increase. The likely further decline of cohort fertility, or its stagnation, may entail long-term demographic as well as other societal consequences, such as continuous declines in total population numbers, changes in age structures, as well as implications for health and social security costs.

Reconciling work and family life has been the topic of intense discussion in Europe over the past decade, in large part because the continent's declining and aging population makes it necessary to attract the widest possible range of European society into the labor force. One of the available segments comprises mothers and fathers with very young children. This thesis analyzes the formulation of family policy in the Czech Republic and its support in the aarea of reconciling family and professional life. The analysis herein is based on a comparison of international practices. The goal of this work is to evaluate the formulation of the relevant instruments of family policy that are intended to help people successfully balance family and work.

This thesis investigates the direct and indirect financial support for families in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Poland and Slovak. The first part focuses on the definition of social policy and its main principles, as well as dealing with family politics, history and development of the family and characterizes the welfare state models and types of family policy. The various types of direct and indirect financial support, amounts and conditions of entitlement in selected states are described in the second part. The third part deals with the comparison of selected family benefits and tax credits, especially in terms of the amount and terms of the entitlement. Finally focuses on the analysis and a summary of the findings.

The goal of this thesis is to compare family policy approach of selected EU member states which are the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden and the Czech Republic. In the first part I put family policy in historical context and define tools by which can be family policy provided. Than I analyse subelements of social systems, tax benefit tools and providing child-care institutions. I compare who is eligible for support, how long can draw support and how high is the support relative to average wage in that state. As long as parent is taking care of child, state is loosing money from income tax and social security contributions. At the end I summarise family policy of all selected states and make some reccomendation for the Czech Republic.

The thesis deals with development and changes in family behavior in the Czech Republic and selected European countries. First, the thesis explains the concepts of population and family policy. There are big differences how the definitions are viewed in case of these concepts and the relationship of population policy and family policy. Some authors consider population and family policy as identical, other authors strictly separate those two. Another part describes the changes in family behavior in the Czech Republic after 1989. The key part of this thesis is contained in the third chapter. It deals with development and description of the first selected demographic indicators characterizing the family behavior, then the indicators describing the family behavior based on LFS and SILC data. All indicators are monitored in 21 European countries including the Czech Republic. Based on the data received I created cluster analysis for each group of indicators(i.e. for Demographic indicators describing the family behavior and for indicators describing the family behavior based on LFS and SILC data).

The main goal of this diploma thesis is the explanation of process of creation a new Conception of Family Policy in perspective of Institutional Analysis and Development Framework by Elinor Ostrom. In particular, data from seven expert interviews, minutes from meetings of the Family Policy Expert Committee and other documents of a legislative and non-legislative nature are used to meet the objectives and answer the research questions. The core of this thesis is the analysis of four action situations and relevant rules-in-use in the process of creation the Conception, namely: creation of the Conception of Family Policy, internal commentary procedure, inter-ministerial commentary procedure and settlement of inter-ministerial commentary procedure. As a key actor, which is permeated by almost every action situation, there is a Family Policy and Aging Policy Department. The Conception was also created in cooperation with Family Policy Expert Committee, which is composed of experts from relevant areas. The paper also briefly summarizes the content and structure of the proposed Conception, taking into account the most important measures. The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework was applied of family policy and provided an appropriate guideline for explaining the creation of a new Conception of...

This bachelor's thesis examines the ideological position of the Swedish Moderate party. The evaluation of the moderate ideology is done between the years 2009-2022. This is done to understand the ideological position of today but also to present a modern contribution to a field that tends to focus on more historical periods. Furthermore, the ideological evaluation focuses on family policy, as ideological changes should be visible in areas that are not the most relevant for political parties. To determine ideological position this paper uses ideal types of conservatism and liberalism and examines the material concerning these. The conclusion is that the Swedish moderate party has taken some twists and turns in relation to the ideologies presented but that the moderate party of today is liberal.

Family policy focussed on pre-school children care in Czechia, France and Sweden Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with family policies in selected European countries, more specifically in Czechia, France and Sweden. In the thesis, there is a mapping of family policies development in individual countries, as well as differences in partial precautions, family allowances and pre-primary equipment in childcare. The objective of the thesis will be to find out how much the selected countries are similar or on the contrary, different within family policies, whether they involve father in childcare, what the differences in fertility development are and whether fertility in individual countries has influenced emergence of some precautions. Among other things, the thesis also talks about harmonization of work and family life. In the analytical part of the work, there are value attitudes and respondents' opinions compared and analyzed, based on the answers of individual examined countries. Questions for this part were chosen based on the Generations and Gender Survey. Keywords: family policy, fertility, precautions, Czechia, France, Sweden

Worldwide, changes in the family have become more evident. Many of the traditional roles that families used to play are now performed by other institutions, such as schools, churches, a variety of welfare agencies and non-governmental organizations. Families in South Africa are no exception, as many South African families are faced with challenges that have a negative impact on their ability to sustain themselves and their members. The previous Minister of Social Development, Doctor Zola Skweyiya, rightly acknowledged that, in order to address the needs of vulnerable groups in our communities effectively, we need a particular focus on the role of the family, both as a developmental and as a supporting institution. In responding to these challenges, the Department of Social Development developed a new Manual on Family Preservation Services (Department of Social Development, 2008b), with the aim of training social service professionals to deliver family preservation services. In order for the programme envisaged by the developers of the Manual to be implemented efficiently, the Norms and Standards Policy on Developmental Social Welfare Services (Department of Social Development, 2007a:52-57) mandates the roll-out of the training and education by all provinces. Thus all social service professionals are mandated to implement family preservation services as stipulated by the Norms and Standards Policy on Developmental Social Welfare Services (Department of Social Development, 2007a) and the Draft National Family Policy (Department of Social Development, 2008a). In her role as one of the trainers on family preservation services who was also responsible for monitoring and evaluating these services in the provinces, the researcher observed the inadequacy and inconsistency of the concept of family preservation services in reporting among social service professionals despite the training and capacity-building carried out by the Department of Social Development. The researcher therefore investigated, first, whether the formulation of the Manual on Family Preservation Services lacks clarity relating to the theoretical framework and operational definition of key concepts which are supposed to assist social service professionals in rendering effective family preservation services. Second, she interviewed 20 social workers regarding their experiences on the formulation and implementation of the Manual. This is a small sample in terms of representing social workers in the country. In total, 37 social workers were originally interviewed, but, because it transpired that they had never attended any training on the Manual for Family Preservation Services, their data were excluded from the empirical study, even though they are implementing these services. The researcher was therefore interested in analysing the formulation of the Manual on Family Preservation Services and also analysed the experiences of social workers regarding the formulation and implementation of the Manual, with the aim of identifying gaps and improving service delivery to families. The researcher reviewed prior literature on systems theory, which is fundamental in addressing family dynamics, the family life cycle and its stages. She also considered literature on family preservation services on four levels of service delivery, the stages of the policy cycle and the overview of the Draft National Family Policy, as well as the Manual of Family Preservation Services. In this study, the researcher adopted an explanatory design, which is a form of mixed methods research. The overall purpose of an explanatory design is to gather qualitative data that help to explain or build upon initial quantitative results from the first phase of the study. In order to collect quantitative data, the researcher used a checklist for a content analysis of the formulation of the Manual on Family Preservation Services. She then conducted semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data about social workers’ experiences regarding the formulation and implementation of the Manual on Family Preservation Services in eight provinces. The researcher did a pilot test of the semi-structured interview schedule, which helped her to refine two questions that were understood differently by the two social workers who participated in the pilot test. After latent coding, the quantitative data were analysed manually, while the qualitative data were coded according to Creswell’s model for qualitative data analysis. The quantitative empirical results revealed some limitations in the formulation of the Manual on Family Preservation Services. Such limitations include an unclear definition of the concept of family preservation services, the omission of objectives from the Manual, confusion with regard to the theoretical frameworks applied, a lack of clarity on the role of volunteers, the process of providing training and capacity-building to social service professionals, monitoring and evaluation plan. These findings were confirmed by the social workers who were interviewed. They exposed the confusion that exists on the definition of family preservation services, the objectives, the theoretical frameworks, the role of volunteers, high case-loads, which they linked to a shortage of social workers and the fact that resources, training and capacity-building on family preservation services are not prioritized. It was therefore recommended that the issues highlighted above be addressed and be included in a revised Manual, and that relevant material also be provided to social service professionals who need to implement family preservation services. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / tm2015 / Social Work and Criminology / DPhil / Unrestricted