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O vampiro é o leitor: o processo de vampirização do leitor na literatura fantástica / The vampire is the reader: the proces of vampirization of the reader in fantastic literatureJuliana Silva Ramos 17 April 2013 (has links)
Parte-se da perspectiva do fantástico como um entrelugar espaço plural e fragmentado, marcado por descentramento e heterogeneidade, capaz de comportar até o contraditório percebido como um ambiente caracterizado por uma inerente duplicidade. Entendido isso, observa-se que esse caráter dual intensifica-se nas narrativas vampirescas, na medida em que ele é estendido ao vampiro e refletido no leitor. Por conseguinte, identificam-se e analisam-se os aspectos distintivos do leitor desse tipo de narrativa, reconhecendo-se seu papel na construção do gênero e na manutenção do caráter aberto da obra, como em uma coautoria cuja marca registrada é a hesitação. Entretanto, da relação entre vampiro e leitor, evidencia-se mais que isso, afinal a narrativa fantástica de modo geral e não apenas a de vertente vampiresca sempre aponta para o leitor como sendo este o fio solto que não permite que a obra feche-se. Percebe-se ainda, por meio da descrição e análise de diferentes tipos de manifestação do vampiro na literatura, um processo de reconfiguração da relação existente entre vampiro e leitor, e entre este e a narrativa fantástica, bem como com a literatura de forma geral. Assim, considera-se a relação do leitor com o vampiro clássico um tipo assustador , marcada pela desidentificação; com o moderno um tipo sedutor, e humanizado na figura de Louis, personagem de Anne Rice , marcada pela identificação; e com o contemporâneo um tipo sedutor e humano , marcada pela apropriação de identidade. Neste último movimento, entendido como a vampirização do leitor, intenta-se provar que este, depois de transformado, reconhecendo-se como tal em seu duplo (o vampiro), nutre-se da força vital deste seu duplo e da narrativa fantástica e retém a aparência de hesitação, a qual é a força motriz do gênero em questão. O leitor torna-se o personagem mais atuante sobre a/na narrativa, operando no campo da realidade e também no da ficção. A compreensão desse processo que vai da desidentificação à apropriação de identidade é aprofundada na análise destas três narrativas vampirescas marcantes ao pensamento desenvolvido neste estudo: Drácula, de Bram Stoker; Entrevista com o vampiro, de Anne Rice; e A confissão, de Flávio Carneiro / This study starts from the perspective of the fantastic as a space in-between a plural and fragmented space, which is characterized by decentralization and heterogeneity, able to hold even the contradictory perceived as an environment characterized by an inherent duplicity. Knowing this, we may observe that this dual character is intensified in the vampire narratives, insofar as it is extended to vampire and reflected in the reader. Hence, the readers distinctive aspects of this type of narrative are identified and analyzed, recognizing their role in the gender construction and in the maintenance of the open nature of the work, such as a co-authorship in which the registered mark is the hesitation. Nonetheless, more than this can be evidenced from the relation between reader and vampire, after all, generally speaking, the fantastic narrative not only the vampire type always points to the reader as a loose thread that does not allow that the work come to a close. We can also observe, through the description and analysis of different kinds of manifestation of the vampire in literature, a process of reconfiguration of the relation between vampire and reader, and between the latter and the fantastic narrative, as well with the literature as a whole. Thus, its considered the relation of the reader with the classic vampire a scary type , that is marked by disidentification; with the modern vampire a seductive type, and humanized in the figure of Louis, Anne Rices character marked by identification; and with the contemporary a human and seductive type marked by the appropriation of identity. In this last movement, which is understood as the vampirization of the reader, the aim is to prove that, after he is transformed, recognizing himself as such in his double (the vampire), he nurtures himself on the vital force of this double and on the fantastic narrative, and retains the appearance of hesitation, which is the driving force of the genre in question. The reader becomes the character more active in the narrative, operating in the realm of reality, and also in fiction. The understanding of this process from disidentification to the appropriation of identity is probed by the analysis of these three vampire narratives, that are outstanding to the thought developed in this study: Bram Stokers Dracula, Anne Rices Interview with the Vampire, and Flávio Carneiros A Confissão
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Les nouvelles de Richard Matheson (1950-1971) : un imaginaire américain entre science-fiction et fantastique / Richard Matheson's short stories (1950-1971) : an American imagination between science fiction and the fantasticEngélibert, Gwenthalyn 14 June 2018 (has links)
Entre 1950 et 1971, Matheson publie 89 nouvelles dont plusieurs ont constitué des jalons de la culture populaire, par exemple «Born of Man and Woman», «Nightmare at 20,000 Feet», «Steel» ou encore «Duel».Très versatile, il s'imprègne des attentes des magazines de science-fiction et de fantastique américains qui sont en plein bouleversement dans les années 1950. Cette thèse se propose d'étudier les caractéristiques génériques des nouvelles, qui se comprennent également au prisme de la société américaine d'après-guerre : traumatisme de l'utilisation de la bombe sur Hiroshima et Nagasaki, peurs liées à la menace nucléaire, rhétorique paranoïaque du Maccarthysme, développement des banlieues et de leur espace conformiste et attentes de la société vis-à-vis des hommes blancs de la classe moyenne. Les structures et thématiques de la littérature de l'imaginaire, l'aliénation, l'altérité (les monstres, les extraterrestres, les robots), la mécanisation et la robotisation du travail, les objets hantés, la possession, permettent de mettre en évidence les tendances de l'imaginaire mathesonien. Écrivain de la solitude, Matheson excelle à faire partager le point de vue du paranoïaque, du monstre, du robot, et plus largement du marginal qui ne parvient pas à donner un sens au monde qui l'entoure, et dont les interrogations ontologiques et métaphysiques représentent autant de mise-enabyme de récits de création du monde. Le solitaire trouve son paroxysme dans la figure du survivant, qui devient le paradigme de l'imaginaire de Matheson. / Between 1950 and 1971, Matheson published 89 short stories, among which several proved essential in popular culture, such as "Born of Man and Woman", "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet", "Steel", or "Duel". As a very versatile author, Matheson was also a pragmatic and he understood what the science fiction and fantasy magazines expected, especially in the 1950s when such magazines were undergoing deep changes. This study is an attempt to analyze the generic characteristics of Matheson's short fiction, also to be understood from a cultural point of view and through the main features of American society after the second world war: traumas after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, fears of nuclear annihilation, paranoid style in politics and Maccarthyism, development of the suburbs and conformism, as well as social expectations for middleclass white males.Structures such as alienation, alterity (monsters, aliens, robots), mechanization of work, haunted objects, possession, that all highlight Matheson's recurrent themes.Matheson specialized in the writing of loneliness, excelling in making the reader share the character's point of view, that of the paranoid, the monster, the robot or more generally speaking, of the marginal who cannot make sense of their environment. Their metaphysical and ontological questioning create mise-en-abyme of narratives of world building and creation. The solitary character culminate into the character of the survivor, paradigmatic of Matheson's fiction.
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O mito e o maravilhoso na literatura infantil de Alina PaimSantos, Aline Suelen 02 May 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study proposes a mythical-symbolic reading on three children narratives O lenço encantado (1962), A casa da coruja verde (1962) e Luzbela vestida de cigana (1963), by Alina Paim, based on myth and fantastic present in children‟s books. To do so, it is grounded in literary criticism toward the children‟s and youth‟s literature held by Regina Zilberman (2005) and Tzvetan Todorov (2010), in order to show the importance of this type of literature on ethical education of the child, as well as the anthropology of the imaginary defended by Gilbert Durand (1989) and the myth criticism of Elieser Mielietinski (2002), aiming at emphasizing the presence of some archetypal images in the process of the child´s imagination created by the author, considering the account of myths and symbols that are taken during the human being´s quest for identity and Knowledge. / Este estudo faz uma leitura mítico-simbólica das narrativas infantis O lenço encantado (1962), A casa da coruja verde (1962) e Luzbela vestida de cigana (1963), de Alina Paim, a partir do mito e do maravilhoso. Para tanto, está embasado na crítica literária voltada para a literatura infanto-juvenil defendida por Regina Zilberman (2005) e Tzvetan Todorov (2010), a fim de mostrar a importância desse tipo de literatura na formação ética da criança, bem como pela antropologia do imaginário de Gilbert Durand (1989) e pela mitocrítica de Elieser Mielietinski (2002), visando a ressaltar as imagens arquetípicas que compõem o imaginário infantil criado pela autora, considerando a importância do mito e dos símbolos que configuram a incansável busca do Ser humano por conhecer a si mesmo. A pesquisa mostra que as narrativas corpus estão envolvidas pelo fio do maravilhoso, responsável por revelar aos personagens a importância do mundo dos sonhos e do faz-de-conta‟ no processo de busca de identidade e construção do Saber.
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A trilogia morrisoniana: metaficção historiográfica e realismo fantástico à luz de uma perspectiva feminina / The morrisonian trilogy: historiographical metafiction and fantastic realism in the light of a feminin perspectiveMunhoz, Liliane de Paula 22 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / The purpose of this research is to present a critical reading of the novels Beloved, Jazz and Paradise, by the North-American author Toni Morrison, to show the form through which, in this trilogy, the representation of the sufferings of the Afro-American people and the history of their endurance move between Historiographical Metafiction and the Fantastic Realism.
In these novels, the female voice focuses attention on the experience of women who lived (and under a certain point of view still live) in the shadow of past slavery. Between racism and sexism, the protagonists of the novels are, to use an expression from Morrison’s last novel of the trilogy, “Black Eves”, in an unusual but paradoxically mundane context. The period covered by the stories in these books is that of the Post-Emancipation of the slaves in the 1870s, and the social movements for black people’s civil rights, in the 1920s and in the 1970s, respectively, when the United States of America lived the Reconstruction Era, the great migrations of former slaves from the South to the North, the conquest of the Civil Rights, and the second wave of feminism. In all these periods, although free, the African-American people continued living under big and real social, economic and civil rights inequalities.
The theoretical assumptions, which are the framework of this study, are the theory on the post-modern novel by Linda Hutcheon; the notion of truth as a linguistic construct, by Hayden White; the fantastic realism, by Tzvetan Todorov, Irène Bessière, David Roas and Pampa Arán; the theory of irony, according to Linda Hutcheon; and, on what concerns feminism, we refer to the studies of bell hooks (2015) and Deborah Gray White (1999). / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo uma leitura crítica dos romances Amada, Jazz e Paraíso, da autora norte-americana Toni Morrison, para mostrar a forma como nesta trilogia a representação da realidade absurda do sofrimento do povo negro norte-americano e a história de sua resistência transitam entre a metaficção historiográfica e o realismo fantástico.
Nesses romances, a voz feminina centra atenção nas experiências de mulheres que viveram (e de certa forma ainda vivem) à sombra de um passado de escravidão. Entre o racismo e o sexismo, as protagonistas dos romances são, para se usar uma expressão do último romance da trilogia, “Evas negras”, em contextos paradoxal-mente insólitos e banais. O recorte temporal é o Pós-Emancipação dos escravos nos anos de 1870 e os movimentos sociais pelos direitos dos negros, em 1920 e em 1970, quando os Estados Unidos da América viviam, respectivamente, a Recons-trução, as grandes migrações dos ex-escravos do Sul para o Norte, a conquista de Direitos Civis e a segunda onda do feminismo. Em todos esses períodos, mesmo livres, os afro-americanos continuaram vivendo grandes desigualdades sociais, econômicas e de direitos civis reais.
Os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentam nossa análise consistem nos estudos sobre o romance pós-moderno de Linda Hutcheon; a noção de verdade como cons-truto linguístico de Hayden White; o realismo fantástico de Tzvetan Todorov, Irène Bessière, David Roas e Pampa Arán; a teoria da ironia, segundo Linda Hutcheon; e sobre o feminismo nos reportamos às reflexões de bell hooks (2015) e Deborah Gray White (1999).
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Novo estranhamento e consciência política: gêneros literários em Perdido Street Station, de China Miéville / New weird and political consciousness: literary genres in China Miévilles Perdido Street StationGeorge Augusto do Amaral 27 September 2017 (has links)
O objetivo desta dissertação é a interpretação do romance Perdido Street Station (2000), de China Miéville, sob a perspectiva da teoria literária e da crítica materialista. Considerada inovadora por retratar contradições sociais, políticas e econômicas da realidade pela via do fantástico e, ao mesmo tempo, mesclar convenções e temas derivados de Ficção Científica, Fantasia e Horror, a obra tornou-se a referência principal para o surgimento de um novo subgênero literário, o New Weird. Com o intuito de aprofundar essa definição e compreender os mecanismos e estruturas formais presentes no romance, abordamos em detalhe as discussões de autores e críticos a respeito do New Weird. A partir desse levantamento, foi possível identificar as estratégias de articulação entre os gêneros da literatura fantástica presentes no romance e verificar que ele também apresenta proximidade em relação às estruturas do Romance de Formação Bildungsroman e do romance de Distopia Crítica. Argumentamos que é principalmente por meio dos recursos desses dois gêneros que se desenvolve no romance o conteúdo de crítica social e reflexão acerca da realidade material, discutindo temas como alienação, fragmentação e mecanização do indivíduo sob a vigência do modo de produção capitalista; fetichismo da mercadoria e consumismo; políticas de identidade raciais e étnicas; assim como cultura e hibridismo na pós-modernidade. Concluímos que o romance efetivamente inova na maneira com que articula os gêneros e propicia a reflexão a respeito da realidade contemporânea, utilizando as diversas categorias de estranhamento propiciadas pela literatura fantástica. / The purpose of the present dissertation is to make a reading of China Miévilles novel Perdido Street Station (2000), from the perspective of literary theory and materialist criticism. Considered a pioneer in the way it uses the fantastic to portray the social, political and economic contradictions of reality and at the same time mixing conventions and themes derived from Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror, the novel turned out to be the main reference for the emergence of a new literary subgenre, the New Weird. In order to make a profound study of this definition and understand the formal devices and structures present in the novel, we approached in detail the discussions of authors and critics regarding the New Weird. Based on that it was possible to identify the strategies for the articulation of the genres of fantastic literature present in the novel and to verify that it has close affiliation with the structure of the Formation Novel - Bildungsroman - and also to the Critical Dystopia novel. We argued that it is mainly based on the resources provided by these two genres that the novel develops the content of social criticism and meditation on material reality, discussing subjects such as alienation, fragmentation and mechanization of the individual under the scope of the capitalist mode of production; commodity fetishism and consumerism; racial and ethnic identity politics; as well as culture and hybridism in postmodernity. We concluded that the novel effectively innovates both in the way it articulates the genres and how it enables meditations on contemporary reality, making use of the different categories of estrangement provided by the fantastic literature.
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Um mundo perturbador e violento: uma leitura dos contos de Samanta Schweblin / A disturbing and violent world: a reading of Samanta Schweblin\'s short storiesLia Cristina Ceron 22 March 2018 (has links)
Os contos da escritora argentina Samanta Schweblin são peculiares. A partir da atmosfera densa de suas narrativas, podemos ver de outra forma a nossa relação com o mundo e entre (e como) sujeitos. Este trabalho visa, com a análise de contos selecionados dos livros El núcleo del disturbio (2002) e Pájaros en la boca (2009), indagar sobre como o modo de representação proposto pela autora explora o cotidiano e as relações sociais, muitas vezes marcadas por diferentes manifestações de violência, suscitando um efeito perturbador para o leitor ao problematizar o real. Para isso, interessa-nos analisar como a obra da autora dialoga com dois universos importantes da tradição literária hispano - americana em geral, e argentina em particular, ao retomar o gênero conto e aspectos da literatura fantástica e do insólito. Além disso, essa proposta de leitura volta-se ao uso de uma representação que preza pela verossimilhança, aspecto essencial à narrativa fantástica, uma vez que o leitor reconheceria a realidade representada nos relatos, ao mesmo tempo que percebe que há algo inusitado (mas não necessariamente irreal ou sobrenatural) ocorrendo nas situações limítrofes construídas pela autora. / Argentine writer Samanta Schweblin´s short stories are peculiar. From the dense atmosphere of her narratives, we can see in another way our relationship with the world and with others. This paper aims to investigate how the representation mode proposed by the author explores the daily life and the social relations, often marked by differe nt manifestations of violence, provoking a disturbing effect for the reader while turning the real into a problematic matter. For that, we are interested in analyzing how the author\'s work interacts with two important universes of the Hispano-American literary tradition in general, and in Argentine in particular, by returning to the short histories as a literary gender and working with aspects of fantastic literature and the fictional uncommon. In addition, this reading turns to the use of a representation that values verisimilitude, an essential aspect of the fantastic narrative, since the reader would recognize the reality represented in the narratives, while realizing that there is something unusual (but not necessarily unreal or supernatural) occurring in the borderline situations constructed by the author.
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Fabulação e metamorfose nos contos de Murilo RubiãoOliveira, Cinthia Lopes de 17 December 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Este estudo apresenta a metamorfose como elemento temático e metalinguístico
nos contos de Murilo Rubião. Tem por finalidade abordar a representação da
fragmentação da personalidade do indivíduo moderno nos contos: O ex-mágico da
Taberna Minhota, O pirotécnico Zacarias, Os dragões, Teleco, o coelhinho e
Alfredo cujas temáticas abordam a fabulação da metamorfose. Esses contos
revelam, ainda, características internas da obra do escritor como a reescrita dos
contos, a intertextualidade epigráfica e a escrita cíclica. Sob o véu da fantasticidade,
os contos revelam reflexões existenciais com as quais os leitores podem se
identificar. Por meio da indiferença e da estagnação de algumas personagens dos
contos, revela-se o inconformismo dos indivíduos e a dificuldade dos
relacionamentos sociais. Por fim, conclui-se que o Fantástico é um véu da literatura
que pode permitir um posicionamento crítico diante dos acontecimentos. A fabulação
natural do ser humano lhe dá capacidade, portanto, de construir realidades
alternativas que espelhem novas significações para as relações entre o indivíduo e a
sociedade. / This study presents metamorphosis as a thematic and metalinguistic element in the
short stories of Murilo Rubião. It aims to demonstrate the fragmentation of personality
of the modern man in the short stories: O ex-mágico da Taberna Minhota, O
pirotécnico Zacarias, Os dragões, Teleco, o coelhinho e Alfredo whose themes
manifest the fable of metamorphosis. These tales also reveal internal features of the
work of the writer such as the rewriting of the tales, epigraphic intertextuality and
cyclical writing. Under the veil of the fantastic, the short stories reveal existential
reflections with which readers can identify. Through the indifference and stagnation
of some characters of the tales, they reveal the reluctance of individuals and the
difficulty of social relationships. Finally, it is concluded that the Fantastic is a type of
literature that can allow for a critical stance towards events. The natural fabulation of
human beings offers the ability, therefore, to build alternate realities that reflect new
meanings in the relationship between man and society.
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Deux modèles romanesques similaires : Le rêve dans le pavillon rouge de Cao Xueqin, A la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. [Narration, système des personnages, temporalité] / Two similar fictive models : Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin, Remembrance of Things Past by Marcel Proust. [Narration, System of Characters, Temporality]Chen, Yi-An 26 November 2010 (has links)
En examinant les points communs par les outils structuraliste, stylistique, sémiotique et thématique, la présente étude a pour but de trouver les points communs entre les deux modèles romanesques chinois et français : Le Rêve dans le pavillon rouge de Cao Xueqin et A La Recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. La narration, le système des personnages et la temporalité sont similaires dans ces deux œuvres. Dans la Première Partie, nous allons montrer que ces deux œuvres adoptent, en effet, une forme circulaire, se refermant sur elle-même, analogique à la forme de la métaphore mais qui s’étend jusqu’à tout le texte, que nous appelons « la métaphorisation ». La métaphorisation, sur ces trois aspects, est le point de départ d’une nouvelle esthétique, propre, mais commune, à ces deux œuvres. Dans la Deuxième Partie, nous allons montrer que la formation d’un monde romanesque auto-référentiel dans l’intérieur des deux œuvres est rendu possible grâce à la métaphorisation, et les trois catégories des signes romanesques - le Signifiant, le Signifié et le Référent – ont la possibilité de puiser leur source uniquement à l’intérieur du roman. Nous allons également montrer le fantastique de la narration des deux œuvres, sous l’apparence réaliste des deux récits de « Marcel » et de « Jia Jade magique ». La création de nouvelles perspectives esthétiques, l’interrogation sur l’essentiel de la littérature, par la découverte de la forme métaphorisée de ces deux œuvres, constituent une partie importante de la présente thèse. En mettant en convergence ces deux œuvres par leur similarité, nous souhaitons apporter des découvertes intéressantes d’un point de vue comparatiste. / By examining the commonalities by structural, stylistic and semiotic tools, and by themes, this study aims to find the commonalities between the two Chinese and French novels: Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Remembrance of Things Past by Marcel Proust. Based on our analysis in Part I, a specific form on three aspects - the narration, the system of characters and the temporality - is found to be common in both works. It is of a circular shape, closing in on itself, analogue to a metaphor but extends to all the text, which we call "the metaphorization." The metaphorization on these three aspects will be the center of a new aesthetic, proper but common to both works. In Part II, we will show that metaphorzation makes possible the formation of a self-referential world in the interior of the two works, and the three categories of signs inside a fiction - the Signifier, the Signified and the Referent - will have the opportunity to draw their source only in the interior of the novel. We are going to investigate into the fantastic that lies under the appearance of realism in the narration of the two stories of “Marcel” and “Jia Jade magique.” The metaphorization is not only an important part of our theory, it helps to discuss on the very essence of the literature in this present study. By converging these two novels by their similarity, we wish to make interesting discoveries from a comparative point of view.
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Construction du personnage et émergence du fantastique dans les récits brefs de l'époque romantique (Charles Nodier, Joseph von Eichendorff) / The construction of the character and the emergence of fantastic in romantic short stories (Charles Nodier, Joseph von Eichendorff)Vest, Jocelyn 10 November 2017 (has links)
Au début du XIXe siècle s’amorce, en réponse à l’instabilité du monde, une crise de la représentation. Elle se traduit, dans les milieux romantiques, par une écriture de l’ambiguïté que l’on a coutume de désigner sous le nom de fantastique. En marge des visions grotesques ou dissonantes qui caractérisent de nombreux textes hoffmanniens, les récits de Charles Nodier, Joseph von Eichendorff, mais également, en partie du premier Gautier ou de Tieck, mettent en place un fantastique onirique, tirant sur le merveilleux. Touchant à l’intime et révélant les désirs cachés du sujet, cette modalité du fantastique sera appréhendée, à rebours d’une tradition critique qui privilégie l’étude de l’événement, sous l’angle du personnage. L’analyse comparée d’un corpus synchronique composé de contes et nouvelles de l’époque romantique se propose ainsi de contribuer à une poétique du fantastique et d’éclairer la relation qu’entretiennent les romantismes français et allemands .Ce travail fait tout d’abord ressortir la présence de rôles récurrents et de modalités de construction communes. Le récit est centré sur la relation unissant une figure fantastique et un sujet, autour duquel gravitent deux types, l’un donnant corps à l’interprétation surnaturelle, l’autre la rejetant. Le fantastique ne naît cependant pas uniquement de caractéristiques ontologiques, mais résulte d’une manipulation, qui joue sur l’évolution des interactions entre les personnages et sur les liens qui se tissent entre les différents niveaux narratifs. Cette manipulation sert un discours anthropologique et esthétique, qui révèle des points de convergence entre les romantismes français et allemands, esthétiques notamment, mais aussi des divergences profondes, quant à l’évaluation du rêve et de la folie ou des rapports entre littérature et religion. / At the beginning of the 19th century, the instability of the world lead to a crisis of representation and to the development of what Todorv called the fantastic genre. Unlike Hoffmann's grotesque or discordant visions, Charles Nodier's and Joseph von Eichendorff's stories are characterised by a dreamlike fantastic that is close to the supernatural.This kind of fantastic is connected with the intimate life of the subject and reveals their hidden desires. Contrary to traditional criticism, it will not be analysed through the prism of the event, but through the prism of the characters and their relations. By analysing romantic short stories, we aim to contribute to a general fantastic poetry and to shed a new light on the relations between French and German romanticisms. The first part of the study brings out the presence of typical roles and recurrent modalities of character construction: their names, their physical and psychological traits, their idiosyncraties. The fantastic story focuses on the relationship between a fantastic figure and a subject. Two stereotypes evolve around the latter: a character that defends a supernatural interpretation of the facts and a character that questions their reality. The fantastic effect not only results from ontological characteristics, but also from the interactions between the characters and between the various diegetic levels. The study of these interactions reveals a form of manipulation which serves an anthropological and esthetic aim. This is how, it reveals similarities but also differences between French and German romanticisms concerning the relation between literature and religion or the consideration of dreams or madness.
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Estrategias Desestabilizadoras en la Narrativa de Silvina OcampoLoguzzo, Lorena 24 March 2015 (has links)
La narrativa de Silvina Ocampo (1903-1993) no goza del lugar que merece en la ficción argentina y latinoamericana como obra de la principal cuentista del siglo XX. Hace relativamente poco que su obra comenzó a despertar el interés de la crítica, atención que se evidencia en la cantidad de artículos y disertaciones recientes.
Mediante una disección de la narrativa ocampeana a partir de las grandes coordenadas que la intersectan se pueden caracterizar los aspectos peculiares y distintivos de su estilo. Desarrollada tras la consolidación del psicoanálisis y su influencia en la estética surrealista, la narrativa de Ocampo incorpora algunos de esos elementos. El género fantástico también se articula aunque mediante una selección de rasgos configurados a su modo. Si bien Ocampo rechaza la etiqueta de feminista, ciertos aspectos de su estilo sólo pueden explicarse a partir de la visión particular de una mujer escritora y su representación de la identidad y las relaciones.
La lectura pormenorizada de varios cuentos recogidos en “Cuentos completos” I y II (1999), once volúmenes publicados durante su vida, pertenecientes a distintos períodos de su producción permiten realizar un análisis diacrónico que ofrece una caracterización redonda de su estilo y evolución. El análisis sincrónico de estos textos incorpora datos históricos acerca del contexto de producción; a la vez que otras obras literarias del período ofrecen un punto de comparación para identificar influencias y contribuciones.
Este análisis, realizado desde el marco teórico de la crítica literaria, da cuenta de la presencia de constituyentes narrativos (narrador, ironía, ambigüedad) que configuran espacios de indeterminación, noción postulada por las teorías de la recepción. Éstos explican las peculiares características de la obra ocampeana: su habilidad para inquietar, intrigar, sorprender y, en suma, desestabilizar al lector y sus expectativas. Es más, sirven para explicar la idiosincrática representación de la realidad que emana de su obra, su interés en lo fantástico y la articulación de lo anti-convencional, como mecanismo subversivo para escapar del orden social dominante, lo cual revela sensibilidades protofeministas. La narrativa de Silvina Ocampo se resiste al reduccionismo y construye una visión peculiar y multifacética de la artista y su obra.
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