O município de Bom Repouso, localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais, possui cerca de 50% de sua população residindo em área rural, revelando-se, a cada ano, como um dos maiores produtores de batata e morango em nível nacional. No entanto, estudos prévios desenvolvidos na região têm demonstrado que, entre outras atividades impactantes, encontra-se a do uso intensivo de fertilizantes e agrotóxicos, colocando em risco a saúde da população local e a dos ecossistemas. Pelo exposto surge a hipótese de que parte dos impactos encontrados pode ser decorrente da falta de informações e compreensão dos agricultores, associado ao baixo nível de escolaridade e negligência ao uso desses produtos. Considerando-se essa temática, procurou-se identificar e analisar a percepção de agricultores do município de Bom Repouso em relação aos riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente, inerentes ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, bem como contribuir com pesquisas já realizadas no campo da percepção ambiental e como subsídios às estratégias de comunicação e o gerenciamento de riscos por parte do Poder Público na região. Para tanto, foram utilizados alguns instrumentos metodológicos como visitas a campo e observação (entre 2009-2010), elaboração de uma planilha de Avaliação Preliminar de Perigo (APP) por parte da pesquisadora, bem como a aplicação da mesma planilha a 50 agricultores (selecionados entre os 22 bairros do município e, preferencialmente, naqueles com maior desenvolvimento da agricultura), em julho de 2010, avaliando sua percepção sobre os perigos e riscos associados ao modelo vigente de produção. Dados pretéritos (obtidos em 2005-2007) também foram incorporados na pesquisa, os quais possibilitaram reconhecer o perfil socioeconômico dos agricultores e um pouco da estruturação local. Por meio dos resultados obtidos verifica-se a expansão da agricultura no município nos últimos anos, implicando em problemas sociais e ambientais relacionados à falta de planejamento no setor e a forma de condução da atividade. Por outro lado, considerando as hipóteses levantadas, é possível inferir que não existe falta de informações em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos e seus efeitos, pois em sua maioria (70%) os entrevistados têm noção dos perigos e riscos associados, implicando em danos a saúde e ao meio ambiente, embora suas atitudes (como o não uso do EPI, armazenamento e forma de utilização do produto) demonstrem total negligência. Portanto, as atividades agrícolas mal planejadas decorrem mais de outros aspectos, como os culturais, além da falta de incentivo econômico e político para que outras formas alternativas da agricultura sejam fomentadas na região. Desta forma, verifica-se que os agricultores acabam realmente sendo agentes ativos do processo, mas, por outro lado, se tornam vítimas da própria situação, ou seja, das práticas agrícolas existentes. / The city of Bom Repouso, localized in the State of Minas Gerais, has around 50% of its population residing in rural areas, making itself, year by year, one of the biggest potato and strawberry producers in the nation. However, previous studies developed in the region have demonstrated that, among other impacting activities, there is the extensive use of pesticides, putting the health of the population as well as the health of the ecosystems in danger. From the above, arises the hypothesis that part of the impact found can derive from the lack of information and comprehension from the farmers, together with a low scholarity level and the neglect when using these products. Bearing this thematic in mind, we tried to identify and analyze the perception of farmers from the city of Bom Repouso regarding health and environmental risks, inherent from the widespread use of pesticides, as well as to contribute with research already carried out in the field of environmental perception and as subsides to strategies of Risk Management and Communication from the Public Power in that region. For this, some methodological instruments were used, such as visitation to the fields and observation (from 2009-2010), elaboration of a Preliminary Assessment of Danger (PAD) worksheet by the researcher, and the application of the same worksheet with 50 farmers (selected among the 22 neighborhoods from the city and, preferentially, in the ones with the most development in farming), in July 2010, assessing their perception about danger and risks associated to the current production model. Preterit data (obtained in 2005- 2007) were also incorporated in the research, which allow us to recognize the socialeconomical profile of the farmers and some of the local structure. Through the obtained results, the expansion in farming in the city in the last few years can be seen, implying in social and environmental problems related to the lack of planning in the sector and also the conduction of activities. On the other hand, considering the arisen hypotheses, it is possible to infer that there is no lack of information regarding the use of pesticides and its effects, since the majority (70%) of the interviewed people have notion of the dangers and risks, implying in damages to their health and to the environment, but nonetheless, their attitudes (such as the non use of PPE, wrong storage and use of the product) demonstrate total neglect. Therefore, badly planned farming activity result from other aspects, such as cultural for example, besides the lack of economical and political incentive so that other alternative forms of farming could be funded in the region. Thus, it can be seen that farmers are in fact active agents in the process, but, on the other hand, are victims of their own situation, that is, the existing farming practices.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 14 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação procura estabelecer conexões – numa dimensão transdisciplinar entre as áreas da Educação, da Biologia e do Direito – entre saberes acadêmicos e populares. Busca-se demonstrar que camponeses que cultivam milho crioulo no município de Anchieta-SC dominam e produzem conhecimento e tecnologia. É feita uma análise de como se caracterizam as atividades dos agricultores quando da seleção, cultivo, classificação e melhoramento das sementes de milho crioulo, evidenciando-se a condição dos mesmos como pesquisadores e detentores de Propriedade Intelectual. Destaca-se a existência de métodos próprios para selecionar e melhorar sementes de milho, aperfeiçoadas durante gerações. Nessas ações há significativas interferências e conflitos de poder exercido por diferentes instituições – como as empresas da biotecnologia e Universidades – que se assumem guardiãs do avanço tecnológico e se encarregam da preservação dos conhecimentos. Não há pretensão de estabelecer qualquer hierarquia entre saberes, mas assegura

O tema desta dissertação é o estudo das interações entre os sujeitos sociais e as políticas públicas, tendo como referência empírica os agricultores familiares tradicionais e sua apropriação do Plano Brasil Sem Miséria (PBSM). O principal objetivo foi compreender a relação entre as distintas racionalidades e os modos de vida ou experiências de agricultores tradicionais e o Plano Brasil Sem Miséria – Projeto Fomento. Para tanto foram investigadas a formação histórica dos agricultores tradicionais no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul e a trajetória das políticas públicas e sociais brasileiras a partir da década de 1990. Optou-se pelo método qualitativo e os instrumentos de coleta de dados primários foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas, individuais e coletivas e como fontes secundárias, documentos e obras publicadas sobre os municípios pesquisados. A pesquisa foi realizada nos municípios de Dom Feliciano, Itati e Lajeado do Bugre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As entrevistas foram realizadas com famílias beneficiárias do Plano Brasil Sem Miséria e técnicos da Emater/RS. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo mobilizou-se os conceitos de racionalidade e modos de vida. Observou-se que produção para o autoconsumo ocupa lugar privilegiado na racionalidade dos agricultores tradicionais. A política pública foi adaptada pelos agricultores readequando-a a suas expectativas e demandas imediatas, não necessariamente geradoras de transformação de seu modo de vida e da sociedade em que vivem. Os agricultores elaboram estratégias de apropriação da política orientados pela racionalidade do risco mínimo, tendo como objetivo o fortalecimento do seu modo de vida. Os resultados indicam que as condutas e os comportamentos dos agricultores podem estar associados a opção por um modo vida com características mais próximas às tradicionais. / The theme of this dissertation is the study of the interactions between social subjects and public policies, having as an empirical reference the traditional family farmers and their appropriation of the Brazil Without Poverty Plan (PBSM). The main objective was to understand the relationship between the different rationalities and the ways of life or experiences of traditional family farmers and the Brazil Without Poverty Plan – Fomento Project. For this, has been investigated the historical formation of traditional farmers in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul and the trajectory of Brazilian public and social policies from the 1990s. The qualitative method was chosen and the primary data collection instruments were interviews semi-structured, individual and collective, and as secondary dataset, documents and published works about the municipalities surveyed. The research was carried out in the municipalities of Dom Feliciano, Itati and Lajeado do Bugre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The interviews were carried out with beneficiary families of the Brazil Without Poverty Plan and Emater/RS technicians. For the development of this study the concepts of rationality and ways of life were mobilized. It was observed that production for self-consumption occupies a privileged place in the rationality of traditional farmers. Public policy has been adapted by farmers by adapting it to their expectations and immediate demands, not necessarily generating a transformation of their way of life and the society in which they live. Farmers develop strategies of policy appropriation guided by the rationality of minimum risk, with the aim of strengthening their way of life. The results indicate that farmers' behaviors and behaviors may be associated with the option of a life mode with characteristics closer to traditional ones.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA (DVS) / Although many researchers have shown ICT can enable development it remains a great challenge to understand the link between JCT4D projects and the development of emerging commercial agriculture. There is a need to realise the potential of information and communication technologies (ICT) for emerging commercial farmer development in order to achieve agriculture expansion and transformation in South Africa. This is important in order for them to partake in the knowledge economy visualised in the 2030 National development plan of South Africa and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. However in South Africa, it is not yel established which spec(flc ICT are used, how they are used and the extent of deployment ((used in the emerging commercial agricultural sector. Few studies have focused on the faclors that influence the use of !CT in South Ajhcan emerging agriculture. This study investigates and attempts to understand the usage of ICT by emerging commercial farmers and the issues 1hat influence ICT use on the West Coast of the Western Cape Province in South Africa. The study investigates 1he different forms of JCT used, how they are being used, what they are used for, how important these technologies are as enablers of production, and the factors that affect their use. The study involved a survey response of 42 emerging commercial farmers and 46 of their farm employees in the Matzikama and Cederberg municipalities. A literature review draws from studies globally, regionally and in South Africa on how !CTs have penetrated and contributed to delivering development in emerging commercial agriculture. Although most emerging commercial farmers cannot afford to adopt !CT tools that are essential in their farming activities almost all who were interviewed acknowledged the importance of ICT to their businesses. However, among other ICT, mobile phones and television were found to be primarily used for social and entertainment reasons rather than for agricultural pwposes. The general findings showed that occupation on farm and JCT literacy influence the use of ICT by farm employees. On the other hand the gender, capacity of the farmer, off farm income and farm size influences the use of ICT by emerging commercial farmers. Our literature review established some examples ji'om the studies of other researchers and the efforts of multi-lateral institutions such as the FA 0 and ITU to illustrate how we can improve policy. 1 recommend that the South African government develop an e-agriculture strategy to monitor development and validation of good practices on the use of ICTs in agriculture and rural development. This strategy will examine emerging trends on the role of JCTs and the challenges faced in reaching scaled, sustainable informCIIion service models. This can increase the sustainability of emerging commercial agriculture to contribute to the improvement of the lives of the poor in rural areas. Finally I present research questions for future research.

En France depuis 2013, des initiatives collectives d'agriculteurs sont soutenues par des politiques publiques visant à développer l'agroécologie, dont la définition inclut l'enjeu d'autonomisation des exploitations. Alors que l'agriculture est traversée par des processus d'individualisation et de déterritorialisation, le législateur a fait le pari que l'organisation collective des agriculteurs au niveau local pouvait favoriser leur autonomisation et leur engagement dans la transition agroécologique. La thèse éclaire ce paradoxe par l'analyse d'expériences d'agriculteurs organisés en Coopératives d'utilisation de matériel agricole (CUMA). Ceux-ci développent des pratiques que l'on peut qualifier d'agroécologiques afin de gagner en autonomie, en particulier vis-à-vis des marchés marqués par plus de volatilité des cours. Pour cela, ils reconfigurent leurs modes de coopération de proximité, dont l'organisation de leur CUMA. Les résultats montrent qu'ils arrivent à mettre à distance des ressources et opérateurs marchands externes, grâce à une interdépendance accrue entre pairs, qu'ils acceptent parce qu'elle leur fournit des appuis pour mieux maîtriser leur contexte d'activité. Mais ils manquent de ressources adéquates de la part des autres opérateurs du secteur agricole et alimentaire pour limiter des dépendances restantes. De même, tous les agriculteurs ne bénéficient pas également de ces coopérations approfondies, qui nécessitent des conditions appropriées. Cette thèse précise ces conditions nécessaires pour que la recherche d'autonomie et la coopération de proximité favorisent des processus de transition agroécologique de la part d'une plus large diversité d'agriculteurs. / In France since 2013, farmers' collectives initiatives are supported by specific public policies designed to develop agroecology, whose legal definition includes the objective of farm autonomy. Although agriculture is going through processes of individualization and deterritorialization, policymakers has bet that the collective organization of farmers could promote their autonomy and their agroecological transition. The thesis sheds new light on this paradox by analysis of farmers' experiences organized in farm machinery cooperatives(CUMA). These develop practices that can be described as agroecological in order to increase their autonomy, particularly in relation to markets affected by more price volatility. In so doing, they reconfigure their local modes of cooperation, including the organization of their machinery cooperative. The results show that they manage to put at distance external resources and market operators, owing to an increased interdependency with their peers, which is accepted because it allows them to better control the conditions of activity. Nevertheless, they lack appropriate resources from other operators in the agriculture and food sector to limit the remaining dependencies. Similarly, not all farmers equally benefit from such in-depth cooperation, which requires appropriate conditions. This thesis dissertation specifies the needed conditions so that the pursuit of autonomy and the local modes of cooperation can favor agroecological transition processes of a wider diversity of farmers.

The Government of Malawi, through delegates from the Department of Disaster Management Affairs, has on several occasions advised smallholder farmers who live in flood prone areas to relocate to upland areas that are safe from floods. Smallholder farmers have refused to do so and continue to live in the flood prone areas despite experiencing on-going flooding. Smallholder farmers living in flood prone areas in Malawi insist that flash floods bring fertile soils from upland areas that enhance crop production in the flood prone areas. These fertile soils allow smallholder farmers to grow a variety of crops, fruits and vegetables throughout the year, some of which they sell. Within this context, my research critically explores how smallholder farmers perceive their vulnerability to floods and seeks to understand the factors and processes that motivate them to live in the flood prone areas. It also examines the realities and dynamics of local adaptation in the flood prone areas in Malawi through opportunities, challenges, barriers and limitations. The research uses 57 in-depth interviews, a household survey involving 227 households, participant observations and 12 focus group discussions with smallholder farmers. Findings show that firstly, smallholder farmers are not ready to abandon their land and relocate upland because floods are part of their lives and livelihood strategies. Secondly, that power dynamics at household and community levels based on gender roles and culture need to be understood and accounted for in local adaptation strategies in order to effectively enhance local adaptive capacity. Thirdly, that social networks and interdependence between the smallholder farmers living in flood prone areas and those living in upland areas play a significant role in the adoption of local adaptation strategies and adaptation to floods and droughts through temporary migration. This thesis reveals that the perception and extent of vulnerability to floods is dynamic and differentiated based on several factors. The thesis also reveals that local adaption is a complex process such that in some cases, the realities of power dynamics at both the household and community level affects local adaptive capacity to floods. Transformational adaptation that incorporates specific and contextual adaptation strategies is therefore recommended as one of the best approaches towards achieving successful adaptation to climate variability and resilience.

The thesis is focused on description of the situation of peasants in the founding stage of the communist regime and on describing of the facts which led to the collectivization of agriculture. The main objectives are to define the term "kulak" and its development at the end of the forties and early fifties of the last century and to find the answer to the question, whether the main reason for the farmers persecution was the disposal of private property.

The goal of this Master's thesis is to conduct a strategic analysis the farmers markets in Czech Republic, with the emphasis on external analysis. The core of the analysis is composed of two main parts. The first one is the theoretically-methodological part, which sets the basic terms, methods of the stratgic analysis and definition of the SWOT analysis. The second part is devoted to aplication of the external analysis methods to the farmers markets, revealing threats and opportunities and proposal of the strengths, which the new farmers market should have and also defining the weaknesses which should be avoided. It also mentions a strategy of penetrating this sector of the industry by a new subject and intrudoces the strategy for foreign farmers markets. The final part of this work is devoted to comparison of Czech and foreign strategies and prognosis of the development of the farmers markets.

nÃo hà / The analysis of the supply of goats and sheep by farmers in the municipality of Parnamirim - PE was structured in this research, the reasons for the identification of the determinants of sales of animals and how these variables relate. The weather proved to be the main reason for holding the Sheep and Goat Farming, with most families having vast experience in the activity, average of fifteen to twenty years of operation. The credit and technical assistance support figured as the highest political level of efficiency by the perception of farmers, though still not comprehensive. The use of real estate ventures to explorers for these animals was marked by the presence of owners and leaseholders having equity relative weights among the other types of use. Old and recurring problem is still present, lack of regularization of land in the municipality. Family agriculture and the Sheep and Goat Farming have peculiar characteristics that are vital to show the adequacy of models for exploration and development of policies to support the activity. / A anÃlise da oferta de caprinos e ovinos por agricultores familiares no municÃpio de Parnamirim â PE foi estruturada, nesta pesquisa, fundamentando-se na identificaÃÃo dos fatores determinantes das vendas dos animais e como estas variÃveis se relacionam. As condiÃÃes climÃticas se mostraram o principal motivo para exploraÃÃo da ovinocaprinocultura, com a maior parte das famÃlias possuindo vasta experiÃncia na atividade, mÃdia de quinze a vinte anos de exploraÃÃo. O crÃdito e a assistÃncia tÃcnica figuraram como politicas de apoio de maior grau de eficÃcia pela percepÃÃo dos agricultores, entretanto ainda pouco abrangente. O uso dos imÃveis destinados aos empreendimentos exploradores destes animais ficou marcado pela presenÃa de proprietÃrios e posseiros possuindo equidade de pesos relativos entre os demais tipos de uso. Problema antigo e recorrente ainda se faz presente, falta de regularizaÃÃo fundiÃria das terras do municÃpio. A agricultura familiar e a ovinocaprinocultura possuem caracterÃsticas peculiares que se mostram vitais para adequaÃÃo de modelos de exploraÃÃo e para elaboraÃÃo de politicas de apoio a atividade.

Descrever os grupos de famÃlias agrÃcolas presentes nos TerritÃrios da Cidadania do Rio Grande do Norte, quanto a sua percepÃÃo na condiÃÃo de vida e quanto a sua influÃncia no desenvolvimento do meio, à a finalidade do presente trabalho. Para realizar essa tipologia, foi necessÃrio construir um Ãndice de CondiÃÃo de Vida dos Produtores (ICVP) nos 592 domicÃlios em que existia produÃÃo agrÃcola, a partir do banco de dados do MDA/SDT. Posteriormente, os produtores foram classificados em trÃs grupos, atravÃs da anÃlise de agrupamento, com o auxÃlio do software SPSS, permitindo assim caracterizar e identificar suas principais demandas. Do total de entrevistados, 22,13% se classificaram com os menores Ãndices de CondiÃÃo de Vida dos Produtores; 53,55% com Ãndices intermediÃrios e 24,32% com Ãndices maiores, que reflete a percepÃÃo dos entrevistados. 25,95% dos produtores com Ãndices baixos estÃo no territÃrio de AÃu MossorÃ; 26,72% no SertÃo do Apodi e 47,33% em Mato Grande. No Ãndice mÃdio os produtores estÃo distribuÃdos respectivamente em 27,44%, 38,49% e 34,07% nos territÃrios de AÃu MossorÃ, SertÃo do Apodi e Mato Grande. Para o Ãndice alto a distribuiÃÃo foi de 28,47% no territÃrio de AÃu MossorÃ; 58,33% no do SertÃo do Apodi e 13,19% em Mato Grande. O grupo alto se caracteriza por ter, em 99% dos seus estabelecimentos, pelo menos uma pessoa que trabalha apenas no domicÃlio, e a maior parte da renda vem da produÃÃo. As principais demandas foram: acesso a crÃdito, assistÃncia tÃcnica, pluriatividade, diversificaÃÃo nas fontes de renda familiar, diversificaÃÃo da produÃÃo agrÃcola, uso e preservaÃÃo dos recursos naturais: Ãgua e participaÃÃo cultural. Concluiu-se que os produtores com atividades agrÃcolas que pertencem aos TerritÃrios da Cidadania do Rio Grande Norte, quando avaliados a partir de suas concepÃÃes tem caracterÃsticas quase idÃnticas. PorÃm, nÃo hà uma concordÃncia quanto ao ICVP dentro do estado ou atà dentro dos territÃrios. E as aÃÃes implantadas em 2013 nÃo conseguiram, em sua maioria, captar quais polÃticas sÃo necessÃrias para que os produtores tornem-se mais satisfeitos com sua condiÃÃo de vida. / Describe the groups of farm families present in the Territories of Citizenship of Rio Grande do Norte, as their perception on the condition of life, influencing the development of the medium, is the purpose of the present work. To accomplish this it was necessary to construct a typology Condition Index Life Producers (ICVP) in 592 households in agricultural production that existed from the database of the MDA/SDT. After the producers were classified into three groups by cluster analysis with SPSS software, and thus characterize and identify their main demands. Of the total respondents, 22.13% were classified with the lowest indices of Living Conditions Producers, 53.55% to 24.32% and intermediate levels with higher indices. What reflects the perception of respondents. Producers with low rates are 25.95% of the territory AÃu Mossorà 26.72% in the Hinterland of Apodi and 47.33% in Mato Grande. On average rate producers are distributed in 27.44%, 38.49% and 34.07% in the territories of AÃu MossorÃ, Hinterland Apodi and Mato Grande respectively. For the high rate distribution was 28.47% in the territory of AÃu MossorÃ; 58.33% in the Hinterland of Apodi and 13.19% in Mato Grande. The high group is characterized by having 99% of its stores at least one person working alone at home and most of their income from production. The main demands were: access to credit; technical assistance; pluriativity, diversification in sources of household income; diversification of agricultural production; use and conservation of natural resources: water and cultural participation. In short, it was concluded that farmers with agricultural activity belonging to the Territories of Citizenship of Rio Grande Norte, when evaluated from their conceptions have almost identical features. However, there is no agreement on the ICVP within the state or even within the territories. And the actions implemented in 2013 failed to mostly capture what policies are needed for producers to become more satisfied with their living conditions.