El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de huevos de Fasciola hepatica en vicuñas en el distrito de Paccha, provincia de Yauli – Junín, así como, estimar la frecuencia y determinar la asociación con las variables sexo y estrato etario; además determinar la carga parasitaria (hpg). Considerando que se tratan de animales silvestres, se tomaron muestras del mayor número de vicuñas posibles provenientes de un chaccu realizado durante la época de esquila en el mes de setiembre del 2010. Las muestras de heces fueron tomadas directamente del recto de los animales, siendo almacenadas y conservadas en refrigeración a 4ºC para su traslado y evaluación en el Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. El diagnóstico de la frecuencia de F. hepatica se realizó mediante la técnica de sedimentación rápida y la determinación de la carga parasitaria, huevos por gramo de heces (hpg), mediante el método de Mc Master modificado. Se encontró una frecuencia de F. hepatica del 32.9%. Respecto a la variable sexo, se halló frecuencias en macho y hembra del 35.8 y 29% respectivamente, y respecto a la variable estrato etario, las frecuencias en cría, juvenil y adulto fueron de 5.6, 45.7 y 33.3 % respectivamente. No se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05%) entre las variables sexo, sin embargo, hubo asociación significativa con la variable estrato etario, donde los animales juveniles presentaron un alta frecuencia. La carga promedio fue de 23.7 hpg. / Tesis

The Meat Inspection Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry in 195 0 reported that 322,647 livers or 2. 4% of 13,112,802 cattle slaughtered under United States Federal Inspection were condemned due to liver fluke infections (Price, 1953). This would amount to an annual loss of 3 million dollars in livers alone considering each liver weighed 10 pounds and retailed 65 cents per pound. This figure could conceiv-ably double or triple if additional losses due to animal death, decreased milk production, poor economic utilization of feed or lower livestock prices were considered.

No description available.

Die Effektivität und Verträglichkeit von Triclabendazol wurde in einer klinischen Phase 2 Studie untersucht. 81 Patienten (51 weiblich, 30 männlich, Alter 15-81 Jahre) mit chronischer oder latenter Fasciola hepatica Infektion, bei denen mindestens eine antihelminthische Therapie fehlgeschlagen war wurde in die Studie aufgenommen. Die Patienten erhielten 20mg/Kg Triclabendazol in 2 Dosierungen a 10 mg/Kg im Abstand von 12 h postprandial. Der Therapieerfolg wurde durch mikroskopische Stuhluntersuchungen, Bestimmung exkretorisch-sekretorischer Antigene im Stuhl und Ultraschall überprüft. Bei Siebzig (92%) von 76 Patienten konnten in der Nachuntersuchungsperiode (60 Tage) keine Fasciola hepatica-Eier in den mikroskopischen Stuhluntersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Die häufigsten unerwünschten Wirkungen waren kolikartige Oberbauchbeschwerden, die bei 40 Patienten (49%) zeitgleich mit der Passage der Parasiten durch die Gallengänge beobachtet wurden. Triclabendazol ist eine effektive Therapie für Patienten mit Fasziolose bei denen andere antihelmithische Therapien nicht wirksam sind. / The efficacy and tolerability of triclabendazole (TCZ) was assessed in a clinical phase 2 study. Eighty-one patients (51 female, 30 male, age 15- 81 years) with chronic or latent F. hepatica infection refractory to previous anti-helminthic chemotherapy were enrolled in a 60 day open, non-comparative trial. Patients received 20 mg/kg TCZ as two doses of 10 mg/kg administered after food 12 hr apart. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by stool microscopy, determination of fasciola excretory-secretory antigen in feces, and by ultrasonography. Seventy (92%) of the 76 patients who completed the 60 day follow up period became egg negative. The most important adverse event was colic-like abdominal pain (40 patients [49%]) consistent with the expulsion of the parasite through the bile ducts as confirmed by US on Days 2 - 7. Triclabendazole is an effective therapy for the treatment of F. hepatica infection in patients who have failed to respond to other antihelminthic agents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deivid Franca Freitas.pdf: 4560063 bytes, checksum: a75776cab41721dc487d8be459fbc52e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / The fasciolosis is a disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants and eventually the man. By causing great economic losses to cattle ranching and the high power of global dissemination, it sought alternatives to facilitate the understanding and visualization of disease delimiting potential risk areas in the Espírito Santo state. Thus, favorability maps were drawn on the current and future risk to F. hepatica based on climatic and environmental variables considered essential for maintenance of the disease and bioclimatological zoning maps and prevalence through the Geographic Information System (GIS). The data of cattle slaughter in the Espírito Santo were collected from the 11 slaughterhouses supervised by federal and state inspection services (SIF/SIE/MAPA), beyond the origins of livestock slaughtering in a slaughterhouse located in the municipality of Anchieta in the years 2009 to 2011. So, mapping results showed that areas of high risk gaskets totaled 35.42% for the current risk and tended to lessen with increases of 1°C to 5°C in temperature for 33.84%. The zoning map showed that 52.24% of the state areas are located in zones considered suitable for disease development. The combination of maps generated by zoning and prevalence of the 11 slaughterhouses distributed in the state showed that the highest prevalence rates were found in the municipalities located in the Southern region with averages ranging from 0.01% to 28.41%. Considering the result became clear that the epidemiological data, combined with GIS become a valuable tool for making decisions in order to minimize the occurrence and prioritize strategies for prevention and control of fasciolosis in Espirito Santo / A fasciolose é uma enfermidade que acomete os ruminantes domésticos e selvagens e eventualmente o homem. Por ocasionar grandes perdas econômicas à pecuária mundial e pelo alto poder de disseminação, buscou-se alternativas para facilitar a compreensão e visualização da doença delimitando possíveis áreas de risco no estado do Espírito Santo. Dessa forma, foram elaborados mapas de favorabilidade sobre o risco atual e futuro para F. hepatica com base em variáveis ambientais e climáticas consideradas fundamentais para manutenção da doença e mapas de zoneamento bioclimatológico e de prevalência por meio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Os dados de abate de bovinos no Espírito Santo foram coletados junto a 11 matadouros fiscalizados pelos serviços de inspeção federal e estadual (SIF/SIE/MAPA), além das origens do gado abatido em um matadouro localizado no município de Anchieta nos anos de 2009 à 2011. Assim, os resultados do mapeamento demonstraram que as áreas de alto risco perfizeram um total de 35,42% para o risco atual e tenderam a diminuir com os acréscimos de 1°C a 5°C na temperatura para 33,84%. O mapa de zoneamento demonstrou que 52,24% das áreas do estado encontram-se em zonas consideradas aptas para o desenvolvimento da doença. A combinação dos mapas gerados pelo zoneamento e das prevalências observadas nos 11 matadouros distribuídos no estado demonstraram que as maiores prevalências foram verificadas nos municípios situados na região Sul com médias que variaram de 0,01% à 28,41%. Dessa forma, ficou evidente que dados epidemiológicos aliados ao SIG podem ser considerados uma ferramenta valiosa para a tomada de decisões que visem minimizar a ocorrência e priorizar estratégias de prevenção e controle da fasciolose no Espírito Santo

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-03-31T11:35:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Martins de Aquino - 2017.pdf: 2825789 bytes, checksum: 21dd668e99af981f702f5b0d0823a01c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-03T12:12:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Martins de Aquino - 2017.pdf: 2825789 bytes, checksum: 21dd668e99af981f702f5b0d0823a01c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T12:12:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Martins de Aquino - 2017.pdf: 2825789 bytes, checksum: 21dd668e99af981f702f5b0d0823a01c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / Amongst the several parasite-diseases that may be found on the bovine species slaughter line, cysticercosis surely is the most frequent one. Besides being a zoonosis and a public health issue, it also causes great economic losses on the Brazilian meat productive chain. On the other hand, fasciolosis, also considered a zoonosis, has a lower occurrence when compared to cysticercosis, fact that may be due to its epidemiologic dynamics. Aiming to learn the level of infection of these zoonosis in the bovine herd of the state of Goiás, this project was undertaken with the scope of determining the prevalence and spatial distribution, as well to evaluate the association with some epidemiologic variables with the occurrence of these diseases and also to estimate economic losses inflicted on the producers and industries. A retrospective study was carried out on a total of 23.255.979 animals slaughtered per year, mesoregions and microregions. The data were used to create one epidemiologic map for bovine cysticercosis and one for bovine fasciolosis, gathering all cities of the state of Goiás. A prevalence of bovine cysticercosis on the state of Goiás of 0,53% (CI 95% 0,5295 – 0,5354), where the percentage of viable cysticercosis was 42,31%, non-viable cysticercosis 57,69% and the presence of bovine fasciolosis was de 0,0026% (CI 95% 0,0024 – 0,0028). The mesoregion Centro presented a greater chance (OR = 4,44) of finding positive cattle for cysticercosis when compared to the mesoregions Norte (OR = 1) and Nordeste (OR = 1,02), whilst the mesoregions diagnosed with greater chances of finding animals positive for fasciolosis, due to having a greater effective herd (p ≤ 0,05), were Noroeste, Sul, part of the region Centro and two cities of the region Leste of the state. The losses estimated for the evaluated period, from 2007 to 2014, ranged from R$ 64.809.817,50 (US$ 20.574.545,24) due to the presence of cysticercosis, and around R$ 15.072,75 (US$ 4.785) due to the presence of Fasciola hepatica in bovine liver. Such results outline the importance of developing strategic measures and action policies to try and control the spreading of these relevant zoonosis. / Dentre os vários parasitos que podem ser encontrados na linha de abate da espécie bovina, é notório que a cisticercose é a de maior frequência. Além de ser uma zoonose e um problema de saúde pública, ainda causa grandes prejuízos econômicos na cadeia produtiva de carnes do Brasil. Por outro lado a fasciolose, também considerada uma zoonose, possui uma menor ocorrência quando comparada à cisticercose, fato que pode estar atribuído a sua dinâmica epidemiológica. Visando conhecer o nível de infecção destas zoonoses no rebanho bovino goiano, realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência e a distribuição espacial, além de avaliar a associação de algumas variáveis epidemiológicas com a ocorrência destas enfermidades nos animais e estimar as perdas econômicas causadas aos produtores e indústrias. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo retrospectivo referente a um total de 23.255.979 animais abatidos agrupados por ano, mesorregiões e microrregiões de Goiás. Os dados foram utilizados para criar um mapa epidemiológico da cisticercose bovina e um mapa epidemiológico da fasciolose bovina abrangendo todos os municípios goianos. A prevalência de cisticercose bovina no estado de Goiás foi de 0,53% (IC 95% 0,5295 – 0,5354), sendo a porcentagem de cisticercose viável 42,31% e cisticercose inviável 57,69% e a prevalência de fasciolose bovina de 0,0026% (IC 95% 0,0024 – 0,0028). A mesorregião Centro apresentou maior chance (OR = 4,44) de encontrar bovinos positivos para a cisticercose quando comparada as mesorregiões Norte (OR = 1) e Nordeste (OR = 1,02), enquanto as mesorregiões diagnosticadas com chances mais elevadas de se encontrar animais com fasciolose, porque continham maior rebanho efetivo (p ≤ 0,05) foram a Noroeste, Sul, parte da região Centro e dois municípios da região Leste do estado. As perdas estimadas para o período analisado, de 2007 a 2014, foram de R$ 64.809.817,50 reais (US$ 20.574.545,24 dólares) devido à presença da cisticercose no rebanho e cerca de R$ 15.072,75 reais (US$ 4.785 dólares) devido à presença de Fasciola hepatica no fígado de bovinos. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho destacam a importância de se realizar medidas e ações políticas estratégicas na tentativa de controlar a disseminação destas importantes zoonoses.

As proteínas ligadoras de ácidos graxos (Fatty Acid Binding Proteins, FABPs) de parasitos têm um papel importante no processo de infecção por estes organismos. Por este motivo, estas proteínas são antígenos candidatos para vacina contra a infecção por Schistosoma mansoni e Fasciola hepatica. No presente trabalho foram caracterizadas FABPs de F. hepatica e comparadas com a proteína Sm14 de S. mansoni, a FABP de parasito melhor caracterizada, mediante análise de sequências e estruturas modeladas. Também foram clonadas, expressas e purificadas as FABPs tipo 1 e tipo 3 de F. hepatica. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a FABP tipo 3 de F. hepatica é relacionada estrutural, imunológica e funcionalmente com a Sm14, um candidato vacinal amplamente estudado. Devido à importância da Sm14 como alvo para o desenvolvimento de vacina para a esquistossomose, as características apresentadas pela FhFABP3 de F. hepatica apontam esta proteína como um candidato importante também para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra a fasciolose / Parasites fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) have an important role in infection process by these organisms. For this reason, these proteins are candidates as vaccine antigens against Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica infection. In the present study, FABPs from F. hepatica were characterized and compared with Sm14 protein from S. mansoni, the best characterized parasite FABP, by sequence analysis and modeled structure. Type 1 and type 3 FABPs from F. hepatica were also cloned, expressed and purified. The results of this study indicated that type 3 FABP from F. hepatica is structural, immunological and functionally related with Sm14, a vaccine candidate widely studied. Due to the importance of Sm14 as a target for vaccine development for schistosomiasis, the characteristics presented by the FhFABP3 from F. hepatica suggest this protein as a candidate also important for the development of a vaccine against fasciolosis

No description available.

Abstract not available

This study reports the localization and partial characterization of thioredoxin from the parasitic trematode Fasciola hepatica. Snails (Pseudosuccinia columella) were raised in culture and infected with F. hepatica so that Western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques could be utilized to determine the presence of thioredoxin in different stages of the parasite’s development. The results of these experiments showed that thioredoxin was present in the tegument, gut epithelium, excretory canal epithelium and sperm, of the adult parasite as well as in the tegument and gut of the redia and cercaria intermediate stages. In situ hybridization was used to determine the localization and possible differential mRNA expression of two different F. hepatica thioredoxin isotypes (Fh2020.A and Fh2020.SL) in the adult parasite. The in situ hybridization results showed that both isotypes are expressed in the tegument and gut epithelium. Fh2020.A stains with a greater intensity possibly demonstrating a difference in the amount of expression between the two isotypes. Recombinant F. hepatica thioredoxin expressed in bacteria using the pMAL™ Protein Fusion and Expression System was used to test its affects on the production of super oxide anion by murine peritoneal macrophages, bovine monocyte-derived macrophages and bovine whole blood neutrophils, and nitric oxide production by mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. The results of the cellular assays were not definitive due to the fact that the maltose binding protein (MBP) moiety of the recombinant thioredoxin, when tested alone, increased production of nitric oxide by bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. Consequently, since the MBP could not be effectively separated from the thioredoxin portion of the recombinant, allowing the thioredoxin affects to be tested independently, no true conclusions regarding its affects on the host immune cells tested could be drawn. This is the first report of the localization of thioredoxin in both the adult F. hepatica as well as in specific intermediate stages of the parasite. These studies demonstrate the possible affects that a protein tag can have on experimental results and demonstrate how such data may be interpreted when a non-cleaved recombinant protein is used in cellular or other assays when compared to native or cleaved recombinant proteins.