The aim of this study is to investigate how administrators of financial aid experience that legislation and municipal guidelines take a children’s rights perspective into consideration, and whether there, within the organizational structure and its norms, is room for maneuvering in order to meet the needs of children. A children’s perspective has since long been included in Socialtjänstlagen and has only gotten stronger since The Convention on the Rights of the Child became a part of Swedish legislation. According to research prior to this study the public debate has been lively as to what is an acceptable living standard for children and whether or not the conditions should be allowed to be affected by the limited recourses of the guardians. The results of the study show how the financial aids administration mainly focuses on an adult perspective where demands on guardians sometimes trump the needs of children. Furthermore, the study shows that there is no unanimous answer to what can be considered a reasonable standard of living for children. This causes administrators of financial aid to be caught between two contradictory sensations. On the one hand they feel relatively free in how they can maneuver within the guidelines given by the organization, on the other hand they are restrained by national guidelines. In summary it is apparent that the children’s rights perspective within financial aid is dependent on a large number of parameters ranging from the individual human standpoint to the national and formal ones, all of which need to be taken into consideration.

För ungdomar med föräldrar i ekonomisk utsatthet kan det vara svårt att veta vilket stöd som finns. Samtidigt är det en tid då man ska försöka ta sig in i vuxenlivet och man kanske funderar på att hoppa av gymnasiet för att leta arbete. Uppsatsen ämnade sig åt syftet om att undersöka vilka, om några alls, strategier socialt arbete kan ge till ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet och hur dessa strategier beskrivs i riktlinjer från Socialtjänsten, för de som ännu inte fullt kan delta på arbetsmarknaden. Främst för vilka möjligheter de har till att bidra till det egna hushållets ekonomi. Specifikt gjordes detta i en dokumentanalys som ämnar svara på frågorna: vilken/vilka strategi/er erbjuds ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet som har kontakt med socialtjänst? Och går det att utläsa någon översiktlig bild av hur Socialtjänsten ser på ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet utifrån socialtjänsters riktlinjer? I datan framgick det att väldigt få riktlinjer riktar sig helt mot ungdomar. Resultatet visade på att Socialtjänsten sysslar med aktivering för ungdomar för att motverka långtidsberoende av socialt bidragstagande. Riktlinjerna som fokuserar på ungdomar lutar hårt på föräldrarnas försörjningsskyldighet som skyddsnät och ger inte mycket utrymme för ungdomen att bidra till hushållet. Slutsatsen blev att ungdomar är en målgrupp som behöver mer utrymme i riktlinjerna för att undvika att hamna i ett långtidsberoende av socialt bidrag och att det krävs mer övergripande studier för att se vilka strategier som kan hjälpa ungdomar i ekonomisk utsatthet att ta sig ur ekonomisk utsatthet. / For youths with parents in economically vulnerability it can be hard to know what support there is. At the same time, it’s a time when you are trying to get into the adulthood and might be considering dropping out of high school to look for work. The essay dedicated itself to the purpose of investigating which, if any, strategies social work can give to youths in economical vulnerability and how these strategies are described in guidelines from social services, for those who cannot yet fully participate on the job market. Firstly, what possibilities do they have to contribute to the household’s economy. Specifically, this was done in a document analysis that aims to answer the questions: What/which strategy/ies are offered to youths in economical vulnerability that has contact with social services? And can a clear picture of how social services view youths in economical vulnerability be discerned from the social services guidelines? In the data it’s clear that very few guidelines are entirely focused on youths. The results show that social services are involved in activation for youths to counteract long-term dependence on social benefits. The guidelines that are focused on youths, lean heavily on the parent’s liability to provide as a protective measure and doesn’t provide a space for the youth to contribute to the household. The conclusion is that youths is a target group that needs more space in the guidelines to avoid ending up in a long-term dependence on social benefits and that it requires more overarching studies to see what strategies can help youths in economical vulnerability, to escape that economical vulnerability.

Sweden's welfare system has for many years been seen as the absolute safety net in the country, where every person who gets into social difficulties can fall back on the welfare system. Over the past many years, Sweden's welfare system has changed, and more and more people are applying to civil society and its organizations for financial help. One of the organizations that has served as the extended arm of social services is the Church of Sweden and its deacons. The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how deacons experience the responsibility they take socially and economically in society. At the same time, we want to take a closer look at their thoughts and feelings in the role created by increased responsibility on civil society.In this study, eight qualitative interviews were conducted with deacons who work with people in social vulnerability in Sweden and who, for various reasons, have had to seek financial and material help in the Church of Sweden. In the study, we were able to see how all deacons carry out work that is far beyond their responsibilities, the contributions they make are grants collected through voluntary contributions and taxes paid by their members. Here we have a clear picture of how this actually affects the emotional work of deacons both behind and in front of the stage. The job gets tougher and there is a common feeling amongst the deacons, that they’re not enough for all those who don’t have what many people take for granted, the most basic things, like food or money to pay their bills. The role, responsibility and shortcomings that the deacons have been able to see in social services is also something they feel have affected the relationship between the two. In order to answer our questions, in addition to our qualitative interviews, we have enlisted the help of neoliberalism, concepts from Goffman's dramaturgical theory and Hochschild's emotional work.

How we talk about climate is almost as important as how we deal with it. How we choose our words, what tactics we use to persuade each other and how we get our points across, it will all influence the choices we make to adapt, mitigate and set rules for dealing with climate change. In the summer of 2019 special rapporteur Philip Alston released his report on climate change and poverty. The report came at around the same time as the newsfeed was filled with images of California’s wildfires burning down neighbourhood after neighbourhood. But the discussion soon turned to debates regarding the use of private firemen to protect the houses of the rich and famous, in other words: the privatization of basic services. In his report Alston warns us about a scenario where the rich can pay their way to safety and the poor must face the consequences of climate change, he named the scenario climate apartheid. The purpose of this essay is to understand what Philip Alston means when he warns of an impending climate apartheid scenario and understand what consequences he sees. The method used to make the study is a critical rhetoric analysis, I have studied the rhetorical strategies Alston have used to try to persuade his readers. I have also used the theory of Yueng Foong Khong of analogies of war to try to understand the analogy of climate apartheid. What is said about climate apartheid is that it threatens the lives and rights of millions of people and it is of most importance that a strong and swift global cooperation is needed to save ourselves and protect the most vulnerable.

This essay examines the contact between the poor service and chronically and physically ill women during the first half of the 20th century at the Maria Magdalena parish at Södermalm in Stockholm. At the time the district was home to a substantial, poor population. Three years have been studied: 1906, 1916 and 1926 to investigate whether the amended Poor Care Act of 1918 affected the situation of the sick women. Through my results, I have not been able to see any real change except that fewer woman, in percentage terms, after 1918 were allowed to take part in the poor welfare support. The philanthropy was an important element in the lives of the poor women which diminished as time went by. My findings show that modern, medical science played a significant role in the lives of the sick women. The study also confirms that the women's behavior was the basis for the support they received from the poor service and that most of them were permanently supported and thus deprived of their right to vote. The study problematizes the stigma that the sick, poor women lived under, expectations based on gender roles connected to the possibility to receive help as well as the importance of paid work for participation in the community and a full citizenship. What is presented through the essay is that poor, sick women struggled with their livelihood during the examined period and that this group of people still do in our time in Sweden today.

I takt med en växande befolkning i världen ökar också mängden avfall. Avfallsplockare, “waste pickers”, är människor som tjänar sitt levebröd genom att samla på återvinningsbart avfall. I många utvecklingsländer spelar den här gruppen av människor en viktig roll för avfallshanteringen, men avfallsplockare finns även i Sverige. De kan ses rota i papperskorgar efter PET- flaskor och aluminiumburkar med loggan “PANTA”. Syftet med det här arbetet var att undersöka motiv och förutsättningar för avfallsplockare i Stockholm samt vilka utmaningar de ställs inför under det dagliga arbetet. Metoden gick ut på att först studera relevanta vetenskapliga artiklar om avfallsplockning, främst i andra länder där det bedrivits forskning om ämnet. Därefter genomfördes en intervjustudie med 21 stycken avfallsplockare i Stockholm med olika ursprung. Respondenterna representerade 8 olika länder.  Resultatet påvisar att avfallsplockare i Stockholm generellt är mycket fattiga och samlar på avfall i första hand för att få ersättning och inte ur miljösynpunkt. I studien är män starkt dominerande och motsvarar 85 % av respondenterna. Hur mycket en avfallsplockare tjänar under en arbetsdag varierar kraftigt från person till person. Resultatet visar också, med litteratur som underlag, att vardagen för de här människorna är tuff och att arbetet är fysiskt påfrestande för kroppen. Dessutom råder det en hög konkurrens, det är många som samlar på avfall av värde, vilket gör arbetet än mindre lukrativt. Vår studie indikerar på att avfallsplockare bidrar till en bättre miljö och är med och påverkar kretsloppet i en cirkulär ekonomi, men det behöver göras mer forskning på det här området i Sverige. / As the world's population grows, so does the amount of waste. Waste pickers are people who earn their living by collecting recyclable waste. In many developing countries, this group of people plays an important role in the waste management, but waste pickers can also be found in Sweden. They can be seen scavenging in waste bins after PET-bottles and aluminum cans with the logo "PANTA". The purpose of this thesis was to investigate motives and conditions for waste pickers in Stockholm and what challenges they face during their daily work. The method consisted of first studying relevant scientific articles on waste collection, mainly in other countries where research on the subject has been conducted. Subsequently, an interview study was carried out with 21 waste pickers in Stockholm with different origins. The respondents represented 8 different countries.  The results show that waste pickers in Stockholm are generally very poor and collect waste primarily to receive financial compensation and not from an environmental point of view. In the study, men are strongly dominant and correspond to 85% of the respondents. How much a waste picker earns during a working day varies greatly from person to person. The results also show, with literature as a basis, that the everyday life for these people is tough and that the work is physically strenuous for the body. In addition, the competition is high, there are many people who collect waste of value, which makes the work even less lucrative. Our study indicates that waste pickers contribute to a better environment and help to influence the cycle in a circular economy, but more research needs to be conducted in this area in Sweden.

This qualitative study aims to analyze how social workers who work with social assistance view young adults who are unemployed and receiving financial support, as well as how the social workers describe their work with this target group. This was examined through interviews with six different social workers. The interview material was analyzed using Van Oorschot and Halman's (2000) analytical framework on explanations for poverty. The analytical framework addressed two dimensions in the form of social and individual, as well as blame and fate. Based on these dimensions, following explanatory models were created: individual blame, individual fate, social blame and social fate. The results show that all four explanatory models appear in the social workers' reasoning about the target group although, some models occured more frequently. In the social workers' reasoning about how they described the target group, a pattern of the social dimension and especially social blame emerged, while the reasoning about how the social workers work with the target group showed the individual dimension with a focus on individual blame. The conclusion is that the social workers view young adults who are unemployed and receiving social assistance differently from how they work with the target group.

<p>Den latinamerikanska befrielseteologin har nått ut över världen. I alla fall till en del grupper. De radikala katolska befrielseteologerna och deras medkämpar har med hjälp av Bibeln kombinerad med samhällsvetenskaplig analys ökat medvetenheten om de sociala och ekonomiska orättvisorna men de har inte lyckats lösa problemen. Konservativa krafter har motarbetat befrielseteologerna i alla år. Samtidigt som befrielseteologerna hyllas över världen för sitt arbete till förmån för de fattiga och förtryckta har de blivit hårt kritiserade. Bland annat har de kritiserats för sitt samarbete med marxister och för att de blandar politik och religion. Befrielseteologerna har också kritiserats för att de inte har tänkt tillräckligt på kvinnofrågor och ursprungsbefolkningar.</p><p>I denna uppsats söker författaren via litteraturstudier svaret på om befrielseteologin har någon förankring i den latinamerikanska kulturen. Latinamerika är stort. Därför har arbetet avgränsats till att handla om den brasilianska kulturen. Brasilien är ett motsägelsefullt land. Kontrasterna är stora mellan kulturerna, mellan fattiga och rika samt mellan utveckling och underutveckling. Miljöproblemen och de sociala problemen är komplicerade. Befrielseteologerna är många. Författaren har valt att titta närmare på peruanen Gustavo Gutiérrez som brukar anses som befrielseteologins grundare, brasilianaren Leonardo Boff som nyligen fick alternativa nobelpriset för fredsbevarande arbete och brasilianaren Helder Camara som levde ett långt liv i befrielseteologins tjänst.</p>

Den latinamerikanska befrielseteologin har nått ut över världen. I alla fall till en del grupper. De radikala katolska befrielseteologerna och deras medkämpar har med hjälp av Bibeln kombinerad med samhällsvetenskaplig analys ökat medvetenheten om de sociala och ekonomiska orättvisorna men de har inte lyckats lösa problemen. Konservativa krafter har motarbetat befrielseteologerna i alla år. Samtidigt som befrielseteologerna hyllas över världen för sitt arbete till förmån för de fattiga och förtryckta har de blivit hårt kritiserade. Bland annat har de kritiserats för sitt samarbete med marxister och för att de blandar politik och religion. Befrielseteologerna har också kritiserats för att de inte har tänkt tillräckligt på kvinnofrågor och ursprungsbefolkningar. I denna uppsats söker författaren via litteraturstudier svaret på om befrielseteologin har någon förankring i den latinamerikanska kulturen. Latinamerika är stort. Därför har arbetet avgränsats till att handla om den brasilianska kulturen. Brasilien är ett motsägelsefullt land. Kontrasterna är stora mellan kulturerna, mellan fattiga och rika samt mellan utveckling och underutveckling. Miljöproblemen och de sociala problemen är komplicerade. Befrielseteologerna är många. Författaren har valt att titta närmare på peruanen Gustavo Gutiérrez som brukar anses som befrielseteologins grundare, brasilianaren Leonardo Boff som nyligen fick alternativa nobelpriset för fredsbevarande arbete och brasilianaren Helder Camara som levde ett långt liv i befrielseteologins tjänst.

The purpose of this essay is to review the Swedish international development cooperation carried out by Sida to control whether the implementation of the international aid is compatible with the policy. There are a lot of different ways to implement the economic aid that are being used by the donors today. The Swedish method has since the 1960s mainly been focused on attempting to diminish the poverty in the world. In the latest time another goal has been added, that is a focus on supporting the civil rights. This essay will be concentrated to aim on what kind of countries receiving aid from Sweden, and exactly why these countries are being chosen. The main question of this essay is: What countries are receiving the international developing aid, and how can this distribution be understood? To answer the main question there are two themes in the essay: • What kind of countries is supposed to receive developing aid from Sweden according to the policy? • What kind of countries is receiving the aid, and how can this be understood? This essay is mainly based on quantitative data obtained from Sida, together with index of corruption and poverty will the different types of Swedish cooperation countries be described. The conclusions of this essay are that there are two objectives of the policy: to fight poverty, and to strengthen the civil rights. What is noticeable in this essay is that it seems like there are more recipient of the aid from Sida that are relatively wealthy than there are poor. Still, it is obvious that the poor countries recieve a bigger amount of aid than the wealthy countries do. It is in other words difficult to declare which objective that is the superior one