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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avalia??o da efici?ncia de filtros anaer?bios na remo??o de coliformes fecais e ovos de helmintos

Cavalcante, Fernanda Lima 19 March 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaLC.pdf: 619525 bytes, checksum: b172a729547f262e355961911646e833 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The technology of anaerobic reactors for sanitary wastewater treatment has been extensively developed in Brazil, and today it is practically consolidated. They present several advantages, such as low construction and operating costs, and low sludge production, the anaerobic reactors are an attractive alternative to minimize problematic lack of basic sanitation in urban areas, and also of the rural areas. The anaerobic filters have been widely used in Brazil. It produces an effluent with low concentration of organic matter and solids suspended, besides conserving the nutrients, therefore, it is good for use in irrigation, but the practice must be associated with knowledge of the pathogens presence. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of anaerobic filters in removal faecal coliforms and helminth eggs, and to verify if the effluent can be used for agricultural purposes, according to the World Organization of Health (WHO, 1989). The protocol used to enumerate helminths eggs was the modified Bailenger method, (Ayres and Mara, 1996) recommended by WHO for evaluation of raw effluent and treated effluent. The membrane filtration method was utilized to determine the concentrations of faecal coliforms. Three different systems of sewer treatment composed by anaerobic filters were analyzed. The results, in a general analysis, showed that all the researched systems reached a larger removal than 93% to helminth eggs, resulting in an effluent with smaller average than 1 egg/L. One of these systems, Sistema RN, reached a larger removal than 99%, confirming the good performance of the anaerobic filters in removal helminths eggs. Even with low concentrations of eggs in the influent, the filters were capable to remove this parameter efficiently. About faecal coliforms, it was observed for all the researched systems an effluent with 106 CFU/100mL. The high concentrations to faecal coliforms in the effluent just allow reuse for restricted irrigation, in agreement with the guidelines of WHO. Although the researched systems have not removed faecal coliforms efficiently, the results indicated a good efficiency of the anaerobic filters in removal helminth eggs / A tecnologia de reatores anaer?bios para o tratamento de esgoto sanit?rio vem sendo extensivamente desenvolvida no Brasil, e hoje encontra-se praticamente consolidada. Apresentando diversas vantagens, como baixos custos de constru??o e opera??o, e baixa produ??o de lodo, os reatores anaer?bios s?o uma alternativa bastante atrativa para a mitiga??o dos problemas de saneamento b?sico urbano, e tamb?m das ?reas rurais. Os filtros anaer?bios v?m sendo bastante aplicados no Brasil. Sua utiliza??o produz um efluente com baixa concentra??o de mat?ria org?nica e s?lidos suspensos, al?m de conservar os nutrientes, sendo por isso muito bom para irriga??o com fins produtivos, desde que sejam resguardados os cuidados com a presen?a de organismos patog?nicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia de filtros anaer?bios na remo??o de coliformes fecais e ovos de helmintos, e verificar se os mesmos atendem ?s recomenda??es sanit?rias para reuso em irriga??o, segundo a Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de - OMS (WHO, 1989). Para enumera??o dos ovos de helmintos foi utilizada a t?cnica de Bailenger modificada (Ayres e Mara, 1996), que deu origem ? metodologia atualmente recomendada pela OMS para avalia??o de ?guas residu?rias brutas e tratadas. Para determina??o de coliformes fecais foi utilizado o m?todo da membrana filtrante. Foram analisados tr?s diferentes sistemas de tratamento de esgoto compostos por filtros anaer?bios. Numa an?lise geral dos resultados, observou-se que todos os sistemas pesquisados atingiram efici?ncia maior que 93% para remo??o de ovos de helmintos, resultando em um efluente final com valor m?dio menor que 1 ovo/L. Um dos sistemas, o Sistema RN, alcan?ou uma remo??o maior que 99%, confirmando o bom desempenho dos filtros anaer?bios na remo??o de ovos de helmintos. Mesmo com baixas concentra??es de ovos no afluente, os filtros foram capazes de remover eficientemente este par?metro. Em rela??o ? contagem de coliformes fecais, foi observado, para todos os sistemas pesquisados um efluente final com cerca de 106 UFC/100mL. As altas concentra??es de coliformes fecais no efluente dos filtros permitem a reutiliza??o apenas para irriga??o restrita, de acordo com as diretrizes da OMS. Apesar dos sistemas pesquisados n?o removerem eficazmente coliformes fecais, os resultados encontrados no presente estudo indicaram uma boa efici?ncia dos filtros anaer?bios na remo??o de ovos de helmintos

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