Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-14T12:32:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Weber da Silva Leal_.pdf: 8788752 bytes, checksum: 05403935f61c00a5d8015dee9a383bc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T12:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Weber da Silva Leal_.pdf: 8788752 bytes, checksum: 05403935f61c00a5d8015dee9a383bc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 / Nenhuma / Enfrenta-se na atualidade as novas demandas oriundas de complexidades da era nanotecnológica. São diversos produtos em escala nano, difundidos pela sociedade em todas as áreas, como nos cosméticos, medicina, engenharia, construção civil, remediação ambiental, dentre tantos outros. Contudo, paralelamente às promessas benéficas, verifica-se o (potencial) risco. Tal faceta vem permeada por dúvidas, incertezas científicas quanto aos possíveis impactos das nanos na vida humana e meio ambiente. Seus efeitos no ecossistema, até o momento, não tiveram reflexos concretos. Surgem consternações antes sequer imaginadas, dada às particularidades da escala nano e sua interação com o ecossistema. Ante a crescente produção industrial das nanotecnologias, e utilização difundida na sociedade, observa-se uma nova inquietação: os resíduos nanotecnológicos, ou nanowaste. Quanto maior a circulação de nanoprodutos, maior será o descarte ao final da vida útil de nanomateriais. Relacionando-se ainda no contexto de risco, de que forma o nanowaste poderia obter uma destinação final adequada? Resposta para tal questionamento encontrar-se-á na análise do ciclo de vida dos nanomaterias, aliado ao estudo específico realizado pela OECD, sobre a gestão dos resíduos nanotecnológicos, iluminado pelas bases do Princípio da Precaução. Não se encontram marcos regulatórios específicos para as nanotecnologias, tampouco sobre o nanowaste. Portanto, esta investigação tem por objetivo demonstrar de que maneira o protocolo específico sobre resíduos nanotecnológicos, da OECD, localizada em espaço destacado em âmbito internacional, poderá ser adotado como instrumento autorregulatório, a fim de regular a destinação final do nanowaste como gestão de risco, num espaço iluminado pelo princípio da precaução. Utilizar-se-á a metodologia sistêmico-construtivista, aliada à análise de dados na coleta de dados de documentos da OECD. Neste contexto, como a estruturação dos elementos do Pluralismo Jurídico proposto por Gunther Teubner, aliado aos pools de responsabilidade (dialogando ainda com a comunicação de Luhmann), poderão contribuir para modelar um instrumento de autorregulação, permeado pelo princípio da precaução, a partir do protocolo específico da OECD? Adotando e validando o instrumento da OECD, como medida de autorregulação, será possibilitada uma verdadeira gestão do nanowaste, utilizando mecanismos mínimos na destinação final e tratamento dos resíduos, protegendo o meio ambiente e vida humana, respeitando a precaução, e ainda como medida de desenvolvimento responsável da era nanotecnológica. / Currently it’s faced the challenge of new demands arising from the nanotechnology’s complexities era are. They are various products at nano scale, spread by society in all areas, such as cosmetics, medicine, engineering, civil construction, environmental remediation, among many others. However, in parallel with the beneficial promises, there is (potential) risk. This facet is permeated by doubts, scientific uncertainties about the possible nano impacts on human life and the environment. Its effects on the ecosystem, so far, have not had concrete effects. Shown are dismay before imagined, given the particularities of the nano scale and its interaction with the ecosystem. Given the growing industrial production of nanotechnologies, and widespread use in society, there is a new concern: nanotechnology wastes, or nanowaste. The higher the circulation of nanoproducts, the greater the disposal at the end of the useful life of nanomaterials. Still in the context of risk, how could nanowaste get an adequate final disposal? An answer to this question will be found in the life cycle analysis of nanomaterials, together with the specific study carried out by the OECD, on the management of nanotechnological wastes, illuminated by the principles of the Precautionary Principle. There are no regulatory specific frameworks to nanotechnologies, nor about nanowaste. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate how the specific protocol on nanotechnology residues of the OECD, located in a prominent international space, could be adopted as a self-regulatory instrument in order to regulate the final destination of nanowaste as risk management, in a space illuminated by the precautionary principle. The systemic-constructivist methodology, combined with the data analysis in the OECD data collection, will be used. In this context, such as the structuring of the elements of Legal Pluralism proposed by Gunther Teubner, together with the pools of responsibility (also in dialogue with Luhmann's communication), may help to model an instrument of self-regulation, permeated by the precautionary principle, specific to the OECD? Adopting and validating the OECD instrument, as a self-regulation measure, a true management of the nanowaste will be possible, using minimal mechanisms in the final disposal and treatment of waste, protecting the environment and human life, respecting the precaution, and also as a measure of responsible development for the nanotechnology era.

A destinação final, pós-consumo, das embalagens plásticas de óleo lubrificante é um problema ambiental grave, devido às características de resistência à degradação e ao potencial de contaminação do óleo residual. A destinação final das embalagens plásticas ambientalmente adequadas é uma demanda ética e legal para as organizações. Este trabalho avalia criticamente a situação atual do programa de coleta de embalagens plásticas implantado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresenta as melhores práticas em organizações que lidam com a reciclagem de embalagens plásticas, discute o uso da gestão ambiental como base para integrar os vários participantes da cadeia de produ cão e comercialização e propõe um modelo que possibilitará a destinação ambientalmente correta das embalagens plásticas pós-uso via reciclagem e reuso. A metodologia utilizada constou de pesquisa descritiva de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo para consolidação dos dados. As entrevistas realizadas mostraram que 8,2 % das embalagens plásticas pós-uso tem destino ambientalmente adequado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A abordagem prática com apresentação do problema atual e a proposta do modelo são as principais contribuições que esse estudo agrega á área de conhecimento e pesquisa de reciclagem e reuso de embalagens plásticas pós-uso de óleos lubrificantes / The final destination, after use, of plastic packaging with motor oil residues is one problem worldwide. The polymer resistance to biodegradability and the residual oil contamination represents a great environmental risk. The final destination of plastic packaging is an ethical and legal claim in the comp anies. This work presents a review of a waste management program implemented in the State o f Rio de Janeiro, evaluating its results and proposing improvements. This study was especially concerned about the importance of an environmental management system to integrate all stakeholders. In order to support the proposed model, best practices implemented by organizations that deal with plastic packing recycling were focused. This study presents a model that will contribute to solve practical problems regarding final destination of plastic packaging after use through recycling and or reuse, preserving soil and groundwater for future g enerations. The interviews have shown that 8,2% of plastic packaging have adequated environmental destination. The practical approach and the detailed description of the real problem structure are the main contributions of this study to the knowledge area and research of final destination, after use, of plastic packaging of lubricating oil.

A destinação final, pós-consumo, das embalagens plásticas de óleo lubrificante é um problema ambiental grave, devido às características de resistência à degradação e ao potencial de contaminação do óleo residual. A destinação final das embalagens plásticas ambientalmente adequadas é uma demanda ética e legal para as organizações. Este trabalho avalia criticamente a situação atual do programa de coleta de embalagens plásticas implantado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresenta as melhores práticas em organizações que lidam com a reciclagem de embalagens plásticas, discute o uso da gestão ambiental como base para integrar os vários participantes da cadeia de produ cão e comercialização e propõe um modelo que possibilitará a destinação ambientalmente correta das embalagens plásticas pós-uso via reciclagem e reuso. A metodologia utilizada constou de pesquisa descritiva de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo para consolidação dos dados. As entrevistas realizadas mostraram que 8,2 % das embalagens plásticas pós-uso tem destino ambientalmente adequado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A abordagem prática com apresentação do problema atual e a proposta do modelo são as principais contribuições que esse estudo agrega á área de conhecimento e pesquisa de reciclagem e reuso de embalagens plásticas pós-uso de óleos lubrificantes / The final destination, after use, of plastic packaging with motor oil residues is one problem worldwide. The polymer resistance to biodegradability and the residual oil contamination represents a great environmental risk. The final destination of plastic packaging is an ethical and legal claim in the comp anies. This work presents a review of a waste management program implemented in the State o f Rio de Janeiro, evaluating its results and proposing improvements. This study was especially concerned about the importance of an environmental management system to integrate all stakeholders. In order to support the proposed model, best practices implemented by organizations that deal with plastic packing recycling were focused. This study presents a model that will contribute to solve practical problems regarding final destination of plastic packaging after use through recycling and or reuse, preserving soil and groundwater for future g enerations. The interviews have shown that 8,2% of plastic packaging have adequated environmental destination. The practical approach and the detailed description of the real problem structure are the main contributions of this study to the knowledge area and research of final destination, after use, of plastic packaging of lubricating oil.

本論文以台灣「低放選址政策」的信任問題為主題，採用文獻研究、調查訪談、焦點座談、問卷調查等多元研究方法，一方面參照並補充TCC模型作為理論架構，分析「信任」如何分別透過其知識與非知識屬性，影響台東與金門兩縣民眾的最終處置場設施接受度，藉以充實對公共政策中不行動面向之理解，並增加對非科學理性因素之重視。另方面，則綜合實證分析結果，並參酌近期國/內外選址的風險溝通經驗，探討「低放選址政策」如何納入重建信任的風險溝通模式，以協調科學與民主、專家與民眾在決策過程中的關係。研究結果指出，「低放選址政策」的信任問題，彰顯了過去人們用以確保政府機關不負所託的科學理性及專家決策模式，在現代風險社會中，不再足以讓民眾繼續作出授予信任的判斷，並在風險議題中合作。有鑑於在信任的分類與運作模式中，受價值相似性啟發的信任，主導了對科學證據與信心的詮釋。因此，對風險議題進行社會選擇的決策模式，必須能夠重塑集體的價值相似性，形成新的信任穩定機制。本論文乃建議一個重視「代表性、共同框架、決策影響力」的參與式對話平台，將可藉由政策審議架構，尋求在共享價值下，可被普遍接受的正義原則及解決之道，以提升「低放選址政策」的接受度與正當性。 / In this study, the author focused on the trust problems related to the “low radioactive waste disposal site selection” topic and adopted the literature review, survey interview, focus group, and questionnaire survey study methods. One of the objectives was to reference and supplement the TCC model as the theoretical framework to analyze how “trust” as well as its knowledge and non-knowledge attributes can affect acceptance for the final disposal site by the people of Taitung and Kinmen in order to enrich our understanding of the inaction in public policies and strengthen the emphasis on non-scientific rationality factors. The other objective was to incorporate the analysis and empirical results, reference the recent domestic/foreign disposal site selection risk communication experiences, and explore how to incorporate a trust rebuilding risk-communication method into the low radioactive waste disposal site selection, in order to coordinate the relationships between science and democracy as well as the experts and citizens throughout the policy-making process. The trust problems related to low radioactive waste disposal site selection discussed in this study highlight the fact that the scientific rationality and expert policy-making mode relied upon by the government agencies are no longer sufficient for the people to trust the government’s judgments or cooperate in the risk topics during the modern risk society. In terms of TCC model, trust inspired by value similarities drives the interpretation of scientific evidence and confidence. Therefore, the policy-making process that enable to risk-topic related social choice must be able to reshape the shared value and form a new trust stabilization mechanism. In this study, the author proposed a participative discourse platform that emphasizes on “representation, collaborative framing, and decision impacts” may adopt the framework for policy deliberation in search of shared values, as well as generally accepted justice principles and solutions, in order to enhance the acceptance and legitimacy for the low radioactive waste disposal site selection.