[pt] Ao longo da Primeira República, os trabalhadores da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (EFCB) constituíram uma das primeiras categorias a terem seus direitos garantidos pelo Estado – o que se deu através da criação das Caixas de Aposentadoria e Pensões (CAP), considerada um marco inicial do sistema previdenciário brasileiro. Apesar disso, suas lutas foram frequentemente desconsideradas pela historiografia, e poucos foram os estudiosos que se preocuparam em investigar a participação dos trabalhadores no processo histórico de conformação desse sistema. Como resultado, a história da conquista desse sistema de seguridade acabou por se afirmar através de explicações exteriores às experiências e concepções dos próprios trabalhadores, em perspectivas que costumam realçar o protagonismo de certas lideranças políticas e empresariais. Em sentido contrário, esta tese busca, em diálogo com estudos historiográficos sobre os mundos do trabalho do período, compreender as experiências que deram sustentação às estratégias adotadas pelos trabalhadores da EFCB na luta por esse e por outros direitos. Relacionando-se permanentemente tanto com o poder público quanto com outras categorias profissionais, esses trabalhadores se afirmaram como sujeitos ativos do processo de reconhecimento dos direitos operários no período. Para acompanhar tal processo, esta tese se volta para as lutas e mobilizações dos funcionários da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil no Rio de Janeiro entre 1865, quando a ferrovia foi estatizada, e 1922, quando foi instituída a Caixa de Pensões do Pessoal Jornaleiro da companhia. / [en] Throughout the First Republic, workers on the Central do Brasil Railroad (EFCB) constituted one of the first categories to have their rights guaranteed by the State – which occurred through the creation of Retirement and Pension Funds (CAP), considered a initial milestone of the Brazilian social security system. Despite this, their struggles were often disregarded by historiography, and few scholars were concerned with investigating the participation of workers in the historical process of shaping this system. As a result, this story ended up asserting itself through explanations outside the experiences and conceptions of the workers themselves, in perspectives that tend to highlight the protagonism of certain political and business leaders. On the other hand, this thesis seeks, in dialogue with historiographical studies on the worlds of work of the period, to understand the experiences that supported the strategies adopted by EFCB workers in the fight for this and other rights. Permanently relating to both public authorities and other professional categories, these workers asserted themselves as active subjects in the process of affirming workers rights during the period. To accompany it, this thesis focuses on the struggles and mobilizations of employees of the Central do Brasil Railroad in Rio de Janeiro between 1865, when the railroad was nationalized, and 1922, when the Caixa de Pensões do Pessoal Jornaleiro of the company was instituted.

[pt] O presente trabalho se debruça sobre as crônicas publicadas na grande imprensa entre 1901 e 1904 por Francisco Guimarães – um jovem jornalista negro que, nas décadas seguintes, se consagraria como um dos grandes nomes da crônica carnavalesca carioca como o Vagalume, pseudônimo com o qual publicou em 1933 um dos primeiros estudos sobre o samba. Foca-se de modo especial, sobre duas de suas colunas nos primeiros anos do século XX: a Reportagem da Madrugada, publicada na edição vespertina do Jornal do Brasil entre abril e julho de 1901; e a Ecos Noturnos, publicada no jornal A Tribuna ao longo do ano de 1904. Através da análise destas duas séries, pretende-se mostrar como Francisco Guimarães, ao incorporar em suas crônicas as demandas e experiências dos trabalhadores do período, ajudou a transformar radicalmente a cobertura da imprensa sobre os mundos do trabalho, com a ampliação do espaço a eles dedicado nas diversas folhas. Dessa empreitada resultou tanto a criação de novos espaços e colunas nos diferentes jornais quanto o sucesso alcançado por Vagalume na imprensa carioca da Primeira República. / [en] This work focuses on the chronicles published in the mainstream press between 1901 and 1904 by Francisco Guimarães - a young black journalist who, in the following decades, would become one of the great names of Rio s carnival chronicle as Vagalume, the pseudonym under which he published one of the first studies on samba in 1933. It focuses in particular on two of his columns in the early years of the 20th century: Reportagem da Madrugada, published in the evening edition of Jornal do Brasil between April and July 1901; and Ecos Noturnos, published in the newspaper A Tribuna throughout 1904. By analyzing these two series, the aim is to show how Francisco Guimarães, by incorporating the demands and experiences of the workers of the period into his chronicles, helped to radically transform the press coverage of the world of work, by increasing the space dedicated to them in the various sheets. The result of this endeavor was both the creation of new spaces and columns in different newspapers and the success achieved by Vagalume in the Rio de Janeiro press of the First Republic.

The diploma thesis "Construction of the imagination of the first republic era from the point of view of two generations explained by an example of the Czech TV series První republika" focuses on the mechanisms in which the TV series co-constructs the audience perception of the given era. The series was broadcasted from January 2014 untill June 2014 on the Czech Televisions program. The thesis aims to show how the younger generations of TV viewers construct the period in which they did not live through their consuming of media content. This is compared with the old-timers who could compare their own experience with the series. The audiences of both generations are equally scrutinized and consequently compared. The theoretical part introduces the theses about social and media construction of reality accompanied by audience cultivation theories. The final analysis of the acquired data is based on these theories but it aims to invent a new hypothesis. The subject matter of the research part is analysed by the qualitative method of the grounded theory as Strauss and Glaser understand it. For the questioning the semistructured and group interviews were used .

Intention of this thesis is to familiarize with mission in life of Prague Auxiliary bishop ThDr. Antonín Podlaha (1865 - 1932). This significant person of Czech church, sience and historiography isn't so much reflect. This thesis is divided into five chapter. First four is about bishop life and career. Last part deal with his public activity. Antonín Podlaha was significant collector, benefactor and protector of historical sight. He was organizer of grand culture social event. For example Ethnography expo in 1895 where he organized church part of this expo or he was main person of Wenceslaus's celebrations in 1929. Bishop Podlaha was an important scientist scope of activity of church history, art history, Czech saints and theology. The most important works are Český slovník bohovědný and Památky historické. The most significant deed of Antonín Podlaha was contributed to finished building of St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. Antonín Podlaha got involved in unionism. With archbishop of Olomouc, Antonín Cyril Stojan, they was organizing congresses, printed books or spreaded legacy of St. Cyril and Methodius. This thesis aim for describe the very interesting parts of life of ThDr. Antonín Podlaha in nationwide and Central Europe church and political context. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis focuses on the evolution of the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party between 1926 and 1929. The thesis focuses primarily on the internal development of the political party in this period and its opposition status. In the case of development are studied the causes of intra-party crisis in 1926, the reasons why Stříbrný and his supporters were expelled from the party by the XI. party congress in Brno in September 1926 and the consequences that followed as expelling members of the party, financial problems and break-up of the political alliance. This thesis also focuses how the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party acted as an opposition to the Gentlemen's coalition and its influence of mitigation government policy, which limited social legislations.

The thesis named "Sense of Life in the Work of Karel Čapek" treats the problems of raison- d'etre of life seen by Karel Čapek. At first this thesis is preoccupied by Čapek's personality and character of his era. Karel Čapek is characterized as an author in whose works were projected his philosophical views influenced mainly by pragmatism. The thesis analyses Čapek's works treating issues of sense of life. Particularly these are two proses by Čapek "Obyčejný život" (Common Life) and "Život a dílo skladatele Foltýna "(The Life and Work of Composer Foltýn). These two novels are at first analyzed separately and then compared.

Main theme of the thesis is the Czechoslovak Maneuvers in 1936. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter focuses on the creation of Czechoslovak army, the perion 1918-1932. The second chapter targets the reorganization of army in the period 1932-1936. The Third chapter is dedicated to the issue of armed forces in the period of the Austrian emperor.The fourth chapter is focused on the Czechoslovak Maneuvres in 1936 and research preparations, course, and made knowleges from the great interwar's maneuvres of Czechoslovak army. The fifth chapter closes arbitration service in the maneuvres. The sixth chapter deals with foreign's delegations on maneuvers and finally the seventh chapter is devoted to attitude and reakcions of czechoslovak's press and mankind.

The master thesis Periodical Press in the Kutná Hora Region during the period 1918 - 1948 focuses on the changes of the structure of periodical press in the Kutná Hora region in the specified time range. First, the definition of the Kutná Hora region with its demographic and geographic characteristics is provided. As the structure of the periodical press in the Kutná Hora region during the era of the First Republic was based on the situation before the First World War, the landscape of the media of the Kutná Hora region before 1918 is described. Kutná Hora region had been already rich in periodical press of political parties as well as the press of non-political organizations in that time and the same situation applies also for the interwar period. After the Munich agreement until the beginning of the occupation of Czechoslovakia the structure of the political press was changing at first and finally all the periodicals of political parties ceased to exist. By the march 1943, also the press of the non-political organization disappeared. In 1945 the richness of the prewar periodical press situation was not renewed. Most of the political parties shifted their weekly newspapers away from the Kutná Hora region and the non-political organizations were not allowed to publish their magazine due to the lack of...

A presente tese analisa a emergência da modernidade musical brasileira entre os anos 1889 e 1914. Analisa os discursos que a historiografia panorâmica tradicional brasileira construiu sobre a música de concerto daquele período, e analisa os discursos produzidos na própria época. Verifica que as iniciativas de atualização técnica e estilística da música de concerto respondiam a uma política oficial de modernização das artes, que tinha a Europa como modelo de civilização. Verifica também que a cultura das elites republicanas utilizava a prática da música de concerto como um mecanismo de distinção social. Conclui que as interações entre as concepções elitistas sobre música, as teorias raciais, o evolucionismo, e o cosmopolitismo legitimavam práticas culturais excludentes, reafirmando hierarquias sociais. Tais interações resultaram no aprofundamento do abismo entre a música de concerto e o público, na afirmação de hierarquias entre gêneros musicais, na valorização da noção de autonomia da obra musical e na manutenção dos vínculos com a música europeia, impedindo o surgimento de movimentos de vanguarda musical contra hegemônicos no Brasil no início do século XX. / This thesis analyzes the emergence of Brazilian musical modernity between the years 1889 and 1914. It analyzes the discourses that the Brazilian traditional panoramic historiography has elaborated about art music of that period, and analyzes the discourses produced at the time. It notes that the initiatives for the technical and stylistic art music\'s updating have risen in response to an official politics of modernization of fine arts, which had Europe as a model of civilization. It also notes that the culture of the Republican elites has used the practice of art music as a mechanism of social distinction. It concludes that the interactions between elitist conceptions about music, racial theories, evolutionism, and cosmopolitanism have legitimized exclusionary cultural practices, reaffirming social hierarchies. These interactions have resulted in a deepening gap between art music and the public, in the affirmation of hierarchies between musical genres, in the valorization of autonomy\'s notion of the musical work and in the maintenance of links with European music, preventing the emergence of vanguard movements counter-hegemonic in Brazil in the early twentieth Century.

O objetivo deste trabalho é a discussão sobre a dinâmica política e alguns dos fatores econômicos julgados relevantes e que juntos contribuíram na decisão do Governo da União em criar um sistema federal de escolas profissionais, as Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices (E.A.As), durante o curto mandato presidencial (1909/1910) do líder fluminense Nilo Procópio Peçanha, sob o comando do Ministério da Agricultura. A referida escola instituída por este presidente foi parte concreta de um projeto político alternativo ao do liberalismo predominante do eixo São Paulo-Minas durante a Primeira República brasileira. As EAAs foram iniciadas por uma liderança representativa de uma fração da oligarquia brasileira cujo projeto político-administrativo além de ter surgido num polo econômico secundário do país, representava também o desejo daquele grupo político de tornar o papel da União mais protagonista frente ao atraso econômico e alguns dos problemas sociais do país, apesar de compartilhar dos mesmos valores e fazer uso das mesmas estratégias da República oligárquica e da sua cultura clientelística. De certa forma, não eram adeptos de um federalismo irrestrito e, sentindo-se prejudicados pelo predomínio dos interesses políticos e econômicos da oligarquia paulista e dos seus associados de momento, propuseram um Estado federal mais intervencionista inclusive no campo da Educação, esfera até então de domínio quase que exclusivo dos Estados. Verificaremos o percurso inicial das Escolas de Aprendizes de Artífices até a década de 1930, incluindo a finalização deste sistema federal de ensino com a inclusão da Escola Normal de Artes e Ofícios Wenceslau Braz. Também destacaremos as transformações institucionais que as EAAs experimentaram ao longo deste tempo, tal como o Serviço da Remodelação chefiado pelo engenheiro João Lüderitz, o qual se propôs a modernizar a instituição. Analisaremos algumas das suas dificuldades políticas, administrativas e econômicas no contexto da sociedade brasileira da Primeira República, além de discutir determinadas características enquanto instituição que propunha o ensino profissional para as classes populares e, finalmente, se houve algum legado para a educação brasileira. / The objective of this work is the discussion about the political dynamics and some of the economic factors judged relevant and that together contributed in the decision of the Government of the Union to create a federal system of professional schools, the Apprentices Craftsmen Schools (EAAs), during the short Presidential term (1909/1910) of the leader from Nilo Procópio Peçanha, under the command of the Ministry of Agriculture. The said school instituted by this president was a concrete part of a political project alternative to that of the predominant liberalism of the São Paulo-Minas axis during the First Brazilian Republic. The EAAs was initiated by a representative leadership of a fraction of the Brazilian oligarchy whose political-administrative project, besides having emerged in a secondary economic pole of the country, also represented the political group\'s desire to make the Union\'s role more protagonist in the face of economic and some of the country\'s social problems, despite sharing the same values and making use of the same strategies of the oligarchic Republic and its clientelistic culture. In a sense, they were not adept at unrestricted federalism and, feeling prejudiced by the predominance of the political and economic interests of the São Paulo oligarchy and its associates at the time, proposed a more interventionist federal state, including in the field of Education. States. We will review the initial course of the Apprentices Craftsmen Schools until the 1930s, including the completion of this federal education system with the inclusion of the Wenceslau Braz Normal School of Arts and Crafts. We will also highlight the institutional transformations that the EAAs have experienced over the years, such as the \"Remodeling Service\" led by the engineer João Lüderitz, who proposed to modernize the institution. We will analyze some of its political, administrative and economic difficulties in the context of the Brazilian society of the First Republic, besides discussing certain characteristics as an institution that proposes professional education for the popular classes and, finally, if there was any legacy for Brazilian education.