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Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-10-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-09-27T13:45:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000542240.pdf: 879390 bytes, checksum: 739adaac9a5a74e636a82119f5279aab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com o objetivo de estudar a alimentação inicial do cascudo-preto e viabilizar sua criação intensiva, realizou- se um experimento em que o efeito de diferentes taxas de alimentação foi avaliado sobre o crescimento das larvas em laboratório. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado constando de cinco tratamentos e três réplicas a saber: 0% (T00 - jejum. 10% (T10), 20% (T20). 50% (T50) e 90% (T90), sendo as taxas aplicadas em função das médias do peso seco das larvas de cada tratamento. Numa primeira etapa (Fase I) foram utilizados náuplior de Antemia sp. por 15 dias, e na Fase II, ração comercial até completar 28 dias de experimento. A cada três dias foram realizadas biometrias para reajuste das quantidades de alimento. Foram avaliadas as taxas de crescimento G (g/ dia) e taxa de crescimento específico TCE (% do peso corporal! dia). O fator de condição e a conversão alimentar também foram analisados para os diferentes tratamentos. As larvas submetidas ao jejum morreram após 5-7 dias. Os parâmetros de crescimento (peso e comprimento) foram avaliados por Análise Univariada e o Contraste de HelmeI1 foi aplicado para avaliação de cada série temporal ao longo do tempo. Os melhores desempenhos de crescimento G foram observados nos tratamentos que receberam os níveis mais altos de arraçoamento T90 e T50. Na última biometria, foi verificada a manutenção da taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) das larvas do TIO, e um expressivo aumento dos demais tratamentos ao final do cultivo. O fator de conversão alimentar apresentou valores de 0,39 (T10), 0,73 (T20), 1,78 (T50) e 3,12 (T90). A análise de variância dos valores médios do peso, comprimento total e padrão revelou alta significância (P <=0,01) para os efeitos dos tratamentos (T10, T20, T50, e T90), do tempo (momento das avaliações biométricas) e da interação entre ambos... / The objective of the work was to study the initial feeding of Rhinelepis aspera aiming at the development of techniques for its intensive culture. An experiment designed to evaluate the effect of feeding rates on larval growth was carried in completely randomized design, consisting of the following five levels, with three replicates each: 0% (T00 - starvation), 10% (Tl0), 20% (T20), 50% (T50) and 90% (T90). The feeding rates were calculated based on the average dry weight of larval fish in each treatment. During the first 15 days (phase 1) the larvae received Antenia nauplii and in the following 13 days (Phase II) commercial diet. Every three days fish were measured in order to adjust the feeding rates. The growth rates were calculated as G coefficient (g per day) and specific growth rate TCE (% body weight/d). The condition factor and feed conversion of cascudo-¬preto larvae were also analyzed in the different treatments. The growth parameters were compared by Univariate Analysis and Helmert's Constrast was employed to evaluate each temporal treatment series. Starved larvae died after- 5-7 days. The best G growth values were observed in larvae submitted to the highest feeding rates (T90 and T50). In the last biometric evaluation, were verified increasing values of the specific growth rate (TCE) in all the treatments, coinciding with the weaning to the artificial diet.

Orientadora: Maria Célia Portella / Banca: José Sávio Colares de Melo / Banca: Teresa Cristina Ribeiro Dias Koberstein / Resumo: Com o objetivo de estudar a alimentação inicial do cascudo-preto e viabilizar sua criação intensiva, realizou- se um experimento em que o efeito de diferentes taxas de alimentação foi avaliado sobre o crescimento das larvas em laboratório. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado constando de cinco tratamentos e três réplicas a saber: 0% (T00 - jejum. 10% (T10), 20% (T20). 50% (T50) e 90% (T90), sendo as taxas aplicadas em função das médias do peso seco das larvas de cada tratamento. Numa primeira etapa (Fase I) foram utilizados náuplior de Antemia sp. por 15 dias, e na Fase II, ração comercial até completar 28 dias de experimento. A cada três dias foram realizadas biometrias para reajuste das quantidades de alimento. Foram avaliadas as taxas de crescimento G (g/ dia) e taxa de crescimento específico TCE (% do peso corporal! dia). O fator de condição e a conversão alimentar também foram analisados para os diferentes tratamentos. As larvas submetidas ao jejum morreram após 5-7 dias. Os parâmetros de crescimento (peso e comprimento) foram avaliados por Análise Univariada e o Contraste de HelmeI1 foi aplicado para avaliação de cada série temporal ao longo do tempo. Os melhores desempenhos de crescimento G foram observados nos tratamentos que receberam os níveis mais altos de arraçoamento T90 e T50. Na última biometria, foi verificada a manutenção da taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) das larvas do TIO, e um expressivo aumento dos demais tratamentos ao final do cultivo. O fator de conversão alimentar apresentou valores de 0,39 (T10), 0,73 (T20), 1,78 (T50) e 3,12 (T90). A análise de variância dos valores médios do peso, comprimento total e padrão revelou alta significância (P <=0,01) para os efeitos dos tratamentos (T10, T20, T50, e T90), do tempo (momento das avaliações biométricas) e da interação entre ambos... / Abstract: The objective of the work was to study the initial feeding of Rhinelepis aspera aiming at the development of techniques for its intensive culture. An experiment designed to evaluate the effect of feeding rates on larval growth was carried in completely randomized design, consisting of the following five levels, with three replicates each: 0% (T00 - starvation), 10% (Tl0), 20% (T20), 50% (T50) and 90% (T90). The feeding rates were calculated based on the average dry weight of larval fish in each treatment. During the first 15 days (phase 1) the larvae received Antenia nauplii and in the following 13 days (Phase II) commercial diet. Every three days fish were measured in order to adjust the feeding rates. The growth rates were calculated as "G" coefficient (g per day) and specific growth rate "TCE" (% body weight/d). The condition factor and feed conversion of "cascudo-¬preto" larvae were also analyzed in the different treatments. The growth parameters were compared by Univariate Analysis and Helmert's Constrast was employed to evaluate each temporal treatment series. Starved larvae died after- 5-7 days. The best G growth values were observed in larvae submitted to the highest feeding rates (T90 and T50). In the last biometric evaluation, were verified increasing values of the specific growth rate (TCE) in all the treatments, coinciding with the weaning to the artificial diet. / Mestre

Orientador: Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato / Coorientador: Pedro de Magalhães Padilha / Banca: Dirlei Antonio Berto / Banca: Pedro Magalhães Padilha / Banca: Willian F. Zambuzzi / Banca: Luiz F. Barbisan / Banca: Katiucha Rocha / Resumo: Neste estudo foram utilizados 330 juvenis da tilápia-do-nilo (peso inicial 15,26±0,3g) alimentados com dieta ausente de suplementação e suplementadas com 3,4:5,1; 5,1:5,1; 6,7:10,0 e 10,0:10,0g kg-1 de cálcio e fósforo, durante 96 dias. Peixes alimentados com 5,1: 5,1g kg-1 apresentaram peso final e ganho de peso menor (P<0,05) comparados aos com 6,7:10,0 e 10,0:10,0g Kg-1. A conversão alimentar de peixes alimentados com dieta suplementada foi melhor (P<0,05) comparada aos alimentados com dieta não suplementada. A análise morfométrica da vértebra dos peixes mostrou aumento (P<0,05) em animais alimentados com 6,7:10,0g Kg-1. O teor de cálcio e fósforo corporal de peixes alimentados com 6,7:10,0g kg-1 foi maior comparado aos alimentados com 5,1:5,1g kg-1. O teor de cinzas nas vértebras de peixes alimentados com dietas suplementadas foi maior (P>0,05) comparada aos sem suplementação. O teor de cálcio na vértebra dos peixes alimentados com dieta contendo 10,0:10,0g kg-1 foi maior (P<0,05) comparado às demais.O teor de cálcio na vértebra dos peixes alimentados com dietas contendo 6,7:10,0 e 5,1:5,1g kg-1 foi maior (P<0,05) comparado aos alimentados com 3,4:5,1g kg-1. Os teores de fósforo na vértebra de peixes alimentados com dietas de 3,4: 5,1g kg-1 e 6,7:10,0g kg-1 foram menores (P<0,05) comparados aos peixes alimentados com as demais dietas. As dietas 6,7:10,0 e 10,0:10,0g kg-1 de cálcio e fósforo atenderam as necessidades dos Juvenís da tilápia-do-nilo em desempenho e mineralização óssea / Abstract: This study used 330 juveniles of Nile tilapia (initial weight 15.26 ± 0.3g) fed unsuplemented diet and supplemented with 3.4: 5.1; 5.1: 5.1; 6.7:10.0 and 10.0:10.0g kg-1 of calcium and phosphorus for 96 days. Fish fed with 5.1: 5.1g kg-1 final weight and had lower weight gain (P <0.05) compared to those with 6.7: 10.0 and 10.0:10.0g kg-1. The feed of fish fed with diet supplemented was better (P <0.05) compared to the unsupplemented diet fed. The morphometric analysis of the vertebra showed fish increase (P <0.05) in animals fed with 6.7: 10.0 g kg-1. The body calcium and phosphorus fish fed with 6.7:10.0 g kg-1 was higher compared to fed 5.1: 5.1g kg-1. The ash content in fish fed diets supplemented vertebrae was higher (P> 0.05) compared to no supplementation. The calcium content in fish vertebrae fed a diet containing 10.0: 10.0 g kg-1 was higher (P <0.05) compared to too much trouble calcium content in the vertebrae of fish fed diets containing 6,7 : 10.0 and 5.1: 5.1g kg-1 was higher (P <0.05) compared to fed 3.4: 5.1g kg-1. The phosphorus content in the vertebra fish fed diets with 3.4: 5,1g kg-1 and 6.7: 10.0 g kg-1 were lower (P <0.05) compared to fish fed with the other diets. Diets 6.7:10.0;10.0:10.0g kg-1 of calcium and phosphorus met the needs of juveniles of Nile tilapia in performance and bone mineralization. / Doutor

by Ng Ki Chi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-145). / Acknowledgments / Abstract / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Waste Management in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Sources of Organic Wastes and Their Characteristics --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Animal manure --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Food waste --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organic Waste Recycling --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Organic wastes for land application --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Animal manure --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Plant residue --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Composting --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Biogas production --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Organic wastes as feedstuffs or feed supplements --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Animal manure --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Plant residue --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.4.4 --- Biological products from waste conversion --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and Outlines of the Present Study --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Vermiculture of Eisenia foetida and Pheretima asciatica on Different Agro- industrial Wastes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Collection of materials --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of earthworms --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Culture trial --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Harvesting of earthworms --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- "Chemical analysis of bedding material, wastes and worm tissues" --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chemical properties of organic wastes and bedding material --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Heavy metal contents in bedding material and organic wastes --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Effects of organic wastes on worm growth --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Effects of organic wastes on protein contents and protein yields --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Effects of Soybean Waste, Pig Manure and Digested Sludge on the Quality of Worm Meal From Eisenia foetida and Pheretima asciatica" --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Collection of materials --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Preparation of earthworms --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Experimental design and setup --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Harvesting of earthworms --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Chemical analysis of worm tissues --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effects of wastes on worm growth --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Nutrient contents of earthworms from different wastes --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Heavy metal contents in earthworm tissues --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Worm Meal as Protein Source for Fish Diet --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Preparation of experimental diets --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Feeding experiment --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Growth response --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Growth --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Mortality --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Tissue chemical composition --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Nutritional contents --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Heavy metal contents --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Worm Worked Bedding as Potting Media for Plant Growth --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Preparation of potting media --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Chemical analysis of potting media --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Plant growth experiment --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Tissue analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Chemical properties of potting media --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Plant growth status --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Heavy metal contents in plant tissues --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.126 / References --- p.130

Food habit analyses of the young-of-the-year alewife in lake Michigan show zooplankton was the primary component of the diet in 1972 and 1973. Cyclops bicuspidatus contributed the largest portion of the diet in both years. The dominant cladocerans consumed in each year were Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia retrocurva, Chydorus sphaericus, Polyphemus pediculus, and Diaphanosoma brachyurum. Diaptomus spp. was the only other copepod of importance. Chironomid larvae and pupae provided minor volumes in both years.Monthly food habits revealed a general decline in cladoceran percent volume from August to October at the Michigan City and Dunes transects. Bosmina longircstris was the predominant cladoceran in August of both years at both stations. Chydorus sphaericus was a major food item in September, 1972 at the Michigan City transect, and August and September, 1972 at the Dunes transect. Daphnia retraocurva was a primary prey species in August of each year and in September, 1973 at Michigan City, and in August and September of both years at the Dunes transect.Polyphemus pediculus percent volume was greatest in August and September, 1973 at both stations. At the Michigan City transect, Cyclops bicuspidatus was the dominant food item, and was more important in September than August in both years. In contrast, C. bicuspidatus contributed a major portion of the alewife diet at the Dunes transect in each year, but was more important in August than September. Diaptomus spp. percent volume was greatest at the Michigan City transect in October of both years. Chironomids were major food items only in August, 1972 at the Dunes transect.Young-of-the-year alewife food habits in relation to fish length indicated that smaller YOY alewives selected smaller cladocerans and copepods, whereas larger alewives preferred larger cladocerans, copepods, and chironomids.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Food habits were examined for the spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius, in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan from June to October, 1973. Insects were the primary volumetric component of the diet. Chironomus spp. larvae and chironomidae pupae were the most important insect food items consumed. The most important zooplankton organism consumed was the benthic cladoceran Eurycercus lamellatus. Alewife, Alosa pseudoharenqus, eggs were the only other significant food consumed.A monthly comparison of food items taken by spottails showed that Chironomus spp. larvae was an important food item in all months and the primary item in September and October. Chironomidae pupae were important from June through September with greatest percent volume consumed in July, The cladoceran, Eurycercus lamellatus was an important food from July through September, reaching its highest percent volume of the diet in August. Alewife eggs were the major food of spottails in June but were also important in July.Young-of-the-year spottails fed primarily on zooplankton for the first month of their existence, but their diet changed in succeeding months and was similar to that of the adults.Analysis of competition between spottail shiners, yellow perch and alewives revealed important overlap in food items in June, August, September and October. Competition in June was between spottail shiners and yellow perch (100-250 mm) for alewife eggs. In August, the spottail shiner and alewife (140-220 mm) competed for chironomids and the spottail shiner and yellow perch competed for Eurycercus lamellatus. September competition was between spottail shiner and yellow perch (26-100 mm) for chironomids and between yellow perch (26-100 mm) and alewives (140-220 mm) for alewife larvae. Finally, in October, major competition was between yellow perch (100-250 mm) and alewives (140- 220 mm) for alewife larvae.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Trout-perch, Percopsis omiscomaycus, were collected during the sample months June through September, 1973, in southern near-shore waters of Lake Michigan near Michigan City, Indiana. Three transects were sampled at depths of 1, 5 and 15 m using an otter trawl and a nylon bag seine. Fish were collected mainly at midnight because of diurnal migration and feeding demonstrated by trout-perch.Food habit analysis showed Chironomus spp. and Pontoporeia affinis to be the major food items of the trout-perch. Other organisms of lesser importance as food include: Eurycercus lamellatus, Eurytemora affinis, Chironomid pupae and alewife eggs, Alosa pseudoharengus.A combined monthly analysis of trout-perch food habits showed zooplankton and alewife eggs as important food items in, June decreasing.in importance throughout the remaining sample months. Amphipoda, primarily Pontoporeia affinis, was of greatest importance in June decreasing in percent volume in July and August and increasing in volume again during the September sample period. Chironomid larvae, primarily Chironomus spp., was a minor food source in June increasing to major proportions during the remaining sample months.Monthly food habits comparing size groups showed -greatest utilization of zooplankton as a food source by Group 1 (20 - 49 mm) trout-perch during the sample period June; decreasing as trout-perch size increased. There was a marked decrease in zooplankton consumption in the remaining sample months for combined size groups.Monthly food habits comparing size groups showed the greatest utilization of Amphipoda during the June sample month. Size Group III (100 - 139 mm) trout-perch consumed Amphipoda in largest quantities throughout the combined study period.Monthly food habits for Insecta consumption comparing size groups were at lowest volume in June, increasing in volume during the remaining sample months. Chironomus spp. was the major food item consumed by trout-perch.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

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