L'isthme de Panama se situe en bordure SW de la plaque Caraïbe, à la jonction de trois plaques lithosphériques: les plaques Amérique du Sud, Nazca et Cocos. Cet isthme est constitué de deux arcs volcaniques formant l'Amérique Centrale. Leurs présences reflètent une histoire complexe de convergence, en subduction. L'événement majeur de cette région correspond à la collision de l'Amérique Centrale contre l'Amérique du Sud entre 12-25 Ma. L'objectif de cette thèse est de documenter les déformations avant, pendant et après le processus d'accrétion continentale. Le but est de mieux comprendre comment un arc volcanique s'accrète sur une marge continentale pour reconstruire l'histoire géodynamique de cette région de 70 Ma jusqu'à nos jours. Cette thèse combine: - une étude sédimentologique et paléontologique, - une étude structurale à partir de données spatiales, géophysiques, et de terrain, - une étude thermochronologique (AFT), - et une étude interprétative sismique. Je propose ainsi une accrétion progressive et oblique de l'Amérique Centrale sur l'Amérique du Sud, s'initiant au sud de la région d'Istmina à partir de 40-37 Ma. La plaque Caraïbe, piégée entre l'arc volcanique et la marge continentale sud-américaine, disparaît progressivement sous l'Amérique du Sud. Vers 15 Ma, l'accrétion de l'arc dans la partie colombienne se termine. Au Panama, la convergence continentale se poursuit, mais le système s'inverse. Une nouvelle subduction s'initie : la plaque Caraïbe subducte sous l'isthme. Les déformations compressives engendrées par l'accrétion contrôlent la migration des masses sédimentaires et permettent la surrection progressive de l'isthme créant le pont inter-Amériques. / The Panama Isthmus is located on the SW boundary of the Caribbean plate, at the junction of the South American, Nazca and Cocos plates. The isthmus is composed of two island arcs forming Central America. It formed by a complex history of plate subductions. The major tectonic event in this region is attributed to the accretion of Central America with South America between 12 and 25 Ma. The aim of this thesis is to document the deformation before, during and after the accretionary continental process. The main purpose is to better understand how a volcanic arc collides against a continental margin in order to reconstruct the tectonic history of this region since 70 Ma until today. This thesis combines: - a sedimentological and paleontological studies, - a structural study from spatial, geophysical and field work data, - a thermochronological study (AFT), - and an interpretative seismic study. I propose the initiation of progressive and oblique arc-continent collision during 40-37 Ma. The Caribbean plate, trapped between the arc and the continent, progressively disappeared beneath the South American continent. Around 15 Ma, the Colombian part of Central America was accreted and the convergence of Panama toward the continent progressed and produced a new subduction zone whereby the Caribbean plate subducted beneath the Panama Isthmus. Compressive deformations, caused by the collision, still actively control the migration of sedimentary masses, allowing the progressive emergence of the isthmus and forming the inter-American land bridge.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirnisAN.pdf: 1569710 bytes, checksum: 487f964bb8878c4a16f155c95c8e1a7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-16 / The Portalegre shear zone (ZCPa), which is located in the Rio Grande do Norte and Para?ba states (Northeastern Brazil), is na important right-lateral, northeast-trending lineament formed during the Brazilian Orogenic Cicle). The ZCPa experienced na important brittle reactivation from the Mesozoic until the present. This reactivation led to the formation of the Gangorra, Pau dos Ferros, Coronel Jo?o Pessoa, Icozinho and Rio do Peixe basins. The reactivation northern parto f the ZCPa that marks the boundary of the Potiguar Basin is denominated Carnaubais Fault. Several fracture patterns were mapped along the ZCPa. Samples were collected in Neoproterozoic granite outcrops, along the ZCPa. These samples yielded AFT ages from 86?13 to 376?57 Ma, and the mean track length from 10.9?0.8 to 12.9?1.5 mm. Samples from the East block yielded mean ages of 103 Ma, mean track lengtn 12,1mm, and mean altitude 250m, whereas samples from West block yielded mean ages of 150 Ma, which reach 345 Ma and 220 Ma in the Pau dos Ferros and Coronel Jo?o Pessoa basins, respectively. Thermal history models were sorted out for each crustal block. Samples from West block recorded a thermal history from Carboniferous Period until the Permiano, when the block experienced gradual uplift until the Cretaceous, when it underwent downfaulting and heating until the Tertiary, and it eventually experienced a rapid uplift movement until recent times. Samples from the East block presented the same cooling and heating events, but at they occurred different times. The East block thermal record started ~140 Ma, when this block experienced cooling until ~75 Ma. Both blocks show a denundacion/erosional history more similar in the Tertiary. The AFT data indicate an important tectonic event ~140 Ma, when the West block experienced downfaulting and the East block experienced uplift. This tectonic process led to the generation of several sedimentary basins in the region, including the Potiguar basin. This tectonic event is also interpreted as a rift process caused by an E-W-trending extension. It the Tertiary, some heating events can be tentatively attributed to the macau volcanic event / A Zona de Cisalhamento Portalegre (ZCPa) representa um importante lineamento de dire??o NNE, transcorrente dextral instalado durante o Ciclo Brasiliano, foi submetida a uma importante hist?ria tect?nica r?ptil durante o Mesoz?ico e o Cenoz?ico, propiciando a forma??o das bacias sedimentares interiores de Gangorra, Pau dos Ferros, Coronel Jo?o Pessoa, Icozinho e Rio do Peixe. A ZCPa esteve atuante na abertura do Gr?ben Potiguar que culminou na instala??o da Bacia Potiguar. Observa-se ao longo da ZCPa, o desenvolvimento de diferentes padr?es de fraturas. As amostras foram coletadas acompanhando o tra?o estrutural da zona de cisalhamento e as idades de AFT obtidas ficaram em um intervalo entre 86?13 e 376?57 Ma, e intervalo de tamanho m?dio de comprimento do tra?o de 10.9?0.8 e 12.9?1.5 mm. Para amostras da por??o Leste, tem-se a concentra??o de idades de 103 Ma, comprimento m?dio de tra?os de 12,1mm, e altitudes m?dias de 250m. Para as amostras da por??o Oeste, tem-se as idades em 150 Ma, localmente com idades mais antigas de 345 Ma na regi?o da bacia de Pau dos Ferros e 220 Ma na Bacia de Coronel Jo?o Pessoa. Os modelos de hist?ria t?rmica separados para os dois grupos de amostras. As amostras do bloco Oeste registram uma hist?ria t?rmica que se inicia no per?odo Carbon?fero ao Permiano, apontando para um soerguimento gradual com baixa taxa de resfriamento at? o in?cio do Cret?ceo quando h? consistentes registros de um colapso do bloco sugerindo subsid?ncia. No final do Terci?rio, at? a ?poca recente, foi registrado um soerguimento r?pido com eros?o acentuada, possivelmente em resposta a processos tect?nicos e denudacionais. As amostras do bloco Leste, embora apresentem algumas similaridades de processos de resfriamento/aquecimento do bloco Oeste, mostram registros que come?am no Cret?ceo, com processo de resfriamento no final do Mesoz?ico. Ambos os blocos mostram uma hist?ria evolutiva similar no Terci?rio, com soerguimento e eros?o, embora a taxa de denuda??o/resfriamento no bloco Leste seja mais acentuada, justificada como resposta ao ajustamento da tect?nica destes blocos. Estes dados indicam que um importante evento tect?nico, em 140 Ma, ocorria na regi?o, gerando compartimenta??o dos blocos, gerando um ambiente prop?cio para forma??o de calhas estruturais que evoluiriam para as ent?o bacias interiores a sul, e instala??o do Grab?n Potiguar, na por??o norte. Este evento, interpretado com um processo de rifteamento resulta da atua??o de esfor?os distensionais E-W. J? no Terci?rio, tem-se registro de aquecimento comum nos blocos, que pode ser atribu?do aos efeitos de al?amento das isotermas, provocados pelo Vulcanismo Macau na regi?o

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