Diploma thesis handles with specialities in accounting of fiwed assets in semi-budgetary organizations. Furthermore it is focused on possibilities of financing by short-term bank loans.

This dissertation deals with the real estate business from the point of view of accountancy, tax and financing. The topic is elaborated in accordance with the current Czech legislation. This thesis addresses several issues inthe real estate business - from acquisition, through regular operation to its discarding. The dissertation also puts emphasis on the decision-making process when it comes to investing into real estate and the possibilities of its financing. Theoretical findings are applied in the practical part of this work with the utilization of own experience in a specific company.

The diploma thesis focuses on tangible fixed assets, not only from the perspective of Czech accounting and tax standards but also International financial reporting standards. Definition of tangible fixed assets is the first chapter of the thesis followed by definition of valuation and depreciation. The difference between accounting depreciation and tax depreciation creates deffered tax which makes it next notion specified in the thesis. The last part of the thesis is model case with calculation of accounting depreciation, tax depreciation and deffered tax using specific accounting methods.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the long-term relationship between the value of the fixed assets and the output of the selected economic activities for the period of the years 1995 and 2009. All economic activities except the industrial ones were selected for the analysis. The thesis contains also evaluation of the assumption of the parametric and Gordon formula for the calculation of the residual value. The output of the thesis is the recommendation of the estimating the investments and alternative practice for the calculation of the residual value. The thesis is also focused on evaluation of the sensitivity of the selected economic activities on the economic conjuncture taking into consideration that economic growth is considered as decisive when planning the future growth rate g of businesses and economic activities.

Diploma thesis is about development of program application for management maintenance of fixed assets for the companies ESOX, spol. s.r.o. and ESOX-PLAST s.r.o. In the first part of the work are mentioned theoretical backgrounds which where used to create diploma thesis. Further in the work there is evaluated the current situation of companies and also current situation of the solved problem. It follows by the creation of the application which single parts are described in the diploma thesis. At the conclusion there are summarized benefits of the program application and its assessment from an economic perspective.

Master's thesis solve problem with fixed asset's in company Antreg, a.s. Main focusis is oriented to the most important areas, especially the organisation and maintenance activity and taking care of assets.. Objective is to elaborate proposals for problems resulting from executed analysis.

This master’s thesis deals with problems of financing the acquisition of fixed assets. The theoretical part focuses on defining fixed assets and describing possibilities of its financing. The analytical part describes particular fixed asset and informs about economical situation of the company. This part also compares lease financing, bank loans and equity financing. The final part recommends the best possible option for the acquisition of fixed assets.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1992. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to AC201 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants additional depreciation should be calculated. To date only a few listed industrial RSA companies have published such amounts. Such additional depreciation amounts therefore had to be estimated. Since 1980 the Graduate School of Business of the University of Stellenbosch has estimated the average age of fixed assets by using the following formula: Accumulated depreciation: Depreciation as per most recent income statement. The above formula resulted in incorrect estimates of the average ages of fixed assets. It was thus decided to follow another method. In this study project (one of three), additional depreciation of fixed assets will no longer be estimated by means of an average age (or average acquisition date). It was decided to calculate an investment profile for fixed assets. Annually the cost price of fixed assets was divided into different year-layers which were obtained from the cash flow statements. The replacement cost for each year-layer was annually determined by means of the Production Price Index. The sum of the different year- layers resulted in the total replacement cost. Additional depreciation now becomes the difference between replacement cost and original cost, divided by the life of the fixed asset. Only a handful of listed South African industrial companies calculate depreciation on land and buildings. To enable comparison with other companies, this study project concentrated on fixed assets other than land and buildings. Depreciation of fixed assets and new fixed assets acquired, are seldomly split between land and buildings on the one hand, and other fixed assets on the other hand. As a result various amounts had to be split between the above two components. A number of practical problems emerged. Especially revaluation of fixed assets and subsidiaries bought and subsidiaries sold, created many problems. The amount of revaluation of fixed assets is normally given as a net amount, whereas the revaluation of the debit was required. Not enough information on specific assets when a subsidiary is bought or sold was supplied in the cash flow statement (and its forerunner the Statement of Source and Application of Funds). If information on fixed assets acquired was given, such information normally indicated book values, whereas cost prices were required. These three study projects resulted in an expansion of the original project. A much more detailed study had to be undertaken on revaluation. Furthermore, a complete reconciliation of both the accumulated depreciation and cost prices of other fixed assets must be done. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Addisionele waardevermindering behoort volgens RE201 van die Instituut van Geoktrooieerde Rekenmeesters bereken te word. Slegs 'n aantal industriële maatskappye in die RSA het hieraan gehoor gegee. Gevolglik moes die syfer vir die res van die industriële maatskappye beraam word. Sedert 1980 is die gemiddelde ouderdom van vaste bates deur die Nagraadse Bestuurskool van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch beraam aan die hand van die formule: Geakkumuleerde waardevermindering: Waardevermindering van die mees onlangse inkomstestaat. Die gebruik van hierdie formule het gelei tot foutiewe skattings van die gemiddelde ouderdom van vaste bates. Gevolglik is besluit om 'n ander metode te gebruik. In hierdie werkstuk (wat een van drie uitmaak) word addisionele waardevermindering van vaste bates nie meer bereken aan die hand van 'n gemiddelde ouderdom (of gemiddelde aanskafdatum) nie en 'n investeringsprofiel van vaste bates word daargestel. Die kosprys van vaste bates word dan jaarliks in verskillende jaarlae verdeel wat elk uit die kontantvloeistaat verkry is. Vir elke jaar word die jaarlaag se vervangingswaarde aan die hand van die Produksieprysindeks bereken . Die totaal van al die verskillende jaarlae word gesommeer om by die totale vervangingswaarde uit te kom. Addisionele waardevermindering raak dan die verskil tussen vervangingswaarde en oorspronklike kosprys, gedeel deur die leeftyd van die vaste bates. Aangesien slegs 'n klein persentasie van Suid-Afrikaanse genoteerde industriële maatskappye waardevermindering op grand en geboue afskryf, is slegs aandag geskenk aan ander vaste bates as grond en geboue ten einde onderlinge vergelykings tussen maatskappye te vergemaklik. Aangesien syfers vir waardevermindering van vaste bates en nuwe vaste bates gekoop heel dikwels nie onderskeid tref tussen grond en geboue aan die een kant, en ander vaste bates aan die ander kant nie, moes heelwat bedrae tussen die twee genoemde komponente geallokeer word. Heelwat praktiese probleme is ervaar. Veral herwaardasies van vaste bates en filiale gekoop en filiale verkoop het baie probleme veroorsaak. Die omvang van herwaardasies is gewoonlik 'n netto syfer terwyI die herwaardasie van die debiet benodig was. Verder was die inligting soos verskaf in die kontantvloeistaat (en voor dit die Staat van Bron en Aanwending van Fondse) dikwels onvolledig as dit kom by die verskaffing van besonderhede van watter items by die kosprys of verkoopprys van die filiaal ingesluit is. Waar inligting weI verskaf is ten opsigte van vaste bates, was dit gewoonlik slegs ten opsigte van boekwaardes, terwyl die kosprys van vaste bates verkry, inderdaad nodig was. Hierdie drie werkstukke het daartoe gelei dat die aanvanklike projek aansienlik uitgebrei moes word . Nie aIleen moet daar 'n baie meer omvattende ondersoek na herwaardasies gedoen word nie, maar ook 'n volledige rekonsiliasie van die jaarlikse geakkumuleerde waardevermindering. Hierbenewens moet die rekonsiliasie van die kosprys van vaste bates oak onderneem word.

Frågeställningar: Har införandet av komponentmetoden medfört skillnader i avskrivningar? Har implementeringen av komponentmetoden haft någon effekt på rörelseresultatet? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och beskriva förändringar i avskrivningar efter övergången till komponentmetoden. Vidare är syftet att undersöka om det skett effekter på bolagens rörelseresultat i samband med övergången till komponentavskrivning och K3. Metod: Denna studie tillämpar en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod där en granskning av siffror från avskrivningar i bolagens årsredovisningar har skett. Det statistiska testet ”Wilcoxon signedrank test for dependent populations” har använts för att analysera data.                                        Slutsats: Införandet av komponentavskrivning har medfört skillnader i avskrivningar på byggnader. Det har även medfört effekter på bolagens rörelseresultat där vissa av dem hade ett ökat resultat medan andra bolag hade ett minskat rörelseresultat. / Questions: Has the implementation of component depreciation resultedin differences in depreciation? Has the implementation of the component method had an impacton the operating result? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and describe changes in depreciations. The purpose is also to examine if there has become effectsin the financial reports operating profit in conjunction with transitioning to using component depreciation. Methodology: This study applies a quantitative research.Figures from depreciation in the companies’ annual reports have been studied. The statistical test ”Wilcoxon signed-rank test for dependent populations” has been applied to this study. Conclusion:The introduction of component depreciation has led to differences in depreciation. It hasalso resulted in effects on the operatingresultwhere some of the companies had increased profits, while others had reduced operating profits.

The way the economic reality is observed is essential in order to determine decision-making of economic subjects. The picture of economic reality drawn by accounting can be said to be either the true and fair, or biased. If the latter is the case, how much does that bias translate into the quality of economic decision-making? In summary, the paper analyzes whether accounting should provide the fair and true view whether it does, and how it affects the economic behavior when it does not on both micro-economic and macro-economic level. The arguments are built up on a logical structure rather taking a broader multidisciplinary approach to answer the previously stated questions.