[pt] Os municípios da Baixada Fluminense, região do estado do Rio de Janeiro, possuem áreas que combinam vulnerabilidade ambiental com vulnerabilidade social, formando áreas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. O objetivo desta investigação foi identificar e analisar a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da Baixada Fluminense (RJ) através de dois de seus municípios, São João de Meriti e Duque de Caxias, pela elaboração de um mapa síntese para cada território, chamado Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental, que integrou componentes socioeconômicas, de infraestrutura urbana, saúde e segurança pública utilizando a Análise Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão em ambiente de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Os resultados indicaram que as áreas de Alta e Muito Alta Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental estão ligadas à existência de moradias precárias, principalmente favelas, que contêm a maior parte da população vulnerável em ambos os municípios. Outro aspecto identificado como contribuidor para esse processo foi a proximidade com os corpos d água e a presença de zonas de sacrifício. As áreas de maior criticidade em São João de Meriti se encontram na porção leste do município, com déficit de saneamento básico e elevada suscetibilidade a inundações, tendo como bairro mais fragilizado Vilar dos Teles, que por sua vez concentra boa parte das favelas da cidade. Em Duque de Caxias, que teve o distrito de Campos Elíseos como área mais crítica, além das favelas também destacam-se negativamente suas condições inadequadas de saneamento básico e sua elevada diferenciação altimétrica que materializa um sistema de paisagens possuidor de áreas de risco, tanto de deslizamentos como de grandes inundações. / [en] The municipalities of Baixada Fluminense, region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, have areas that combine environmental vulnerability and social vulnerability, forming areas of socio-environmental vulnerability. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Baixada Fluminense (RJ) through two of its municipalities, São João de Meriti, and Duque de Caxias, through the elaboration of a synthesis map for each territory, called the Environmental Vulnerability Index, which integrated socioeconomic, urban infrastructure, health and public safety components, using Analytic Hierarchy Process in a Geographic Information System. The results indicated that the areas of High and Very High Socio-environmental Vulnerability are linked to the existence of precarious housing, mainly slums, which concentrate most of the vulnerable population in both municipalities. Another aspect identified as a contributor to this process was the proximity to drainage sections and the presence of sacrifice zones. The most critical areas of São João de Meriti are in the eastern part of the municipality, with a deficit of basic sanitation and high susceptibility to floods, with Vilar dos Teles being the most fragile neighborhood, which in turn concentrates a large part of the city s slums. In Duque de Caxias, which had the Campos Elíseos neighborhood as the most critical area, in addition to the slums, the inadequate conditions of basic sanitation and the great unevenness of the relief that materialize a landscape with areas at risk of large landslides and major floods.

No description available.

[ES] Las inundaciones pueden llegar a desestabilizar los vehículos y estos, a su vez, pueden exacerbar los efectos negativos de las inundaciones cuando son arrastrados por el flujo, generando no solamente pérdidas económicas sino también de vidas humanas. En las ciudades, la mayor parte de las muertes durante las inundaciones ocurre al interior de los vehículos debido a que los conductores intentan cruzar con sus vehículos por zonas inundadas (Jonkzman and Kelman 2005; Drobot et al. 2007; Kellar and Schmidlin 2012). En países desarrollados, un alto porcentaje de estas muertes ocurre durante inundaciones relámpago cuando los conductores intentan cruzar por zonas inundadas en lugar de evitarlas (Fitzgerald et al. 2010; Kellar y Schmidlin 2012). Debido a esto, en áreas sujetas a inundaciones relámpago, casi la mitad de las víctimas son pasajeros atrapados en sus vehículos (Versini et al. 2010a) Entre las partes de las vías que resultan afectadas por las crecidas de los ríos se encuentran los puentes, las cuales son obras de infraestructura muy importantes. Un alto porcentaje de los fallos de los puentes a nivel mundial se presenta debido a las crecidas de los ríos, lo cual tiene un impacto negativo en los vehículos y los sistemas de transporte. Debido a esto, con el fin de realizar una adecuada gestión de las inundaciones es necesario determinar el riesgo de inestabilidad al que están sometidos los vehículos en una zona inundable. Sin embargo, a pesar del impacto negativo de las inundaciones, hasta la fecha se dispone de pocos estudios que permitan determinar los efectos negativos que las condiciones climáticas generan sobre los sistemas de transporte (Molarius et al., 2014). En esta investigación se desarrolló una nueva metodología para calcular este riesgo a partir de las características de las crecidas, los puentes, los vehículos, y el tráfico vehicular. Esta metodología fue generada a partir de una estructura conceptual y un desarrollo matemático novedosos y permite determinar el riesgo a través de la integral estadística de la amenaza de inestabilidad y la vulnerabilidad de los coches. En áreas urbanas y en las intersecciones entre las corrientes de agua y las vías, la amenaza se establece a través de una función de estabilidad de autos parcialmente sumergidos, las características geométricas de los vehículos y las características hidrodinámicas de las crecidas (calados y velocidades) y su probabilidad de ocurrencia, mientras que la vulnerabilidad se calcula por medio de la combinación de la susceptibilidad y la exposición de los coches. En puentes, la peligrosidad se obtiene a través del análisis de los datos de caudal disponibles y la vulnerabilidad mediante el análisis del estado estructural del puente, las características de la cuenca y del cauce aguas arriba y aguas abajo de la estructura, la estabilidad del canal y la potencial acumulación de acarreos. La metodología desarrollada se implementó para determinar el riesgo en los siguientes casos de estudio, los cuales están localizados en territorio español: (i) en las áreas urbanas correspondientes a los municipios de Alfafar y Massanassa, (ii) en los sitios de intersección entre vías y ríos localizados en el municipio de Godelleta; y (iii) en 12 puentes fluviales. Los resultados obtenidos podrían estar indicando que el método propuesto tiene en cuenta los elementos más importantes que deben considerarse al establecer este tipo de riesgo. La metodología desarrollada permite obtener un panorama detallado del riesgo de desestabilización de los vehículos debido a inundaciones en una zona determinada. En consecuencia, la implementación de esta metodología puede ayudar a disminuir los efectos negativos antes y durante este tipo de eventos, resultando de gran ayuda para las entidades encargadas de la planificación urbana y de la protección civil con el fin de diseñar e implementar acciones que permitan disminu / [CAT] Les inundacions poden desestabilitzar els vehicles i aquests, al mateix temps, poden exacerbar els efectes negatius de les inundacions quan són arrossegats pel flux, generant no solament pèrdues econòmiques sinó també de vides humanes. A les ciutats, la major part de les morts durant les inundacions ocorre a l'interior dels vehicles pel fet que els conductors intenten creuar amb els seus vehicles per zones inundades (Jonkzman and Kelman 2005; Drobot et al. 2007; Kellar and Schmidlin 2012). En països desenvolupats, un alt percentatge d'aquestes morts ocorre durant inundacions llampec quan els conductors intenten creuar per zones inundades en lloc d'evitar-les (Fitzgerald et al. 2010; Kellar i Schmidlin 2012). A causa d'això, en àrees subjectes a inundacions llampec, quasi la meitat de les víctimes són passatgers atrapats en els seus propis vehicles (Versini et al. 2010a) Entre les parts de les vies que resulten afectades per les crescudes dels rius es troben els ponts, les quals són obres d'infraestructura molt importants. Un alt percentatge de les fallades dels ponts a nivell mundial es presenta com a conseqüència de les crescudes dels rius, la qual cosa té un impacte altament negatiu en els vehicles i els sistemes de transport.. A causa d'això, amb la finalitat de realitzar una adequada gestió de les inundacions és necessari determinar el risc d'inestabilitat al qual estan sotmesos els vehicles en una zona inundable. No obstant això, malgrat l'impacte negatiu de les inundacions, fins a la data es disposa de pocs estudis que permeten determinar els efectes negatius que les condicions climàtiques generen sobre els sistemes de transport (Molarius et al., 2014). En la present investigació es va desenvolupar una nova metodologia per a calcular aquest risc a partir de les característiques de les crescudes, els ponts, els vehicles, i el trànsit vehicular. Aquesta metodologia va ser generada a partir d'una estructura conceptual i un desenvolupament matemàtic nous i permet determinar el risc a través de la integral estadística de l'amenaça d'inestabilitat i la vulnerabilitat dels cotxes. En àrees urbanes i en les interseccions entre els corrents d'aigua i les vies, l'amenaça s'estableix a través d'una funció d'estabilitat de cotxes parcialment submergits, les característiques geomètriques dels vehicles i les característiques hidrodinàmiques de les crescudes (calats i velocitats) i la seua probabilitat d'ocurrència, mentre que la vulnerabilitat es calcula per mitjà de la combinació de la susceptibilitat i l'exposició dels cotxes. En ponts, la perillositat s'obté a través de l'anàlisi de les dades de cabal disponibles i la vulnerabilitat mitjançant l'anàlisi de l'estat estructural del pont, les característiques de la conca i del llit aigües amunt i aigües avall de l'estructura, l'estabilitat del canal i la potencial acumulació d'enderrocs. La metodologia desenvolupada es va implementar per a determinar el risc en els següents casos d'estudi, els quals estan localitzats en territori espanyol: (i) en les àrees urbanes corresponents als municipis d'Alfafar i Massanassa, (ii) en els llocs d'intersecció entre vies i rius localitzats en el municipi de Godelleta; i (iii) en 12 ponts fluvials. Els resultats obtinguts podrien estar indicant que el mètode proposat té en compte els elements més importants que han de considerar-se en establir aquest tipus de risc. La metodologia desenvolupada permet obtindre un panorama detallat del risc de desestabilització dels vehicles a causa d'inundacions en una zona determinada. En conseqüència, la implementació d'aquesta metodologia pot ajudar a disminuir els efectes negatius abans i durant aquesta mena d'esdeveniments, resultant de gran ajuda per a les entitats encarregades de la planificació urbana i de la protecció civil amb la finalitat de dissenyar i implementar accions que permeten disminuir els efectes negatius de les inundacions. / [EN] Flooding can destabilize vehicles which might, in turn, exacerbate the negative effects of floods when vehicles are swept away by flows, leading to economic loss and fatalities. The main cause of death in cities during flood events corresponds to cars being swept away when they are driven by flooded roads (Jonkzman and Kelman 2005; Drobot et al. 2007; Kellar and Schmidlin 2012). In developed countries a high percentage of these deaths occurs during flash floods when drivers try to cross overflowing water bodies instead of avoiding them (Fitzgerald et al. 2010; Kellar and Schmidlin 2012). Hence, in areas subject to flash floods almost half of the victims are passengers trapped inside their own vehicles (Versini et al. 2010a). Among the parts of the roads that are most affected by floods are bridges, which are very important infrastructure works for society. Because of this, a high percentage of bridge failures worldwide occur as a result of river floods, which has highly negative impacts for vehicles and transportation systems. Therefore, in order to suitably manage floods, it is necessary to determine the risk of instability to which vehicles in flood-prone areas are subject. However, Despite the negative impact of floods, very few studies have centred on determining the negative effects of floods on transport systems (Molarius et al., 2014). In this research, a new methodology to estimate this risk based on the characteristics of vehicles, floods, bridges and vehicular traffic was developed. This methodology was generated from a novel conceptual structure and mathematical development and allows to determine the risk by the statistical integral of the instability hazard and the vehicles' vulnerability. In urban areas and stream crossings, the hazard is determined by a stability criterion of partially submerged cars, the geometric characteristics of the vehicles and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the floods (depths and velocities) and their probability of occurrence, while vulnerability is calculated by combining the susceptibility and exposure of cars. In bridges, the hazard is obtained by analysing available discharge data and the vulnerability by examining the structural condition of the bridge, the characteristics of the watershed and watercourse upstream and downstream of the structure, the stability of the channel and the potential accumulation of debris. The developed methodology was implemented to determine the risk in the following case studies, which are located in Spanish territory: (i) in the urban areas corresponding to the towns of Alfafar and Massanassa; (ii) in the stream crossings located in the municipality of Godelleta; and (iii) in 12 river bridges located. The results obtained could be indicating that the proposed method takes into account the most important elements to be considered when establishing this type of risk. The developed methodology provides a detailed vision of the vehicle instability risk due to flooding in a given area. Consequently, implementing this methodology can help to reduce negative effects before and during flooding events, which is extremely helpful for those organizations in charge of urban planning and civil protection to design and take actions that cushion the negative effects of flooding. / I thank Colciencias for financing this research through call 728-2015. / Bocanegra Vinasco, RA. (2020). Evaluation of the risk due to fluvial flooding in vehicles and road infrastructures at basin scale [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/157654

[ES] El riesgo representa uno de los descriptores paradigmáticos de nuestra actualidad. Las crecientes modificaciones en los procesos y ordenamientos naturales se reflejan en los fenómenos naturales. En este contexto, las inundaciones representan hoy en día la primera causa de catástrofes en el mundo, afectando las sociedades en su bienestar y los elementos que representan su desarrollo y valores. La arquitectura es una de las expresiones más evocativas de los valores e identidad de una comunidad. Las formas tradicionales, como la arquitectura de tierra, constituyen una parte de los lenguajes expresivos e identitarios de cada cultura. El actual incremento de inundaciones amenaza este patrimonio cultural que, por sus características higrométricas, resulta particularmente susceptible a la acción del agua. La presente tesis surge de la necesidad de conservar el patrimonio construido en tierra frente a las inundaciones. Para ello se plantea una metodología de evaluación del riesgo basada en la relación entre peligrosidad, exposición y vulnerabilidad, implementando una matriz de análisis que tiene en cuenta las peculiaridades de las construcciones de tierra, elaborada a partir de la caracterización de la arquitectura de tierra de la Península Ibérica. Su aplicación a 276 edificios distribuidos en cuatro cuencas hidrográficas ha permitido calcular el nivel de riesgo individual de cada elemento analizado en función de tres periodos de retorno (10, 100 y 500 años) y destacar la influencia de sus características intrínsecas, así como de los fenómenos de degradación. Finalmente, se proponen una serie de estrategias para la mitigación del riesgo y la conservación de la arquitectura de tierra expuesta a las inundaciones. Así, la metodología de evaluación propuesta se convierte en un elemento de conexión entre las condiciones del presente y la incertidumbre de los escenarios futuros. En este sentido, esta investigación se configura como una de las posibles claves de interpretación del problema de la afección de las inundaciones a la arquitectura de tierra. / [CA] El risc representa un dels descriptors paradigmàtics de la nostra actualitat. Les creixents modificacions en els processos i ordenaments naturals es reflecteixen en els fenòmens naturals. En aquest context, les inundacions representen en l'actualitat la primera causa de catàstrofes al món, afectant les societats en el seu benestar i els elements que representen el seu desenvolupament i valors. L'arquitectura és una de les expressions més evocatives dels valors i identitat d'una comunitat. Les formes tradicionals, com l'arquitectura de terra, constitueixen una part dels llenguatges expressius i identitaris de cada cultura. L'actual increment d'inundacions amenaça aquest patrimoni cultural que, per les seues característiques higromètriques, resulta particularment susceptible a l'acció de l'aigua. Aquesta tesi sorgeix de la necessitat de conservar el patrimoni construït en terra davant de les inundacions. Per a fer front a aquesta necessitat es planteja una metodologia d'avaluació del risc basada en la relació entre perillositat, exposició i vulnerabilitat, implementant una matriu d'anàlisi que té en compte les peculiaritats de les construccions de terra, elaborada a partir de la caracterització de l'arquitectura de terra de la Península Ibèrica. La seua aplicació a 276 edificis distribuïts en quatre conques hidrogràfiques ha permés calcular el nivell de risc individual de cada element analitzat en funció de tres períodes de retorn (10, 100 i 500 anys) i destacar la influència de les seues característiques intrínseques, així com dels fenòmens de degradació. Finalment, es proposen una sèrie d'estratègies per a la mitigació del risc i la conservació de l'arquitectura de terra exposada a les inundacions. Així, la metodologia d'avaluació proposada es converteix en un element de connexió entre les condicions del present i la incertesa d'escenaris futurs. En aquest sentit, la present investigació es configura com una de les possibles claus d'interpretació del problema de l'afecció de les inundacions a l'arquitectura de terra. / [EN] Risk represents one of the paradigmatic descriptors of our time. Increasing changes in natural processes are reflected in natural phenomena. In this context, floods represent the first cause of catastrophes in the world, affecting societies and the elements that represent their development and values. Architecture is one of the most evocative expressions of a community's values and identity. Traditional forms, such as earthen architecture, constitute part of each culture's expressive and identity languages. The current increase in flooding threatens this cultural heritage which is particularly susceptible to the action of water due to its hygrometric characteristics. This thesis arises from the need to preserve the heritage built on land against floods. To this end, a risk assessment methodology based on the relationship between hazard, exposure and vulnerability is proposed, implementing an analysis matrix that considers the peculiarities of earthen constructions, elaborated from the characterization of the earthen architecture of the Iberian Peninsula. Its application to 276 buildings distributed in four river basins has made it possible to calculate the individual risk level of each element analyzed according to three return periods (10, 100 and 500 years) and highlight the influence of its intrinsic characteristics, as well as deterioration phenomena. Finally, risk mitigation strategies and conservation actions for flood-exposed earth architecture are proposed. Thus, the proposed evaluation methodology becomes an element of connection between the present state and the uncertainty of future scenarios. This research is configured as one of the possible keys to interpreting the problem of the effect of floods on earthen architecture. / Trizio, F. (2023). La afección de las inundaciones en la arquitectura de tierra de la Península Ibérica: causas, riesgos y estrategias de protección [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195026

Natural flow regimes are critical for sustaining biodiversity and river integrity. Floods and droughts form an important component of river systems and control population sizes and species diversity across space and time. Modification of flow regimes, including disruption of the timing, magnitude and duration of flooding, is a global problem, and many new impoundments are planned for large river-floodplain ecosystems in the tropics. Flow modifications may cause dramatic non-linear responses in population sizes and have lasting effects through time, but such topics are poorly investigated over multi-year scales, especially in highly diverse tropical ecosystems. Using a long-term dataset from the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, I tested for threshold and legacy effects of fish assemblages to flood attributes, such as timing, magnitude, duration, rate of change and variation. Specifically, I hypothesized that long duration, high magnitude floods would elicit threshold responses in long-distance migratory fish species and these responses result in significant legacy effects detectable over multiple years. Consistent positive threshold responses to increasing flood duration and magnitude were detected for many species and not significantly correlated with reproductive guilds. Legacy effects were prevalent (i.e. identified for more than 90% of species) and including flood attributes from previous years increased variance explained in species abundances by 15-20% compared to contemporary flood attributes alone. Contrary to my hypotheses, flood duration did not elicit strong legacy effects and species from the same reproductive guild did not have similar legacy effects models. The prevalence of legacy effects across almost all species in this diverse study system highlights the need to consider such dynamics in other systems. My results provide targets for management and conservation actions, such as environmental flow releases from upstream reservoirs. Environmental flows releases may play a significant role in sustainability of the floodplain and other tropical floodplain ecosystems affected by impoundments.

La théorie statistique univariée des valeurs extrêmes se généralise au cas multivarié mais l'absence d'un cadre paramétrique naturel complique l'inférence de la loi jointe des extrêmes. Les marges d'erreur associée aux estimateurs non paramétriques de la structure de dépendance sont difficilement accessibles à partir de la dimension trois. Cependant, quantifier l'incertitude est d'autant plus important pour les applications que le problème de la rareté des données extrêmes est récurrent, en particulier en hydrologie. L'objet de cette thèse est de développer des modèles de dépendance entre extrêmes, dans un cadre bayésien permettant de représenter l'incertitude. Le chapitre 2 explore les propriétés des modèles obtenus en combinant des modèles paramétriques existants, par mélange bayésien (Bayesian Model Averaging BMA). Un modèle semi-paramétrique de mélange de Dirichlet est étudié au chapitre suivant : une nouvelle paramétrisation est introduite afin de s'affranchir d'une contrainte de moments caractéristique de la structure de dépendance et de faciliter l'échantillonnage de la loi à posteriori. Le chapitre 4 est motivé par une application hydrologique : il s'agit d'estimer la structure de dépendance spatiale des crues extrêmes dans la région cévenole des Gardons en utilisant des données historiques enregistrées en quatre points. Les données anciennes augmentent la taille de l'échantillon mais beaucoup de ces données sont censurées. Une méthode d'augmentation de données est introduite, dans le cadre du mélange de Dirichlet, palliant l'absence d'expression explicite de la vraisemblance censurée. Les conclusions et perspectives sont discutées au chapitre 5 / Uni-variate extreme value theory extends to the multivariate case but the absence of a natural parametric framework for the joint distribution of extremes complexifies inferential matters. Available non parametric estimators of the dependence structure do not come with tractable uncertainty intervals for problems of dimension greater than three. However, uncertainty estimation is all the more important for applied purposes that data scarcity is a recurrent issue, particularly in the field of hydrology. The purpose of this thesis is to develop modeling tools for the dependence structure between extremes, in a Bayesian framework that allows uncertainty assessment. Chapter 2 explores the properties of the model obtained by combining existing ones, in a Bayesian Model Averaging framework. A semi-parametric Dirichlet mixture model is studied next : a new parametrization is introduced, in order to relax a moments constraint which characterizes the dependence structure. The re-parametrization significantly improves convergence and mixing properties of the reversible-jump algorithm used to sample the posterior. The last chapter is motivated by an hydrological application, which consists in estimating the dependence structure of floods recorded at four neighboring stations, in the ‘Gardons’ region, southern France, using historical data. The latter increase the sample size but most of them are censored. The lack of explicit expression for the likelihood in the Dirichlet mixture model is handled by using a data augmentation framework

Este é um trabalho sobre as enchentes e as infraestruturas de drenagem na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Ele apresenta sua evolução histórica, na forma determinada pela submissão das diretrizes de drenagem aos interesses específicos no aproveitamento do potencial hidrelétrico das águas, na exploração capitalista do espaço de suas margens e na destinação de recursos de saneamento para a abertura de avenidas de fundo de vale. O trabalho observa que através deste processo a capacidade de escoamento das cheias na rede foi mantida em patamares abaixo do necessário, especialmente para atender vazões decorrentes do padrão de expansão da aglomeração, que resultaram em uma alta taxa de impermeabilização do solo e na paulatina ocupação das várzeas. O trabalho analisa a atuação do Estado e o desenvolvimento de diferentes programas de combate às inundações e planos de obra, focando a elaboração do Plano Diretor de Macrodrenagem, a partir de 1998. Então, é verificada a forma como os planos urbanísticos do município de São Paulo e das subprefeituras responderam às soluções propostas no plano de drenagem e os resultados obtidos até o momento com as obras de macrodrenagem. Conclui que a descontinuidade das soluções, a fragmentação das estâncias de planejamento e a ausência de uma unidade metropolitana de fato impedem que se estabeleçam soluções mais eficazes e, especialmente, que garantam a qualificação do espaço construído, levando em conta não apenas a demanda metropolitana pelo serviço prestado, mas também os aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. / This paper focuses on floods and the drainage infrastructure in São Paulo Metropolitan Area. Firstly, it presents its evolution pointing out how economical interests in generating hydroeletric energy as well as in releasing new urban land prevailed over the initial drainage guidelines. It was also observed that confining streams within roads constrained its capacity to a low level to cope with growing peakflows demanded by the expansion of urban area which has led to increasing impervious surface rate. This was compounded by a gradual, but continuous, occupation of floodplains. State actions to deal with the above issues were analysed. Several flood control programs were developed leading to the 1998 Alto Tietê Watershed Macrodrainage Plan proposals. Then, these are studied in the light of how São Paulo\'s urban plans approached this subject, comparing their proposals with works built so far and the consequent outcomes. It is concluded that three main factors prevented that effective solution could come true: discontinuity of approaches, fragmentation of urban planning boards and lack of an actual metropolitan authority. Indeed, concerning drainage system, before these are overcome, many people still will long for urban improvement regarding social, economical and environmental aspects.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-14T12:35:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Diniz Nobre.pdf: 8752716 bytes, checksum: 0384394d3b13fc535589a79bb83821c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T12:35:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Diniz Nobre.pdf: 8752716 bytes, checksum: 0384394d3b13fc535589a79bb83821c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research had as its object of study, the memories of the population of São Luiz do Paraitinga, a city on the first day of the year of 2010, was the scene of the biggest disaster in your protected area cultural value in the history of Brazil. The historic centre of the city was devastated by the worst ever recorded in Rio Paraitinga full. In the set of 426 listed buildings in the town, 65 were seriously damaged and 16 of them, totally ruined. Among the hit/destroyed are the main symbols of the city: the Church of Saint Louis of Toulouse, 19TH century; the simple Chapel of our Lady of mercy, from the beginning of the 18TH century and the left of the old School, "buildings that were part of one of the most important remaining facades of planning sets shown in the Country. The actions that guided the development of this thesis were: the identification and analysis of the memories of the luizenses who have experienced the "flood of new year's eve of 2010" and contribution of these memories in the reconstruction of the city. Justify the conduct of the study, to the extent that was possible for researchers to contribute with the rescue and recovery of personal and collective memories of that community, intangible heritage, as significant and relevant as or more than the tangible and in particular ressaltarem, what you have achieved with each day's work for the reconstruction of the city. The use of Oral history-like methodology – linked to photographic sources allowed us to a better understanding and understanding of the fundamental moments of subjectivism in the history of the city, making the past from reinterpretations of a motivating situation fully differentiated, which was is the process of reconstruction / Nessa pesquisa, objetivamos estudar as memórias da população de São Luiz do Paraitinga, cidade que, no primeiro dia do ano de 2010, tornou-se palco do maior desastre em área protegida, por seu valor cultural, na história do Brasil. O Centro Histórico da cidade foi arrasado pela pior cheia do Rio Paraitinga já registrada. No conjunto dos 426 imóveis tombados no município, 65 foram seriamente danificados e 16 deles, totalmente arruinados. Dentre os atingidos/destruídos estavam os principais símbolos da cidade: a Igreja Matriz de São Luís de Tolosa, do século XIX; a singela Capela de Nossa Senhora das Mercês, do início do século XVIII; e o sobrado do antigo “Grupo Escolar”, edificações que integravam um dos mais importantes conjuntos de fachadas remanescentes do planejamento ilustrado do País. As ações que orientaram a elaboração de nossa tese consistiram em: identificar e analisar as memórias dos luizenses que vivenciaram a “enchente do réveillon de 2010” e a contribuição destas memórias na reconstrução da cidade. Justificamos a realização do estudo, na medida em que nos tornou possível contribuir com o resgate e a valorização das memórias pessoais e coletivas dessa comunidade, patrimônio imaterial tão significativo e relevante quanto ou mais que o tangível, o que, de modo particular os fez ressaltar o que se tem conquistado a cada dia de trabalho na reconstrução do município. Utilizamos a História Oral como metodologia vinculando-a a fontes fotográficas, o que nos permitiu compreender melhor os momentos fundamentais de subjetivismo dentro da história da cidade, possibilitando reinterpretações do passado a partir de uma situação motivadora totalmente diferenciada: o processo de reconstrução da cidade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jussara Spolaor.pdf: 3049493 bytes, checksum: f69a694c1bb74c72af6b2c45af7f8244 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Blumenau is a city placed in Médio Vale do Itajaí Santa Catarina, which copes with floods since before its settlement, in the XIX century. Following the city development, problems related to floods and landslides, which are both matters of governmental and communitarian attention appeared. This Master s dissertation focuses on the construction of a disaster risk culture based on governmental and communitarian actions in order to manage these events in Blumenau. We have adopted as our theoretical approach the notion of governamentality (FOCAULT, 1978 [2008]), risk society (BECK, 1986 [2010]) and risk management (SPINK, 2001). In order to understand governmental and communitarian actions during the floods in 2008 and 2011, we have used a local circulation periodic named Jornal de Santa Catarina. The analysis was based on the covers of Jornal de Santa Catarina where we focused on how the media presented the two floods, and on news articles of General and Special editorials of this periodic, where we focused on the construction of a disaster risk culture. On a chronological perspective we focused on the covers used in the first month and on news articles published during the first week after each event. The results suggest a transformation from a disaster culture, guided by the inevitability of the events and action post-disaster, to a disaster risk culture, which praises prevention. They also suggest that the meanings constructed for the characterization of the disaster are defined, overall, by the environmental and human impacts, as well as influences on the city routine. Amongst the official actors, the results suggest an increse in governmental participation between 2008 and 2011, specifically in relation to the City Hall and the Civil Defense. In regards to the local organization, the voluntary intent actions started to be managed by the government in 2011, with little attention given to the point of view of the people directly affected by the disasters (victims) in the two analyzed periods. The results lead us to think that the construction of a disaster risk culture has as focus the management of the hazards by the governmental bodies, which have as object the maintenance of conditions of normalization on the city s routine, including the transition of management from local communitarian actions to the governmental bodies / Blumenau é uma cidade situada no Médio Vale do Itajaí, em Santa Catarina, que convive com enchentes desde antes de sua colonização, no século XIX. Com o desenvolvimento da cidade, emergem problemas em relação às enchentes e deslizamentos de terra, os quais são objeto de atuação governamental e comunitária. Esta dissertação tem como enfoque a construção de cultura de risco de desastre segundo as atuações governamentais e comunitárias para o enfrentamento desses acontecimentos na cidade de Blumenau. Adotamos como aporte teórico a noção de governamentalidade (FOCAULT, 1978[2008]), de sociedade de risco (BECK, 1986[2010]) e de gestão de riscos (SPINK, 2001). Para tanto, utilizamos o Jornal de Santa Catarina, de circulação local, para o entendimento das atuações governamentais e comunitárias durante as enchentes ocorridas em 2008 e 2011. A análise da pesquisa teve como enfoque a visibilidade midiática sobre as duas enchentes, a partir de análises das capas do Jornal de Santa Catarina; a construção da cultura de risco de desastre pela análise de reportagens das editoriais Geral e Especial. Nosso recorte temporal focou nas capas utilizadas no primeiro mês e nas reportagens veiculadas durante a primeira semana, nos dois acontecimentos. Os resultados sugerem a transformação de uma cultura de desastre orientada pela inevitabilidade dos eventos e ação pós-desastre para uma cultura de risco de desastres, a qual preconiza a prevenção. Também sugerem que os sentidos construídos para caracterização de desastre são definidos, sobretudo, pelos impactos ambientais, humanos e da rotina da cidade. Dentre os atores oficiais, os resultados sugerem maior organização governamental de 2008 a 2011, especificamente em relação à prefeitura e à Defesa Civil. Sobre a organização local, as ações de cunho voluntário passam a ser geridas pelos atores oficiais, no ano de 2011, com pouco destaque para o ponto de vista das pessoas diretamente atingidas pelos desastres (vítimas) nos dois períodos analisados. Os resultados nos conduzem a pensar que a construção de uma cultura de risco de desastre tem como foco a gestão dos riscos pelos órgãos governamentais, a qual tem como objeto a manutenção de condições de normalização sobre o cotidiano da cidade, incluindo a passagem das ações comunitárias locais a serem geridas pelos órgãos governamentais

Alluvial river channels are self-formed by the sediment-laden flow that is supplied to them from upstream and the interactions between this flow and the materials forming the channel bed and banks. Thus, any changes in the volumes of solid and liquid discharge or the resistance of the boundary materials can produce adjustments in the form of river channels over time. These shifts may increase or decrease the capacity of a channel to contain flood flows. However, despite a wealth of studies on the average geometry of river channels across different scales and climatic regimes, there has not yet been a systematic assessment of the rates and controls of trends in channel form. Using a combination of USGS data, including manual field measurements and mean daily streamflow data at hundreds of stream gages, this work is the first attempt to quantify how trends in channel geometry develop over decadal timescales and how they contribute to shifts in flood hazard, in comparison with trends in streamflow. Findings reveal that two-thirds of all channel cross-sections studied exhibit significant trends in channel geometry. The majority of the investigated US river channels are eroding, with widening and deepening trends partially offset by decreases in average flow velocity. Rates of change are principally controlled by the channel size. Although large channels develop larger trends, changes are proportionally greater in small channels in percentage terms. A secondary major control is hydrology: rates of change in channel geometry are heightened by the variability and flashiness of flow regimes. Finally, results show that changing flood frequencies can only be accurately quantified when both hydrologic and geomorphic trends are accounted for, and that flood hazard is significantly increasing across the studied sites. These documented trends in channel geometry, hydraulics, and flood hazard have important implications for the management of alluvial channels, navigation, and riverside infrastructure.