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Conservação da biodiversidade, cultivo e produção de erva-mate no município de São Mateus do Sul - Paraná / Biodiversity conservation, cultivation and production of yerba-mate in the municipality of São Mateus do Sul - PRLuiz, Ricardo Gomes 15 December 2017 (has links)
A conservação da biodiversidade é objeto de um acordo internacional promovido pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), a qual registra a redução da diversidade de espécies e ecossistemas em todo o Planeta. O Brasil é signatário da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica desde 1994. Sua responsabilidade se estende por biomas como a Amazônia, Pantanal, Cerrado, Caatinga, Campos Sulinos e a Mata Atlântica, além das áreas marinhas. Esta dissertação está inserida no contexto da Floresta com Araucária, situada no sul do Brasil. Associada à Mata Atlântica, ali ocorrem árvores pinheiros, imbuias, ipês, canelas e a erva-mate, além de uma variada fauna. Em processo de trocas de áreas de floresta por áreas de cultivo, há necessidade de se criar estratégias para conservar as áreas remanescentes, como é o caso daquelas existentes no município de São Mateus do Sul-PR. As argumentações para embasar este contexto de perda de biodiversidade e das externalidades provêm dos estudos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, os quais desenvolvem conceitos relevantes para estabelecer as relações entre as ações humanas e a manutenção da biodiversidade. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar os conflitos, as contradições e consensos que interferem na conservação da diversidade biológica e nas formas de cultivo da ervamate produzida no município de São Mateus do Sul-PR. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e bibliográfica. Os procedimentos metodológicos recorrem à análise da percepção e coleta de dados por meio de observação, entrevistas e depoimentos. Na perspectiva da conservação da biodiversidade da Floresta com Araucária com a qualidade do produto da erva-mate cultivado na região, com base em comportamentos conflituosos e contraditórios, empresas e produtores fizeram associações técnicas e científicas não satisfatórias para as expectativas da dissertação. Porém, existem contribuições e potencialidades de acordos e consensos dos atores e de conceitos dos estudos CTS que permitiram criar diferentes olhares para o pesquisador sobre seu objeto de estudo. Logo, o levantamento e análise de dados foram veículos de abertura para adentrar em ponderações entre sobrevivência e respeito ao meio ambiente. Deste modo, conclui-se que existe continuamente uma construção social dos atores que pode trazer à tona outros conceitos que contrastam com o determinismo e a utopia dos ganhos e perdas. / The conservation of biodiversity is an issue of an international agreement promoted by the United Nations, which records the reduction of diversity of species and ecosystems throughout the planet. Brazil has been a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity since 1994. Its responsibility extends to biomes such as the Amazon, Pantanal, Cerrado, Caatinga, Campos Sulinos and the Atlantic Forest, in addition to marine areas. This dissertation is inserted in the context of the Araucaria Forest, located in the south of Brazil. Associated with the Atlantic Forest, in this ecosystem there are trees like araucaria-pine, imbuias, ipês, canelas and yerba-mate, besides a varied fauna. In the process of exchanging forest for cultivated areas, it is necessary to create strategies to conserve the remaining areas, as is the case of those existing in the municipality of São Mateus do Sul, in Paraná State. The arguments to support this context of loss of biodiversity and externalities come from the Science, Technology and Society (STS) studies, which develop relevant concepts to establish the relations between human actions and the maintenance of biodiversity. The general objective of the study is to analyze the conflicts, contradictions and consensuses that interfere in the conservation of the biological diversity and in the forms of cultivation of yerba mate produced in the municipality of São Mateus do Sul. The research is qualitative, descriptive and bibliographic. The methodological procedures use the analysis of perception and data collection through observation, interviews and testimonials. In the perspective of the conservation of the biodiversity of the Araucaria Forest with the quality of the yerba-mate cultivated in the region, based on conflicting and contradictory behaviors, companies and producers made technical and scientific associations not satisfactory to the expectations of the dissertation. However, there are contributions and potentialities of agreements and consensus of the actors and concepts of the STS studies that allowed to create different looks for the researcher about his object of study. Therefore, the data collection and analysis were opening fields to enter into considerations between survival and respect for the environment. In this way, it is concluded that there is a continuous social construction of actors that can bring to light other concepts that contrast with the determinism and utopia of gains and losses.
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O valor econômico do carbono emitido pelo processo de desmatamento da Amazônia como instrumento de conservação florestalLamarca Junior, Mariano Rua 27 September 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / We analyse in the this work the causes of deforestation of the Legal Amazonia
and the environment subject present in the public policies for the region, including the
Public Forests Management Law (Law 11.284/06), approved with the goal of
regulating public forests management in Brazil and promoting the sustainable
development. We discuss the Kyoto Protocol´s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
problem regarding forest conservation.
Through a hypothetical scenario of zero deforestation and 100% of the not
emitted carbon linked to forest conservation projects, we calculate that an economic
revenue equivalent to the logging activities could be obtained, contributing to the
maintenance of the climatic equilibrium because of the reduced Greenhouse Gases
emissions, as well as keeping preserved the biodiversity and environment services
values related to the standing forest.
Nevertheless, appropriate regulations should be planned and implemented to
achieve the desired goal, and the solution proposed in this work is in the convergence of
the international laws regulating carbon markets and the native tropical forests
protection laws / Analisamos neste trabalho as causas de desmatamento da Amazônia Legal e a
questão ambiental presente nas políticas públicas para a região, incluindo a Lei de
Gestão de Florestas Públicas (Lei 11.284/06), sancionada com o objetivo de
regulamentar a gestão de florestas públicas no Brasil e promover o desenvolvimento
sustentável. Discutimos o problema do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL)
do Protocolo de Kyoto na questão da conservação florestal.
Através de um cenário hipotético de desmatamento zero e 100% do carbono
não emitido vinculado a projetos de conservação florestal, calculamos que uma receita
econômica equivalente à da exploração madeireira poderia ser obtida, contribuindo para
a manutenção do equilíbrio climático pela reduzida emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa,
bem como mantendo preservados os valores da biodiversidade e dos serviços
ambientais relacionados à floresta em pé (não derrubada).
Entretanto, marcos regulatórios adequados devem ser planejados e
implementados para atingir o objetivo desejado, e a solução proposta neste trabalho
situa-se na convergência das leis internacionais de regulação dos mercados de carbono e
das leis de proteção das florestas tropicais nativas
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Etude de la variabilité génétique et de la phylogéographie de Santiria trimera (Burseraceae): implications pour une conservation durable des forêts humides d'Afrique / Study of the genetic variability and the phylogeography of Santiria trimera (Burseraceae): implications for a sustainable conservation of African rainforestsKoffi, Kouamé Guillaume 22 November 2010 (has links)
La phylogéographie intègre l’information géographique et génétique pour inférer l’histoire démographique et les processus évolutifs des espèces. La présente étude recherche à travers les patrons de différenciation de l’ADN chloroplastique (ADNcp) au sein de Santiria trimera (Oliv.) H.J.LAM ex AUBR. [Emend. ONANA] la reconstitution d’une histoire des végétations des écosystèmes de forêts tropicales humides d’Afrique. Le modèle S. trimera est un arbre dioïque endémique des forêts humides d’Afrique dont les drupes sont dispersées par les primates et les oiseaux. Les formes morphologiques de ce modèle sont très variables et suscitent la délicate question de délimitation des espèces.<p>\ / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Motivations and incentives for pro-environmental behaviour : the case of silvopasture adoption in the tropical forest frontierZabala, Aiora January 2015 (has links)
On the frontier of biodiversity-rich tropical forests, how land is used has an important role in buffering the primary ecosystem. Unsustainable small-scale cattle farming endangers soil quality and degrades the landscape. Silvopasture is a type of agroforestry that provides both ecological and livelihood benefits. A number of projects have been implemented across the tropics to encourage silvopasture adoption, with varying success. This dissertation questions the reasons for variable outcomes among participants within these projects: what motivates smallholders to adopt innovative land-use practices, and what form of incentives may help to overcome obstacles and catalyse adoption. This dissertation contributes to the ongoing debate on payments for ecosystem services, specifically about their suitability and effectiveness. To understand what influences decisions to adopt sustainable land-use practices, I review systematically and quantitatively the literature on adoption predictors, and I empirically analyse participation and short-term adoption in a pilot project for planting fodder trees in the border of a protected forest in Chiapas, Mexico, using primary and secondary data. I focus on subjective perspectives and livelihood strategies of actual and potential participants as explanatory variables, which have received unduly scarce attention in past studies. This lack of attention is partially caused by the difficulties of operationalising internal variables. I address this challenge by developing an analytical approach that increases the precision of the resulting perspectives in Q methodology. I cluster livelihood strategies and model adoption. This in-depth case-study suggests the type of incentives that are adequate to encourage adoption of sustainable land-use practices. Results indicate that payments may not be the best incentive for pioneer adopters, and that the adoption process is composed of separate individual steps, which are influenced distinctly by identifiable predictors, such as livelihood diversity. Uncovering this heterogeneity of motivations towards adoption provides useful knowledge for designing more effective external policy interventions.
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Wissensgestütztes Beobachtungs- und Evaluierungssystem der Landnutzung / Bewertung des Erhaltungszustandes des Ökosystems im Einflussbereich einer Gaspipeline in Bolivien / Knowledge-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System of Land Use / Assessing the Ecosystem Conservation Status in the Influence Area of a Gas Pipeline in BoliviaGorrín Manzuli, Arnélida 07 November 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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