In this paper we build on the liability of foreignness concept and the institutional perspective to show how an equity listing and subsidiary formations in the host market are interlinked. Using a matched sample of foreign equity-listed and domestic equity-listed European firms on EU-regulated capital markets, we find that (1) the number of prior host-market subsidiary formations increases the probability of a host-market equity listing, and (2) a prior host-market equity listing increases the number of host-market subsidiary formations. Hence, we identify spillover effects between factor market and capital market strategies. However, the extent of these spillover effects depends on institutional characteristics of the host market, where companies on smaller markets gain higher spillover effects. We contribute to international management and finance research by providing factor market strategies as a valuable source to overcome capital market liabilities of foreignness and capital market strategies as a valuable source to overcome factor market liabilities of foreignness.

Ce projet de thèse en Sciences du Langage entend s'intéresser aux discours qui concernent le corps des intersexes. Il s’agit de se pencher sur les discours de la construction corporelle et identitaire chez les personnes intersexes dans la mesure où leurs sexes peuvent difficilement correspondre aux catégories du sexe binaire. Si l’on considère que le sexe et le genre sont construits discursivement selon un processus de différenciation sexuelle, il semble alors pertinent de s’attacher aux formations discursives qui entourent ces corps non-normés. En prenant pour appui un corpus hétérogène d’articles et d’ouvrages médicaux, de prises de parole médiatiques et informelles de personnes intersexes, il sera question d’analyser les processus discursifs qui permettent de produire une identité sexuée. Plus largement il s’agira de dégager une matrice discursive de la construction normée des genres qui passe par un dispositif d’essentialisation de la différence sexuelle. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’identifier les structures discursives qui servent à construire des identités sexuées binaires et à naturaliser la différence des genres. Je m’intéresserai aux discours médicaux pour montrer comment ils se situent face aux variations sexuelles et quelles sont les idéologies qui les sous-tendent ; cela me permettra de montrer en quoi ils reflètent et ils produisent une vision dichotomique des sexes. Il s’agira également de montrer comment les intersexes se situent face aux discours qui essentialisent et binarisent les sexes et éventuellement comment ils les déjouent. Il me semble en effet que la construction du genre chez les intersexes est rendue difficile par les stéréotypes sexuels, et qu’étudier les discours qu’ils.elles produisent sur leur(s) identité(s) peut servir à dégager en creux les processus langagiers qui stabilisent la division des sexes. / This thesis discusses how discourses on variations of sex development (intersexuality) couldsometimes produce and maintain a difference between the sexes and sometimes destabilize it.Elaborated within the field of discourse analysis, this thesis unfolds along a twofold theoreticalapproach. First, I seek to establish a dialogue between French Discourse Analysis and GenderStudies, to discuss the concepts of ideology, discursive formations and preconstruct. Secondly,addressing issues of the practices of categorisation and of construction of gender identities, thisdissertation falls within the field of the Gender & Language Studies. My analysis especiallyfocuses on how speakers use semantic, lexical, enunciative and pragmatic resources in order toproduce the meaning of sex. It led me to analyze how they create gender identities but alsohow they produce, spread and contest the ideologies of gender, by both naturalizing anddenaturalizing the sex difference. These analyses are based on a collection of medicaldiscourses (publications, children’s medical files), a collection of on-line activist discourses (fromforums and associations websites), and a collection of pornographic discourse involving atypicalsexes. Carrying qualitative analysis, the dissertation shows that the meanings of sex areunceasingly done and undone through discourses: they are produced by heteronormativity,they are affirmed or subverted by subjective positions, and they are reconfigured in thediscourses of desire.

The Ediacaran in Uruguay preserves a unique record of deposits generated during the assembly of the palaeocontinent Gondwana and concurrent with major changes in the atmosphere and oceans, and the rise of animal life. Recent studies have suggested that the deep oceans remained anoxic and highly ferruginous throughout the Ediacaran and possibly into the Cambrian. Unfortunately, acceptance of this idea has been hindered by the virtual absence of iron formations (IF). Detailed studies of Ediacaran IF in Uruguay confirm that ferruginous conditions dominated the pre-Gaskiers (~580 Ma), and interestingly, they also extended well into the upper Ediacaran before complete ocean ventilation occurred. Significantly, a simple twolayer stratified system that argues for an oxygenated surface layer overlying a suboxic zone is proposed. The association of negative 13C excursions in Neoproterozoic carbonates and large-scale glaciations has become a tempting explanation for the short-term perturbation of the global carbon cycle. Not surprisingly, negative 13C shifts in Ediacaran-aged carbonates from Uruguay have been interpreted as recording post-Gaskiers glacial events. New highresolution 13C-chemostratigraphy of carbonates shows negative fractionations in deep facies with a progressive rise towards shallow-water settings, and suggests a deposition across a stratified ocean. Furthermore, 87Sr/86Sr chemostratigraphy coupled with radiometric data allowed a more precise chronostratigraphy, which supports an age of ~600-575 Ma for the unit, and suggests a deposition concurrent with the Gaskiers glaciation. Notwithstanding whether associated 13C variations in shallow water facies were produced by glacially-related conditions or by the dynamic of the basin itself remains unresolved. Although these conclusions are particularly valid for these deposits, they carry important implications for the understanding of other negative 13C excursions recorded in the Precambrian. Finally, bilaterian burrows occur in Gaskiers age glaciomarine rocks in Uruguay implying that these are the oldest definite animal tracks yet reported. Crucially, our new discovery unites the palaeontological and molecular data pertaining to the origin of bilaterians, and brings the origin of animals firmly into the interval of the Neoproterozoic glaciations. It also implies that ancestral bilaterians likely evolved first in relatively shallow seas, and only colonized the deep-sea floor once sufficient bottom water oxygenation had taken place.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 315 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-92).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 132 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 142 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-110).

This dissertation explores how spatial processes of race shape Afro-Nicaraguan women’s political subjectivity, activist practice, and lived experience by studying their community-based organizing in the Caribbean coastal city of Bluefields, Nicaragua. Specifically, it analyzes the political responses they are developing to address the devastating impacts of neoliberal economic reform, gendered state violence, structural racism and the politics of gender justice that have emerged from their participation in place-based struggles for racial and regional justice. My dissertation research brings together critical race theory, Latin American social movements, African Diasporic feminisms, and the critical interventions of cultural and political geography to study Creole women’s community activism. I suggest that Creole women’s participation in what Harcourt and Escobar (2005) term the “politics of place” reflects the ways in which larger processes of anti-Black racism, gender subordination, and economic inequality have historically been and continue to be articulated through the idiom of place. I demonstrate how the politics of place shapes local, regional, and national histories of race and alterity and informs Creole women’s political practice and vision in ways that differ markedly from the mainstream women’s and feminist movements in Nicaragua. Through their place-based activism and focus on regional struggles that seem to be separate from an explicit feminist politics, Creole women have brought greater attention to the particularly gendered ways in which processes of state violence, structural adjustment, and economic exclusion impact their communities. Their political participation is concentrated around several key areas: urban land conflicts; women’s work in the regional and national economy; and the struggle for racial justice and full citizenship in Nicaragua. Through their participation in these social movements, Afro-Nicaraguan women are gendering and reshaping local and national struggles for racial equality. I argue that this model of community and place-based activism suggests that scholars of Latin American and Caribbean women’s social movements might more fruitfully analyze these movements not by searching for the ideal feminist subject or narrowly defining the terms of feminist politics but rather by understanding how women’s engagement in the politics of place creates space for them to interrogate intersecting processes of racial, gender, and economic subordination. / text

Implementing geological carbon sequestration at a scale large enough to mitigate emissions will involve the injection of supercritical CO₂ into deep saline aquifers. The principal technical risks associated with such injection are that (i) buoyant CO₂ will migrate out of the storage formation; (ii) pressure elevation during injection will limit storage rates and/or fracture the storage formation; and (iii) groundwater resources will be contaminated, directly or indirectly, by brine displaced from the storage formation. An alternative to injecting CO₂ as a buoyant phase is to dissolve it into brine extracted from the storage formation, then inject the CO₂-saturated brine into the storage formation. This "surface dissolution" strategy completely eliminates the risk of buoyant migration of stored CO₂. It greatly mitigates the extent of pressure elevation during injection. It nearly eliminates the displacement of brine. To gain these benefits, however, it is essential to determine the costs of this method of risk reduction. This work provides a framework for optimization of the process, and hence for cost minimization. Several investigations have tabulated the storage capacity for CO₂ in regions around the world, and it is widely accepted that sufficient pore volume exists in deep subsurface formations to permit large-scale sequestration of anthropogenic CO₂. Given the urgency of implementing geologic sequestration and other emissions-mitigating technologies (storage rates of order 1 Gt C per year are needed within a few decades), the time required to fill a target formation with CO₂ is just as important as the pore volume of that formation. To account for both these practical constraints we describe in this work a time-weighted storage capacity. This modified capacity integrates over time the maximum injection rate into a formation. The injection rate is a nonlinear function of time, formation properties and boundary conditions. The boundary conditions include the maximum allowable injection pressure and the nature of the storage formation (closed, infinite-acting, constant far-field pressure, etc.) The time-weighted storage capacity approaches the volumetric capacity as time increases. For short time intervals, however, the time-weighted storage capacity may be much less than the volumetric capacity. This work describes a method to compute time-weighted storage capacity for a database of more than 1200 North American oil reservoirs. Because all of these reservoirs have been commercially developed, their formation properties can be regarded as representative of aquifers that would be attractive targets for CO₂ storage. We take the product of permeability and thickness as a measure of injectivity for a reservoir, and the product of average areal extent, net thickness and porosity as a measure of pore volume available for storage. We find that injectivity is not distributed uniformly with volume: the set of reservoirs with better than average injectivity comprises only 10% of the total volumetric storage capacity. Consequently, time weighted capacity on time scale of a few decades is 10% to 20% of the nominal volumetric capacity. The non-uniform distribution of injectivity and pore volume in the database coupled with multiphase flow effects yields a wide distribution of “filling times”, i.e. the time required to place CO₂ up to the boundaries of the formation. We define two limiting strategies based on fill times of the storage structures in the database and use them to calculate resource usage for a target storage rate. Since fill times are directly proportional to injectivity, smallest fill time corresponds to best injectivity and largest fill time corresponds to smallest injectivity. If best injectivity structures are used first, then the rate at which new structures would be needed is greater than if worst injectivity structures are used first. A target overall storage rate could be maintained for longer period of time when worst injectivity structures are used first. Because of the kh vs PV correlation, most of the pore volume remains unused when no extraction wells are used. Extraction wells require disposal of produced brine, which is a significant challenge, or beneficial use of the brine. An example of the latter is the surface dissolution process described in this thesis, which would enable use of a much greater fraction of the untouched pore volume. / text

No description available.

No description available.