The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze how Swedish ice hockey clubs portray (image and text) and report (coverage) their male and female representative teams through the club's channels (Instagram & Website), and to compare portray with the reporting in Swedish sports tabloids (Expressen & Aftonbladet). Through methodological triangulation consisting of quantitative content analysis and multimodal analysis, data is collected and analyzed to identify potential differences, similarities, and patterns. The analysis time was October 1–31, 2023.  Hypothesis:  What space is allocated to male and female hockey players on Instagram, websites, and in tabloids? How are the different genders represented in terms of images and text? Are there similarities or differences in how external sports tabloids report on each gender compared to the team's own channels? The study utilizes statistics and graphical analysis to measure the frequency and extent of gender representation within the clubs' communications. The results indicate significant differences in the amount of coverage and the type of content given to women's and men's teams, on the clubs' own platforms. The type of textual content in articles given to women and men in external sports tabloids wasn't any bigger differences. Women's teams generally received less coverage and different image and text presentations compared to men's teams on the hockey club's platforms, there were big differences in coverage of gender between the best club and the worst in the analysis. The tabloids showed an even greater inequality in reporting, with a markedly higher frequency of articles about men's teams. Some teams are more balanced than others when it comes to coverage and space allocated in the hockey clubs.

This study is a diachronic comparative analysis of russophobic discourse and enemy images in Helsingin Sanomat's (HS) editorials before and after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the beginning of a full-scale War in Ukraine in 2022. The aim of the research is investigating shifts in discourse and opinions within Helsingin Sanomat's editorials regarding the Russian actions. This study uses editorials by HS as its data. Utilizing the analytical framework of framing theory by Robert Entman, the study focuses on how Russia is framed in the editorials and by employing a diachronic comparison method, the research explores shifts in the frames over time, in this case the before and after of the two major geopolitical events. The study found that there has been a significant change in frames, especially between the two events, most notably after the beginning of the war in Ukraine, there is a drastic change to the former.

Universities and colleges in the U.S. are constantly mentioned in lists such as The Princeton Review's Top Party School list or similar rankings that can potentially impact the institution, as well as local news coverage regarding the institution's ranking and the drinking and partying habits of its student body. This study explores media coverage of party schools through a lens of framing and relationship management theories. Through a quantitative content analysis of news frames used in local news coverage of universities or colleges with noted "party school" reputations in the 2016 to 2017 academic school year, as well as frames represented in the official university responses, this study uncovers how universities with these noted reputations are framed by the local news media. In addition, the study explores the ways in which university responses to media coverage impact the potentially mutually-beneficial relationship between higher education institutions and its stakeholders, as it is a primary function of public relations (Kim et al., 2007). In order to examine the predominant frames used by local news media in college towns and "party school" university responses, frames of negative emotional appeal, morality, human interest and harm reduction were explored to determine their salience in written messages found in news headlines and university responses. The results of this study provide explanations to a phenomenon that largely impacts the reputation of a higher education institution in the U.S., as well as implications for the management of relationships between the media and universities. / Master of Arts / Universities and colleges in the U.S. are constantly mentioned in lists such as The Princeton Review’s Top Party School list or similar rankings that can potentially impact the institution, as well as local news coverage regarding the institution’s ranking and the drinking and partying habits of its student body. This study explores media coverage of party schools, pertaining to how they are portrayed in the media as well as how they manage relationships with stakeholders. This study analyzes news frames used in local news coverage of universities or colleges with noted “party school” reputations in the 2016 to 2017 academic school year, as well as frames represented in the official university responses, to uncover how universities with these noted reputations are portrayed by the local news media. In addition, the study explores the ways in which university responses to media coverage impact the potentially mutually-beneficial relationship between higher education institutions and its stakeholders, as it is a primary function of public relations (Kim et al., 2007). Frames were explored to determine their prevalence in messages found in news headlines and university responses. The results of this study provide explanations to a phenomenon that largely impacts the reputation of a higher education institution in the U.S., as well as implications for the management of relationships between the media and universities.

The global wearable technology market is forecasted for strong growth over the next five years with revenue expected to reach $14 billion in 2016 and grow to $34.2 billion by 2020 (CCS Insight, 2016). The wearable industry has undergone a long metamorphosis and growth and is presently becoming more mainstream with the popularization of fitness trackers and smartwatches. Because media portrayals influence public perception of topics covered by the media, exploring media portrayals of wearables is an important component part of understanding trends in growth and popularity of wearables. No other study has analyzed how the media has talked about wearable technology. This study examines newspaper coverage of wearable technology from 1988-2016 using the news framing perspective. A systematic content analysis was conducted on 182 articles from the Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, USA Today, New York Daily News, New York Post and The Washington Post analyzing issue frames, interview sources, episodic vs thematic frames, and type of wearable. This study found that among the four issue frames (progress, regulation, conflict, and generic risk) progress was the dominant frame. Episodic news frames emphasizing individual or specific examples were heavily relied on over thematic frames. The frequency of mentioning sources was not related to episodic/thematic coverage except for professor as an interview source. This study also found a significant relationship between interview source and year for no source. The results of this research provides useful insight into how wearable technology has been framed over the past 28 years by the news media which is helpful for companies creating and marketing these technologies, journalists writing about this type of technology, and scholars interested in understanding how the media talks about a new technology while it is in the process of diffusion. / Master of Arts

Yes / This chapter deals with a range of issues related to the structure and appearance of Augmented Public Space in terms of framing. It also develops key theoretical perspectives concerning the ways that information and media content is superimposed onto the urban environment. In doing so, it analyses the importance of locality on the character of display and argues that in the long run it is the body that is central to the framing of content and so is crucial to our understanding of augmented public space. This is exemplified in the widespread adoption of urban screens in UK city centres which forms a case study, but is not exclusive in its application to urban screens. The issues dealt with are relevant to all forms of augmented public space and in any situation where the built environment coexists with layers of information and media content ¿ the ¿media layer¿.

This study extends notions of framing theory by drawing from research analyzing the framing of Pope Francis within coverage from The New York Times. The mass media has, since the election of Pope Francis in 2013, provided him extensive coverage on a myriad of issues. Previous studies have noted Pope Francis' propensity to draw massive amounts of media attention towards his actions and statements, even noting the potential for Pope Francis to control the media narrative through his own implementation of frames. Drawing on framing theory, this study examines the ways in which coverage of Pope Francis is defined by The New York Times by finding relationships between the issues addressed in Papal coverage, the frames implemented within this coverage, the valence of the messages, and the presentation of Pope Francis himself. This thesis yields that coverage of Pope Francis within The New York Times has shifted from positive valence to primarily neutral valence when comparing the first three years of his papacy to second three years. The findings of this thesis could potentially inform future studies which may wish to determine potential for frame transfer due to the content of articles or for studies which may wish to delve deeper into the issue with a much larger sample. / Master of Arts / Since Pope Francis’ election, the mass media has focused heavily on his statements and actions. Previous literature attests to the notion that Pope Francis is unique among his predecessors when it comes to media coverage, primarily due to his propensity to make statements or moral recommendations that seemingly oppose or deviate from traditional Catholic values. This thesis explores the relationship between Pope Francis and the American mass media by analyzing 226 articles published by The New York Times within the first six years of his Papacy. The findings of this thesis point to notions related to the valence of Papal coverage, which began as primarily positive but have shifted in nature from the beginning of Francis’ Papacy. The findings of this thesis also point towards the religious nature of Papal coverage and also the potential for sexscandal coverage to shift representation of the Pope.

Framing analyses have been among the most popular areas of research for scholars in political communication. Similarly, minimum wage legislation has been a popular topic for researchers in labor economics. However, few studies have used framing analysis to investigate the issue of minimum wage. This exploratory quantitative content analysis coded 45 variables in 236 lengthy press documents spanning 84 years of Democratic presidential administrations. More specifically, this study explored presence of generic frames, stakeholders, and ideological identities employed by Democratic presidential administrations since 1933. Results found that Democratic presidential administrations have been generally consistent in framing minimum wage policy. However, ideological discrepancies in Democratic presidents' actual framing practice were detected: a deepening pro-fairness attitude in specific frames and a growing pro-business empathy in stakeholder presence. The study concluded that framing minimum wage policy has become increasingly expressive: partisan identities transcend ideological positions. Democratic administrations generally maintain a single approach when highlighting minimum wage increase and endorse the Fair Labor Standards Act, albeit using different and even conflicting framing practices over time. To sustain the findings, this study suggests an equivalent study on Republican presidential administrations and their framing of minimum wage policy. / Master of Arts / Framing analyses have been among the most popular areas of research for scholars in political communication. Similarly, minimum wage legislation has been a popular topic for researchers in labor economics. However, few studies have used framing analysis to investigate the issue of minimum wage. This exploratory quantitative content analysis coded 45 variables in 236 lengthy press documents spanning 84 years of Democratic presidential administrations. More specifically, this study explored presence of generic frames, stakeholders, and ideological identities employed by Democratic presidential administrations since 1933. Results found that Democratic presidential administrations have been generally consistent in framing minimum wage policy. However, ideological discrepancies in Democratic presidents’ actual framing practice were detected: a deepening pro-fairness attitude in specific frames and a growing pro-business empathy in stakeholder presence. The study concluded that framing minimum wage policy has become increasingly expressive: partisan identities transcend ideological positions. Democratic administrations generally maintain a single approach when highlighting minimum wage increase and endorse the Fair Labor Standards Act, albeit using different and even conflicting framing practices over time. To sustain the findings, this study suggests an equivalent study on Republican presidential administrations and their framing of minimum wage policy

The rise of the anti-gender movement alongside the ascendance of right-wing populism presents a pressing global concern. This thesis delves into the discursive practices of right-wing populist parties in Scandinavia, aiming to elucidate their framings of gender, family, and child safety, and to ascertain any correlation with the global anti-gender movement. Through a comprehensive literature review, previous studies were categorised into three main areas: the nexus between right-wing populism and the anti-gender movement, anti-gender discourse analysis, and discursive strategies of right-wing populist parties. Grounded in constructivism, the study employed framing theory and critical frame analysis as methodological frameworks. Analysis of Scandinavian right-wing populist parties revealed varying framings, with correlations between the anti-gender movement and certain parties' discourses. While the Norwegian Progress Party showed no clear correlation, the Swedish Democrats showed alignment with two anti-gender frames, and the Danish People’s Party with all three. These findings underscore the need for further research in this understudied field, offering insights crucial for addressing the intertwined dynamics of right-wing populism and the anti-gender movement in Scandinavia and beyond.

In a democratic world, newspapers serve the role of one of the biggest and most important contributions about knowledge of events and conflicts. This is why this thesis analyzes how Palestine-Israel conflict is framed in three major Swedish newspapers, Aftonbladet, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. Using key search terms 22 editorials have been identified during the month of October 2023 and analyzed using the framing theory to identify differences in their framing. In the analysis it was found that while there were some. Conflicts have for a long time been a focal point of newspapers reporting which is why it has been studied on many occasions. Research suggests that they report on different topics with different amounts of bias, as it has been deemed impossible to completely avoid it, however, differences come in how they decide to frame and discuss these differences. The study concludes that the different newspapers do have different ways of framing the conflict, with each having a strong focus on different parts of it. However, they all share a strong anti-Hamas and anti-suffering angle, no matter the ideology of the paper.

This study examines the framing of Zelenskyj in Swedish news media in the lights of the 2022 rally effect. Thru qualitative text analysis on three of Sweden’s biggest newspapers the aim was to examine if the Ukrainian rally effect has had an impact on Swedish news media outlet. Furthermore, discuss the effects this might have on Swedish politics and foreign policy making. It does so by using framing theory to examine if Swedish news media have framed Zelenskyj in the same manner as the Ukrainian to see if there are discrepancies between the Ukrainian and Swedish framing. This to better understand if Swedish news frames are affected by external circumstances. The study concludes that there are some discrepancies between the Ukrainian public opinion and the Swedish news media outlet. This comes to light in the period 2020-2021 when the Ukrainian public start to lose faith in the president, the Swedish news media frame him as a successful leader that exceeds expectations. This leads to the conclusion that there is a depiction of the Ukrainian rally effect in Swedish news media outlet, but it was not as obvious as the framing before the war was in a positive manner.