Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Bach, Robert; Joyce, Nola. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), immigration, benefit, fraud, terrorism, border security, watch list, immigration reform. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-91). Also available in print.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1623. Adviser: Luisa Franzini. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Donald Summers, Juliette Webb. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69). Also available online.

This dissertation develops statistical and data mining based methods for insurance fraud detection. Insurance fraud is very costly and has become a world concern in recent years. Great efforts have been made to develop models to identify potentially fraudulent claims for special investigations. In a broader context, insurance fraud detection is a classification task. Both supervised learning methods (where a dependent variable is available for training the model) and unsupervised learning methods (where no prior information of dependent variable is available for use) can be potentially employed to solve this problem. First, an unsupervised method is developed to improve detection effectiveness. Unsupervised methods are especially pertinent to insurance fraud detection since the nature of insurance claims (i.e., fraud or not) is very costly to obtain, if it can be identified at all. In addition, available unsupervised methods are limited and some of them are computationally intensive and the comprehension of the results may be ambiguous. An empirical demonstration of the proposed method is conducted on a widely used large dataset where labels are known for the dependent variable. The proposed unsupervised method is also empirically evaluated against prevalent supervised methods as a form of external validation. This method can be used in other applications as well. Second, another set of learning methods is then developed based on the proposed unsupervised method to further improve performance. These methods are developed in the context of a special class of data mining methods, active learning. The performance of these methods is also empirically evaluated using insurance fraud datasets. Finally, a method is proposed to estimate the fraud rate (i.e., the percentage of fraudulent claims in the entire claims set). Since the true nature of insurance claims (and any level of fraud) is unknown in most cases, there has not been any consensus on the estimated fraud rate. The proposed estimation method is designed based on the proposed unsupervised method. Implemented using insurance fraud datasets with the known nature of claims (i.e., fraud or not), this estimation method yields accurate estimates which are superior to those generated by a benchmark naïve estimation method. / text

M. Tech. Policing / The purpose of this study was to solicit the views of the South African Police Service (SAPS) members, both at local police and the Commercial Crime Branch levels, as well as from the wider representatives from the community, regarding the weaknesses of the SAPS Commercial Crime Branch strategies towards responding to syndicate fraud activities.

Wring the last decade documentary maritime fraud has caused considerable financial loss. The internationality of the crime and the difficulties experienced in the investigation and prosecution of offenders has caused serious concern both nationally and internationally. The aim of this research was to examine the system of international trade in terms of flow between institutions, and to develop a model of the system to identify areas of system failures in terms of actual or potential frauds. A database consisting of 101 fraud cases was compiled. Detailed examination of the cases identified features common to different classes of fraud. Systems approach was used to investigate the system with particular reference to Bills of Lading and method of payment under documentary credits. Conceptual mcdels of the three main contractual sub-systems i. e. carriage, insurance and payment, and of the total system were developed. The latter was used in conjunction with the database to pin-point the weak links both within the system and its imiediate envirormLent. Using a rwlti-disciplinary international Panel of Experts the Delphi technique, appropriately modified, was employed to test the hypothesised weak links, determine feasibility of implementing the recoamndations and seek information to assist in introducing measures to combat fraud. The analysis supports the hypothesised weak links identified in the environment and reccmuendations to strengthen them. Factors creating an environment for fraud are identified, along with reasons for not reporting the crime. Information required to combat fraud is identified. Prior to payment under documentary credits banks should carry out factual checks. The Bill of Lading is not a weak link but the people handling the document are unaware of its importance. Establishmnt of a Conmrcial Crim Research Unit specialising in international trade is recamrended, as is the development of an educational prograrmTo to increase conmercial awareness.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια, οι υπηρεσίες Δημόσιας Υγείας που προσφέρονται στους πολίτες χρειάζονται διαρκώς αυξανόμενη χρηματοδότηση. Αιτίες είναι η μείωση του λόγου εργαζομένων / συνταξιούχων, καθώς και η αύξηση του προσδόκιμου μέσου όρου ζωής. Συνεπώς, άμεση προτεραιότητα θα πρέπει να αποτελεί η διασφάλιση της αξιόπιστης διαχείρισης των πόρων που διατίθενται γι’ αυτόν το σκοπό. Στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι η υλοποίηση «έξυπνου» ηλεκτρονικού συστήματος, το οποίο: α) δίνει τη δυνατότητα ηλεκτρονικής καταχώρησης των συνταγών του συμβεβλημένου γιατρού προς στον ασφαλισμένο, β) δίνει στο χρήστη τη δυνατότητα ελέγχου για πιθανή απάτη / λανθασμένη συνταγογράφηση, αναφέροντας τις «ύποπτες» συνταγές, βάσει προκαθορισμένων κανόνων που θα έχουν καταχωρηθεί στο σύστημα. Παράλληλα, αναπτύχθηκε ένα ολοκληρωμένο σύστημα διαχείρισης των συνταγών, που προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα αναζητήσεων, εμφάνισης και εκτύπωσης των δεδομένων στη μορφή που θα ζητηθεί από το χρήστη. Η εφαρμογή αναπτύχθηκε στο σύστημα διαχείρισης βάσεων δεδομένων της Microsoft Access 2002, και για τον έλεγχο λειτουργίας της χρησιμοποιήθηκαν στοιχεία του ασφαλιστικού οργανισμού Τ.Σ.Α.Υ., μετά την αφαίρεση όλων των προσωπικών δεδομένων. / -

Magistro darbe nagrinėjami sandorių, sudarytų dėl apgaulės ir suklydimo, pripažinimo negaliojančiais teoriniai ir praktiniai aspektai. Lietuvos teisinėje literatūroje nagrinėjama tema nepakankamai analizuota, tačiau tema aktuali, kadangi vienas dažniausių teismų praktikoje pasitaikančių sandorių nuginčijimo pagrindų yra būtent sandorių sudarymas apgaulės ar suklydimo įtakoje. Darbe aptariama sandorio negaliojimo samprata, negaliojančių sandorių klasifikacija, analizuojamos sandorių sudarytų dėl suklydimo ir apgaulės pripažinimo negaliojančiais galimybės bei šių sandorių negaliojimo teisinės pasekmės. Pateikiama sandorių sudarytų dėl suklydimo ir sandorių sudarytų dėl apgaulės takoskyra. Daug dėmesio darbe skiriama teismų praktikos nagrinėjamu klausimu analizei, apibendrinama Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktika, susijusi su darbo tema. Kartu atskleidžiamos teisinio sureguliavimo problemos, iškylančios sandorių, sudarytų suklydimo ir apgaulės įtakoje, pripažinimo negaliojančiais metu. Naudojant lyginamąjį metodą, darbe atskleidžiama Lietuvos ir užsienio valstybių - Vokietijos, Prancūzijos, Italijos, Lenkijos ir Rusijos - sandorių, sudarytų suklydimo ir apgaulės įtakoje, teisinis reglamentavimas. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos autoriaus išvados ir pasiūlymai dėl atitinkamų įstatymo normų tobulinimo. / This magistrate's study deals with theoretical and practical aspects of invalidity of transactions concluded under the influence of mistake and fraud. This theme has not been discussed enough in Lithuanian legal literature, but it is topical because one of the most common grounds to contest the transaction are mistake and fraud. This study analyse the concept of invalid transaction, the general classification of such transactions, possibilities to avoid a transaction concluded under the influence of mistake and fraud, also the differences of transactions which are concluded under the influence of mistake and which are concluded under the influence of fraud. Much attention is devoted to analysis of interpretation and application of legal rules found in Lithuanian Supreme Court's decisions. Moreover this study deals with the generalization of court decisions concerned to this study, also unclose of problems of law regulation during avoidance of transactions concluded under the influence of mistake and fraud. Comparative method is used to compare legal regulation of invalidity of transactions concluded under the influence of a mistake and fraud in Lithuania and other countries, like Germany, France, Italy, Poland and Russia. Finally author gives the conclusions and proposals to improve laws.

Nusikaltimo ir civilinės teisės pažeidimo atribojimo problema nepraranda savo aktualumo. Jį ypač išryškėja bandant atrasti civilinės teisės pažeidimo ir sukčiavimo atribojimo kriterijus. Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas - nustatyti baudžiamosios ir civilinės teisės santykį, visapusiškai išnagrinėti sukčiavimą kaip teisinį reiškinį, atskleisti jo sudėties požymius, raidą, pasireiškimo formas bei atrasti atribojimo nuo civilinės teisės pažeidimų kriterijus. Darbe analizuojama teisės normų taikymo praktika, jos trūkumai, pateikiami pasiūlymai, siekiant įstatymo taikymo tobulinimo. Darbe iškelta hipotezė, kad trys pagrindiniai sukčiavimo atribojimo nuo civilinės teisės pažeidimo kriterijai yra apgaulė, kreditoriaus galimybės apginti savo teises civilinės teisės priemonėmis atėmimas ar apsunkinimas panaudojant apgaulę bei tiesioginę tyčią. / The problem of the delimitation between criminal and civil delict is still relevant. Especially it appears significant when attempting to find the delimitation criterions for the fraud and the civil delict. The aim of this Master’s thesis is to find the relation between the criminal and civil law, to analyze a fraud in all its legal aspects, to detect the elements constituting this criminal offence, its evolution and realization forms and to justify delimitation criterions between it and civil delict. Court practice in fraud field and its drawbacks are considered; also suggestions for development of law practice are given in this Master’s thesis. Hypothesis of this Master’s thesis is proposition, that there are three principal delimitation criterions between fraud and civil delict: deception, deprivation of access for creditor to maintain his (her) rights by means of civil law or imposition on these rights by means of deception and the deliberate tortuous intent.