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To face the competition in the business environment, the company should continuously execute the capital investment to reinforce its competitive ability and to insure the endless business operation. Due to the capital investment involving huge money and long-term impact, the company should considerately and thoughtfully evaluate the financial feasibility of capital investment prior to making decision. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is usually used as benchmark to evaluate the capital investment. WACC is made up of two key elements. The cost of equity, one of both, however, is difficult to measure. This article, taking C company as an example, is focused on how to apply 3 different models such as Dividend Growth Model (DGM), Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Free Cash Flow Model (FCF) to compute the cost of equity as well as on analyzing the outcomes of those models. The outcomes of DGM, CAPM and FCF are respectively 11.82%, 14.2%, and 10.50%, and the highest one is the outcome computed from CAPM. The outcomes computed from both DGM and FCF are narrowly different. As compared with actual rate of return of C company stock (11.6% adjusted from ex-cash dividend and ex-stock dividend), it is found that the outcome of DGM is the nearest to actual rate of return of C company stock, then FCF¡¦s is next one and CAPM¡¦s is most different. However, on condition that the company did not distribute cash dividend in its record or stayed on the abnormal growth stage, the DGM could not be applicable. Internal capital budgeting includes expansion of production expansion, replacement, improvement and innovation. Due to the fact that the attribute of this kind of capital investment is similar to that of the company¡¦s business of line, FCF would be the most appropriate model to estimate the cost of equity to determine the WACC for the purpose of internal capital budgeting evaluation.

Computer industry is one of the most outstanding paradigms of value growth in the twentieth century. And Taiwan¡¦s computer-related industry has also developed since the early beginning of the twentieth century. Since 1980, the electronics industry in Taiwan has taken only twenty years or so to be the main competence advantage, which creates the highest value of output. Seeing the module characteristic of Taiwan¡¦s electronics industry, and the awareness of the entrepreneur network, this study hopes to combine the two concepts to have a clear understanding of the phenomenon about how the electronics industry rose rapidly in Taiwan, and also hopes to figure out the business performance of each leading firm in the most important five component areas in Taiwan¡¦s electronics industry. This study has chosen current operating value (COV) to be the main concept, which was advocated by G. Bennett Stewart (1990). And through the study of each company¡¦s free cash flows, this study then further examines the relationships among the free cash flows (FCF), the company¡¦s current operating value (COV) and market value (MV). That is, this thesis is to study whether a firm makes proper use of its cash flows will help bring positive market values to itself, and to see the range of the market value added (MVA) it will bring to the firm. This study has used the dimensions mentioned above. Based on the references, the sample firms are those with a long history or the leading companies in the areas of the top five components in Taiwan¡¦s electronics industry. And all the finance-related information of the sample firms is derived from the TEJ Database with a period of from 1991 to 2006. The variables then are calculated, and the hypotheses are defined and testified. At last, statistics is used to analyze the data of the outcomes. The study shows that if we examine a firm¡¦s performance by way of the free cash flows, the more stable business performance the sample firms has, the more the firm¡¦s current operating value at the t period can anticipate the firm¡¦s market value at the t+1 period. Besides, for those component firms with a higher accumulated operating cash flows than accumulated investment cash flows, their current operating value can create more added market values. Based on the two results, a firm¡¦s conduction of free cash flows will have a direct influence on the firm¡¦s stability of business performance, and those firms with more stable performance will create positive added market values.

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[Truncated thesis] This thesis investigates the relevance of Jensen’s (1986) free cash flow theory to the market for corporate control in Australia. Jensen posits that firms generating cash in excess of that required to fund positive NPV projects face greater agency problems as the free cash flow exacerbates the conflict of interest between shareholders and managers. One implication from Jensen’s free cash flow theory is that firms with high levels of free cash flow are more likely to initiate takeovers that are value-decreasing. There are two practical issues in testing Jensen’s theory; first, constructing an appropriate proxy for free cash flow and secondly, identifying firms with free cash flow. These issues are addressed directly in the first of the two essays that comprise this thesis. The first essay develops and assesses the merits of four operational measures for free cash. One of them is a stock measure while the others are flow measures. The stock measure is included because previous studies have mostly used the stock measure of cash when identifying firms rich in free cash (henceforth, cash rich firms), despite that Jensen (1986) has made explicit reference to free cash flow. We test the validity of this approach by investigating whether stock measures of free cash coincide with flow measures. Our results reveal that the stock and flow measures of free cash give rise to quite different lists of cash rich firms. This is an important empirical contribution of the thesis. Given the lack of definitive criteria for deciding which operational measure of free cash flow is most appropriate, we identify multiple sets of free cash flow firms based on the different operational measures developed. For each operational definition, two methods are used to identify cash rich firms. The first method defines a firm as cash rich if its cash variable ranks in the tenth percentile. The second method defines firms as cash rich if their cash variable value is greater than one and a half standard deviations of the value predicted by a model.

A crescente atuação da sociedade nos processos de discussão e de tomada de decisões relacionados com as políticas públicas incentiva a gestão pública no Brasil a buscar mecanismos para demonstrar eficiência e transparência na aplicação de recursos. Dentro da esfera pública, o gasto social destinado às ações compensatórias é destaque em termos de alocação de recursos, por isso apresenta acentuada necessidade de planejamento, avaliação e prestação de contas. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho adotou o modelo conceitual da Teoria Residual dos Dividendos, estabelecido por Modigliani e Miller (1958) e revisitado por de Jensen (1986) na Teoria Free Cash Flow, e teve como objetivo principal evidenciar o Fluxo de Caixa Livre para o Cidadão (FCLC) gerado e distribuído por uma entidade pública, segundo os preceitos do resultado econômico. Para consecução deste propósito, conduziu-se um levantamento bibliográfico crítico, constatando similaridade e aderência nas discussões conceituais e nos estudos aplicados acerca da relação/trade-off entre distribuição de excedentes de caixa e capacidade de reinvestimento nas esferas público e privada. Além disso, foi constatado que a Teoria Residual dos Dividendos e sua discussão sobre o Fluxo de Caixa Livre do Acionista podem ser consideradas aplicáveis à mudança do objeto de foco (acionista para cidadão), mantendo-se suas premissas iniciais. Assim, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico, pode-se propor o constructo teórico Fluxo de Caixa Livre para o Cidadão (FCLC). A fundamentação teórica explanou que a evidenciação do FCLC pode demonstrar como as entidades públicas têm gerado excedente de caixa aos cidadãos: quando da prestação de serviço aos cidadãos e/ou por transferências diretas ações compensatórias. Adicionalmente, conduziu-se um caso de estudo na USP Ribeirão, com o objetivo central de ilustrar uma possível aplicação do constructo, além de evidenciar de forma os gestores das entidades públicas podem aprimorar o processo de prestação de contas (accountability) utilizando o FCLC, considerando a percepção de um gestor. Esta pesquisa pode ser aplicada em estudos empíricos, com o intuito de compreender e descrever o atual estágio de evolução do processo de avaliação econômica e de prestação de contas dos investimentos públicos, e, fundamentalmente, validar o constructo FCLC. Acredita-se que este trabalho tenha contribuído para indicar possibilidades no processo de prestação de contas no setor público, para que o cidadão tenha condições de discernir os benefícios recebidos de forma direta, via ações compensatórias, dos benefícios recebidos pela prestação de serviços, como educação e saúde. / The growing participation of society in the discussion and decision making processes related to public policies has stimulated public managers in Brazil to seek mechanisms to show efficiency and transparency in the use of income. Within the public sector, the social expenditure destined to cash transfers stands out in terms of allocation of income; thus, it bears strong need for planning, evaluation and accountability. In this context, this work used the conceptual model of the Residual Theory of Dividends established by Modigliani and Miller (1958), and revisited by Jensen (1986) in the Free Cash Flow Theory, and aimed at disclosing the Free Cash Flow to Citizen (FCFC) generated and distributed by a public entity, in accordance with the rules of the economic result. In order to do so, a critical bibliographic review was carried out, and it revealed the similarity and adherence in the conceptual discussions and in the applied studies concerning relationship/trade off between distribution of cash surplus and capacity to re-invest in both the public and the private sectors. Moreover, it was possible to observe that the Residual Theory of Dividends and its discussion of Free Cash Flow to Shareholder may be considered applicable to a change in focus (from shareholder to citizen) and keep its initial presuppositions. This way, having the bibliographic review as the origin, it is possible to propose the theoretical construct Free Cash Flow to Citizen (FCFC). The theoretical framework explained that the disclosure of FCFC may demonstrate how public entities have generated cash surplus to citizens: with service rendering or by cash transfer programs compensation transfers. Additionally, a case study was carried at USP Ribeirão, whose core aim was not only to illustrate a possible use of the construct, but also to unveil in what way managers of public entities may improve the accountability process using FCFC, considering the managers viewpoint. This research may be used in empirical studies aiming at understanding and describing the present stage of evolution of the processes of economic evaluation and accountability of public investments, as well as to validate the FCFC construct. It is our belief that this work may have contributed to indicate possibilities within the process of accountability in the public sector, so that citizens may distinguish benefits received directly, by means of cash transfer programs, from the ones received through the rendering of services, such as education and health.

The aim of the graduation theses is to present the business valuation by using the concept of Income based valuation method - Discout Free Cash Flow To The Firm. The these consists of financial analysis, financial planning, valuation steps and phases.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine a market value of the Telefónica O2 Czech Republic, Inc. to 1.3.2009. Concerned with valuation I used methods of discounted cash flow with utilization of FCFF, the book value and direct market valuation. Everything with all current conditions. After theoretic parts and presentation of the company I tried to investigate and descibe all influence, that affect the company in terms of its environment. I evaluated political, economic, social and technological situation in the CR. Then I described situation in branch of telecommunication services - its characteristics, competion, suppliers, customers and others. After SWOT I analysed financial management of the company in terms of financial analysis and compared the company with its competitors. With utilization of preceding factors I made a financial plan for years 2008 - 2012. At the end of all methods of valuation I reached final valuation.

The primary task of the diploma thesis is the valuation of the company Family brewery Bernard corp. The corporation belongs among the biggest Czech manufacturers of beer. The goal of the valuation is to independently determine market value of the company on 1.1.2015. Taking into account the specifics of the market and the company itself it is used discounted cash flow method DCF Equity. This main method is supported by the alternate method of market comparison. The diploma thesis comprises of financial and strategical analysis, value drivers, financial plan and final valuation.

The main objective of this diploma thesis is to simulate the regular decision-making process that a credit analyst goes through when assigning a credit limit for an operating and investment (acquisition) loan for a selected company. The introductory chapter is focused on credit risk category definition and description of main credit risk quantification and mitigation approaches both on individual as well as portfolio basis. The second, practically oriented part includes both financial and strategic analysis of selected business entity, as well as free cash flow prediction followed up by business plan development, all of these carried out in the form of basic analytical tools necessary for credit limit assignments to both short term operating and long term investment (acquisition) loans. In the final part, the selected company is being evaluated using DCF Entity business valuation framework as well as being subject to comparable companies and transactions general valuation approach. Finally, the credit limits for an operating and investment (acquisition) loans are being determined based on the analytical tools drafted within the previous chapters of this thesis.