O contexto econômico e social deste início de milênio impactado pela globalização dos mercados, emergência de novas potências, por conflitos sociais, desafios de sustentabilidade do planeta e uma das maiores crises do capitalismo no hemisfério ocidental indica a carência e a necessidade de novas lideranças para conduzir pessoas em países e organizações por esses ambientes turbulentos. Diante deste contexto, este estudo busca avançar na fronteira de estudos da liderança, associando as abordagens e discussões mais recentes neste campo com a expressão e manifestação de significado por executivos sobre suas próprias carreiras. Para tanto, aplicou-se a abordagem da gramática sistêmico-funcional como ferramenta de análise de redações autobiográficas de executivos, alunos de oito turmas de um curso de pós graduação - MBA Executivo Internacional - interpretando a expressão de significado em suas carreiras. Com base nestas informações sobre a expressão do significado e na classificação das características de liderança expressas por esses executivos, sendo estas inatas ou agênticas; transacionais ou transformacionais, propõem-se uma nova tipologia relacionando características de liderança com o significado. / The economic and social context of this new millennium has been impacted by the marketing globalization, emergence of new powers, social conflicts, challenges in sustainability and one of the deepest crises of financial capitalism in the Western Hemisphere in many years. It all suggests the lack and needing for new leadership to lead countries and organizations for these turbulent environments. In this context, this study seeks to advance the leadership studies frontier, combining the latest approaches and discussions in leadership\'s field, discussing the expression and manifestation of meaning by executives in their own careers. We apply the approach of systemicfunctional grammar to study executive\'s autobiographical essays, as a tool to construing the experience through meaning. Students from eight classes from a graduate course - Executive MBA - wrote their own autobiographical essays and by construing the expression of meaning in their careers, we analyzed the frequency of verbal processes. Based on that information, on the expression of the meaning, and sorting all verbs used in four categories, two by two, taken-for-granted or agentic; and transactional or transformational traits, we propose a new typology of leadership characteristics relating to the meaning expressed.

published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

This thesis advances a specific model of 1-syntax, based on Hale and Keyser (1993, 1994) and Dechaine (1996) as a point of departure, and also proposes a general theory of the relation between the lexicon and the syntax. One of the essential proposals that I make is the F\mctionalization Principle, which permits a lexical head to project a functional projection if and only if the meaning of the head is represented by 1-syntactic structure without any extra semantic features. I refer to this type of head as a light head. The Functionalization Principle leads us to a principled account of various lexical and functional uses of lexical items such as a passive morpheme -en and have. Examples that support my analysis range from adjectival and verbal passives (e.g. Mary is very pleased and The glass was broken by BUI), to constructions of alienable and inalienable possession (e.g. John has Jive bucks and John has blue eyes), to causative/experiential constructions (e.g. John had his students walk out of class), and to perfect constructions (e.g. Lucie has advised the prime minister). Furthermore, the analysis of possessive have is extended to possessive nominals (e.g. John's cat and John's eyes). I also examine the implications of the theories of 1-syntax and 1- functors for Case. I propose that 1-syntactic structure partly determines inherent Case whereas the 1-functor checks what I call l-Junctor Case through the Spec-head relation. Furthermore, I show that these analyses of inherent Case and 1-functors account for essential properties of possessive D (a genitive marker -*s), some Hindi marked subject constructions and Japanese experiential transitive constructions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carrascossi_cns_dr_arafcl.pdf: 647245 bytes, checksum: 3f277ba0ec7372719b771b8c8c27022b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho, investiga-se a expressão modalizadora pode ser em dois contextos sintáticos distintos: a) como predicado encaixador de proposição (pode ser1); b) como construção independente (pode ser2). Nesses contextos, o verbo modal constitui, com a forma infinitiva, uma fórmula fixa, rotinizada, com alta produtividade no nível discursivo. Assim, sob base teórica funcionalista (DIK, 1997a, 1997b), busca-se descrever a atuação de pode ser nos níveis semântico, sintático e pragmático. Para tanto, o corpus utilizado é composto por textos contemporâneos do português brasileiro, de escrita e de fala. Investigam-se os processos subjacentes à multiplicidade de usos da construção, avaliando-se a hipótese de gramaticalização (HEINE et al., 1991b; TRAUGOTT; HEINE, 1991; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 1993, entre outros) e de (inter)subjetivização (TRAUGOTT, 1989, 1995a, 2010, entre outros; TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002). A pesquisa revela que há encaminhamentos condizentes com a gramaticalização, mas que não podem ser tomados como definitivos em relação à identificação do processo. As propriedades modalizadoras da construção são exploradas. Pode ser1 apresenta-se como uma forma consolidada de avaliação epistêmica, enquanto pode ser2 não se restringe a esse domínio modal e ambos os usos podem manifestar diferentes direções de modalização: orientada para o falante (marcada pela subjetividade) e orientada para o ouvinte (marcada pela intersubjetividade). O exame das características semânticas e discursivas das ocorrências aponta para um desenvolvimento próprio de (inter)subjetivização. Observa-se, com isso, que a operação da construção desliza da sintaxe (pode ser1) para o discurso (pode ser2). Como predicado matriz, pode ser1 indexa posicionamento epistêmico do enunciador em relação ao... / In this work, we explore the modalized expression pode ser, in two different syntactic contexts: a) as a predicate of an embedded proposition (pode ser1); b) as an independent structure (pode ser2). In these contexts, the modal verb constitutes, with the infinitive form, a fixed formula, routinized, with high productivity on the discursive level. Therefore, based on a functionalist theory (DIK, 1997a, 1997b), we seek to describe the operation of pode ser on semantic, syntactic and pragmatic levels. For this, the used corpus is made of contemporary Brazilian Portuguese texts, amidst writing and speech. We explore the processes underlying the multiplicity of uses of the structure, evaluating the grammaticalization hypothesis (HEINE et al., 1991b; TRAUGOTT; HEINE, 1991; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 1993, and others) and also the (inter)subjectification (TRAUGOTT, 1989, 1995a, 2010, and others; TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002). The analyses reveal consistent referrals towards grammaticalization, although they cannot be seen as definitive, regarding the process‟ identification. The modalized qualities of the structure are also explored. Pode ser1 shows itself as a consolidated form of epistemic evaluation, whilst pode ser2 is not restricted to this modal domain, and both uses of the structure may express different modalization directions: speaker-oriented (marked by subjectivity) and listener-oriented (marked by the intersubjectivity). The examination of the semantic and discursive characteristics of occurrences points towards a unique development of its (inter)subjectification. We can observe that the structure‟s construction slips from syntax (pode ser1) to discourse (pode ser2). As a matrix predicate, pode ser1 indexes the enunciator‟s epistemic position, in relation to the embedded... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O contexto econômico e social deste início de milênio impactado pela globalização dos mercados, emergência de novas potências, por conflitos sociais, desafios de sustentabilidade do planeta e uma das maiores crises do capitalismo no hemisfério ocidental indica a carência e a necessidade de novas lideranças para conduzir pessoas em países e organizações por esses ambientes turbulentos. Diante deste contexto, este estudo busca avançar na fronteira de estudos da liderança, associando as abordagens e discussões mais recentes neste campo com a expressão e manifestação de significado por executivos sobre suas próprias carreiras. Para tanto, aplicou-se a abordagem da gramática sistêmico-funcional como ferramenta de análise de redações autobiográficas de executivos, alunos de oito turmas de um curso de pós graduação - MBA Executivo Internacional - interpretando a expressão de significado em suas carreiras. Com base nestas informações sobre a expressão do significado e na classificação das características de liderança expressas por esses executivos, sendo estas inatas ou agênticas; transacionais ou transformacionais, propõem-se uma nova tipologia relacionando características de liderança com o significado. / The economic and social context of this new millennium has been impacted by the marketing globalization, emergence of new powers, social conflicts, challenges in sustainability and one of the deepest crises of financial capitalism in the Western Hemisphere in many years. It all suggests the lack and needing for new leadership to lead countries and organizations for these turbulent environments. In this context, this study seeks to advance the leadership studies frontier, combining the latest approaches and discussions in leadership\'s field, discussing the expression and manifestation of meaning by executives in their own careers. We apply the approach of systemicfunctional grammar to study executive\'s autobiographical essays, as a tool to construing the experience through meaning. Students from eight classes from a graduate course - Executive MBA - wrote their own autobiographical essays and by construing the expression of meaning in their careers, we analyzed the frequency of verbal processes. Based on that information, on the expression of the meaning, and sorting all verbs used in four categories, two by two, taken-for-granted or agentic; and transactional or transformational traits, we propose a new typology of leadership characteristics relating to the meaning expressed.

This thesis advances a specific model of 1-syntax, based on Hale and Keyser (1993, 1994) and Dechaine (1996) as a point of departure, and also proposes a general theory of the relation between the lexicon and the syntax. One of the essential proposals that I make is the F\mctionalization Principle, which permits a lexical head to project a functional projection if and only if the meaning of the head is represented by 1-syntactic structure without any extra semantic features. I refer to this type of head as a light head. The Functionalization Principle leads us to a principled account of various lexical and functional uses of lexical items such as a passive morpheme -en and have. Examples that support my analysis range from adjectival and verbal passives (e.g. Mary is very pleased and The glass was broken by BUI), to constructions of alienable and inalienable possession (e.g. John has Jive bucks and John has blue eyes), to causative/experiential constructions (e.g. John had his students walk out of class), and to perfect constructions (e.g. Lucie has advised the prime minister). Furthermore, the analysis of possessive have is extended to possessive nominals (e.g. John's cat and John's eyes). I also examine the implications of the theories of 1-syntax and 1- functors for Case. I propose that 1-syntactic structure partly determines inherent Case whereas the 1-functor checks what I call l-Junctor Case through the Spec-head relation. Furthermore, I show that these analyses of inherent Case and 1-functors account for essential properties of possessive D (a genitive marker -*s), some Hindi marked subject constructions and Japanese experiential transitive constructions. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / abstract / Humanities / Master / Master of Philosophy

The research for this doctoral study focused on children’s learning in mathematics and its relationship with independent pupil-pupil talk. In particular the interest was in how younger lower attaining children (aged 6-7) exchanged meaning as they talked together within a mathematical task. The data for the doctoral study had been gathered as part of the Talking Counts Project which I directed with colleagues at the University of Exeter. The project developed an intervention to encourage exploratory talk in mathematics with younger lower attaining children. Video material and transcripts of the mathematics lessons from nine classrooms that were part of the TC Project were used as the data set for the doctoral study. The focus of the analysis was on the independent pupil-pupil talk from one pre intervention session and one post intervention session from these nine classrooms. In using an existing data base, analysis was carried out in more depth and from a new perspective. A Vygotskyan sociocultural approach was maintained but analysis of the learning in the doctoral study was refocused in line with theories of situated meaning in discourse and with theories of the emergence of mathematical objects. Hence my examination of the children’s learning for the doctoral study went beyond the original research carried out in the TC Project. Within an interpretivist paradigm the methods of analysis related to the functional use of the children’s language. Interpretations were made of the children’s speech acts and their use of functional grammar. This enabled a study of both social and emotional aspects of shared intentionality as well as personal, social and cultural constructs of mathematical objects. The findings suggested that, where the talk was productive, the children were using deixis in sharing intentions and that this use could be related to the exchange of meaning and objectifying deixis.

It has long been observed that, in a double object constructions (DOC), the two objects exhibit different syntactic behaviour. In Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), these two objects are characterized as two distinct grammatical functions. The object that syntactically patterns with the monotransitive object is the unrestricted object OBJ. The one that does not is the restricted object OBJθ. The goals of this dissertation are to investigate the syntax of DOCs, and to explore the two object functions in LFG. When thinking about DOCs, the verb that almost invariably comes to mind is GIVE. This verb, however, may not be as prototypical as is commonly assumed. In Cantonese, it is the only verb whose objects are in an anomalous order, with the object that bears the theme role preceding the object which expresses the recipient role. Cantonese as a language does not uniformly have the direct (theme) object preceding the indirect (recipient) object. Other than the difference in their linear order, the objects in the GIVE-construction pattern with those in all other DOCs in the language. In some languages, there is a possibility of having more objects than is required by the underived form of a verb. An additional object can be licensed by the affixation of an applicative morpheme to the verb root. The syntax of the objects in an applicative construction is directly related to the type of semantic role that is applied. This has posed challenges for previous accounts of applicative constructions, as a change in the morphological structure of a verb is accompanied by a change in its argument structure. A new proposal is offered to account for this. A study of the syntax of DOCs involves much more than merely acknowledging the presence of two object functions in the construction. The morphology of the verb, the semantic roles that are required by the verb and the linear order of the arguments that express these roles are all relevant. Assuming various parallel but inter-related levels of representation, the theory of LFG has the suitable tools to take all these into consideration. Reference can be made straight-forwardly to the information at the different levels of representation, including the a-structure, the c-structure, the f-structure and the m-structure.

This dissertation investigates the relationship between verbs and reflexive markers within reflexive constructions, setting forth the hypothesis that the verb plays a determining role in anaphoric binding. The work builds upon Dalrymple’s (1993) argument that binding constraints are lexically specified by anaphoric elements and demonstrates that reflexive requirements can be lexically specified for distinct groups of verbs, an approach which offers another level of descriptive clarity to theories of anaphoric binding and introduces a means of predicting reflexive selection in domains where syntactic constraints do not readily apply. This is shown to be particularly pertinent in languages with more than one reflexive type that have overlapping syntactic binding domains. The hypothesis is substantiated by data from five typologically distinct languages: English, Dutch, French, Russian, and Fijian. Contributing to this data set, new empirical evidence in favour of previously unrecognized reflexive forms in the Fijian language is introduced in this work. Following Sells et al. (1987), it is demonstrated that reflexive constructions are definable over four different components of linguistic representation and a quadripartite linguistic analysis is, therefore, adopted that incorporates c-structure, f-structure, lexical structure, and semantic structure within a Lexical Functional Grammar theoretical framework. The level of semantic structure is found to be particularly interesting since the realization of a reflexive construction is shown to be influenced by differing semantic requirements between verbs and reflexives. On the basis of several semantic tests, verbs in reflexive constructions are shown to have two different predicate structure types, ‘transitive’ and ‘intransitive’, and reflexive markers are shown to have three different internal semantic structures, ‘strict’ (x,x), ‘close’ (x,f(x)), and ‘near’ (x,y). The syntactic, semantic, and lexical characteristics of the reflexives and verbs analyzed over the data set presented in this work result in the identification of eight different reflexive/verb types and the establishment of two implicational relationships: <ol><li>Reflexive markers in lexically intransitive reflexive constructions have no semantic content.</li><li>Verbs that take a reflexive argument with a strict (x,x) or close (x,f(x)) internal structure must be intransitive at the semantic component of linguistic structure.</li></ol> These results contribute to our understanding of anaphoric binding theory, directed verb categories, the syntax-semantics interface, and the licensing of multiple reflexive types within a given language.