Thesis (Ph. D.)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Erlangen.

Resumo: A Brachiaria plantaginea está entre as espécies de maior ocorrência como plantas daninhas em diversas culturas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar as características morfofisiológicas da espécie B. plantaginea quanto à resistência a herbicidas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no período de janeiro à agosto do ano de 2009 em casa de vegetação com as plantas em vasos plásticos pretos de 3,0 L contendo substrato Plantimax® e em laboratório de análises foram realizadas conforme cada exigência necessária realizadas.na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - Campus II UNESP de Ilha Solteira. Foi usado delineamento experimental, sendo: teste de germinação, teste de vigor, transpiração em folhas destacadas hidratadas e estimativa da área foliar: fatorial de 2x2, sendo duas massas de sementes e dois biótipos de B. plantaginea (susceptível e resistente a herbicidas), e o teste de seletividade dos materiais aos herbicidas: fatorial de 2x3, sendo dois biótipos (susceptível e resistente a herbicidas),dois herbicidas (ametrina, imazapic) e uma testemunha sem herbicida. Observou-se que tanto a massa das sementes como o caráter resistência ao herbicida influenciaram no comportamento morfofisiológico da espécie B. plantaginea. Sementes com massas maiores apresentaram maiores respostas de germinação, mesmo após um período de envelhecimento da semente. O cultivar resistente apresentou menor desenvolvimento em relação às plantas susceptíveis, sendo um fator importante em se tratando de uma eliminação de plantas daninhas. Plantas de Brachiaria plantaginea resistente possuem maior transpiração apenas nas primeiras seis horas dificultando a eliminação por herbicida. O herbicida imazapic controlou o biótipo susceptível mesmo após a uma aplicação de pós-emergência. O biótipo resistente possui um maior transporte de elétrons podendo ser este o seu fator de resistência em relação ao biótipo susceptível / Abstract: Brachiaria plantaginea is among the most common species as weeds in many cultures. The objective of this work was to study the morphological and physiological characteristics of species B. plantaginea for resistance to herbicides. The experiments were conducted from January to August of 2009 in a greenhouse with plants grown in pots of 3.0 L black plastic substrate Plantimax ® and in laboratory tests were performed according to each requirement necessary in Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - Campus II UNESP de Ilha Solteira. Experimental design was used, with a germination test, vigor test, transpiration in detached leaves hydrated and estimation of leaf area: 2x2 factorial, with two masses of seed and two biotypes of B. plantaginea (susceptible and resistant to herbicides), and test materials to the selectivity of herbicides: 2x3 factorial, two biotypes (susceptible and resistant to herbicides), two herbicides (ametryne imazapic) and no herbicide. It was observed that both seed mass as the character resistance to herbicide influence the behavior of the species B. plantaginea morphophysiological. Seeds with larger masses showed higher germination responses, even after an aging period of the seed. The resistant cultivar showed less developed compared to susceptible plants being an important factor when it comes to removing a weed. Brachiaria plantaginea resistant have a higher transpiration only for six hours making it difficult to eliminate by the herbicide. The imazapic controlled biotype likely even after the application of a post-emergence. The resistant biotype has a higher electron transport and this may be your resistance factor relative to susceptible biotype / Orientador: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho / Coorientador: Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti / Banca: Edson Lazarini / Banca: Francisco de Assis Rolim Pereira / Mestre

Studies in various animal species have demonstrated that stress during pregnancy can have a detrimental effect on progeny health and development throughout its postnatal life. If this were to apply to dairy cows, minimising stress in pregnant cows could be of critical importance in ensuring offspring health and welfare. However, relationships between maternal health and welfare and offspring performance have not been well investigated in dairy cattle. Traditionally management strategies for cows in late pregnancy (i.e. in the dry period) have focused on maximising milk production whilst minimising impacts on postpartum health. This may include management practices that can have a negative impact on the health and welfare of cows in the dry period itself. This project aimed to identify potential sources of stress associated with management practices in late pregnant cows, and to investigate its effects on offspring health, behaviour and welfare. A survey was conducted to investigate typical dry cow and pre-weaned calf management practices on dairy farms in the United Kingdom (UK). Data from 148 commercial UK dairy farms provided valuable information on dry cow and pre-weaning calf management. Procedures that were commonly practised but potentially stressful for dry cows included the abrupt cessation of milking and frequent changes in diet and social environment. Two experimental studies were conducted to investigate the impact of alternative management practices in late pregnancy on progeny welfare. The first experiment investigated the behavioural, physiological and metabolic responses of dry cows to industry minimum standards (H: high stocking group) compared to a more extensive space allowance (L: low stocking density). The offspring of these cows were monitored until weaning to assess their responses to typical dairy farm procedures. The second experiment was conducted on calves born to heifers from an out-wintering project. Pregnant heifers were kept either indoor or outdoor grazing (on deferred grass or kale) throughout the winter period. The health, growth and behaviour of offspring were monitored for the first 14 days of life. Limited feed-face space resulted in altered feeding patterns and increased competition at the feed-face. There was no association between dry period stocking density and the physiology and metabolism of dry cows. Maternal treatment had no impact on pre-weaned calf birth weight, health, growth, passive immunity, neonatal vigour and the majority of behavioural outcomes. However, H calves made more frequent social contact with companions compared to L calves and showed higher behavioural reactivity to weaning. Maternal high stocking density treatment and previous disease incidence in calves reduced the behavioural reactions to disbudding and the expression of pain-related behaviours. Out-wintering of pregnant heifers on kale showed no negative impact on growth compared to the indoor group, whilst out-wintering on deferred grass resulted in the lowest growth rate. However, out-wintering on deferred grass may have enhanced offspring social motivation and learning ability. This study has demonstrated potential associations between maternal experience during pregnancy, and offspring growth and behaviour. The effect of maternal treatment on offspring behaviour may be more likely to emerge in challenging situations. Further research will be needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to reach definite conclusions, which would have implications for improving the welfare of late pregnant cows and their offspring.

This thesis addresses the issue of competitive relationships of selected grass species from seed. The economic importance lies in identifying those species which compete in the mixture, and because a longer stay at a cost savings to restore the lawn. The experimental work was based field experiment with sowing of selected grass mixtures at two locations. From the onset of vegetation was observed onset of phenophases, the intensity of tillering, creating offshoots increase in the density and response to agro interventions. The results of this thesis is the creation of phytomass dynamics in the vegetation period, the overall look and boundness stand, his health, structural characterization of sod and economic evaluation.

TELLES, Margareth Maria. Características fermentativas e valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-elefante contendo subprodutos do urucum, caju e manga. 2006. 130 f. Tese (doutorado em Zootecnia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T19:32:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_mmtelles.pdf: 612422 bytes, checksum: c80d63681a855fb7d8cbe000e31df740 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T17:42:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_mmtelles.pdf: 612422 bytes, checksum: c80d63681a855fb7d8cbe000e31df740 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T17:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_mmtelles.pdf: 612422 bytes, checksum: c80d63681a855fb7d8cbe000e31df740 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / This research was carried out at the Forage Research Sector – NPF/DZ/CCA/UFC. The chemical and fermentative characteristics elephant grass silages with increasing levels of annatto by-product processing (ABP) addition at ensiling were evaluated. The following treatments were used: T1 – Elephant grass silage, T2 - Elephant grass silage with 4% of annatto seed by-product processing (ABP), T3 - Elephant grass silage with 8% of ABP, T4 - Elephant grass silage with 12% of ABP and T5 - Elephant grass silage with 16% of ABP, on a fresh matter basis. A randomized completely design with four replicates was adopted. As experimental silos, plastic drums of 210 L were used. The dry matter (DM), the organic matter (OM), the crude protein (CP), the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the acid detergent fiber (ADF), the hemicelluloses, the ether extract (EE), the total carbohydrates (TC), the non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), the neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN,% total N), the acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N), the pH values, the ammonia nitrogen (in percentage of the total nitrogen, N-NH3, % total N), the lactic acid, the acetic acid, the butyric acid and the propionic acid levels were determined. A linear increasing effect (P<0.01) of the ABP addition on the DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, acid propionic levels and on the pH values was verified. There was no significant difference among the silages on the hemicellulose, NDIN (% total N), lactic acid,acetic acid and acid butyric levels. With regard to ADIN (% total N) and N-NH3 (% total N) there was a quadratic effect and to NDF, ADF and TC a decreasing linear effect of the ABP addition was observed. One concludes that ABP improves the chemical and fermentative characteristics of the silages, recommending 16% of addition, in a fresh matter basis, at the elephant grass ensilage. / Esta Pesquisa foi conduzida no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Forragicultura-NPF no Departamento de Zootecnia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), em Fortaleza, CE. Avaliaram-se as características bromatológicas e fermentativas das silagens de capim-elefante contendo níveis crescentes de adição do subproduto do processamento do urucum (SPU), à ensilagem. Foram testados os seguintes tratamentos: T1 – silagem de capim-elefante, T2 – silagem de capimelefante com 4% de SPU, T3 – silagem de capim-elefante com 8% de SPU, T4 – silagem de capim-elefante com 12% de SPU e T5 – silagem de capim-elefante com 16% de SPU, com base na matéria natural. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Como silos experimentais, foram utilizados tambores plásticos de 210 L. Determinaram-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose, extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHOT), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN, % do N total), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA, % do N total), os valores de pH e teores nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3, % do N total), ácido lático, acético, propiônico e butírico. Verificou-se efeito linear crescente da adição de SPU sobre os teores de MS, MO, PB, EE, CNF, valor de pH e teor de ácido propiônico. Não foi verificada diferença significativa entre as silagens quanto aos teores hemicelulose, NIDN (% do N total), ácido lático, acético e butírico. Para NIDA (% do N total) e N-NH3 (% do N total) houve efeito quadrático e para FDN, FDA e CHOT observou efeito linear decrescente em função da adição do SPU. Conclui-se que o SPU melhora as características bromatológicas e fermentativas das silagens, recomendando-se a adição de 16%, na matéria natural, no momento da ensilagem do capim-elefante.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on rice cultivars, checking agronomically feasible dose and the effect of these doses on the morphology of plants on yield components and on reducing lodging plant. In this sense, two trials were held, one in the field to evaluate the effects of doses of trinexapac-ethyl on yield components over the biological cycle, about flowering. The second study was performed in greenhouse. The objective is evaluate the effects of increasing doses of trinexapac-ethyl on the morphology of plants of two cultivars of rice: a japonica cultivar (Bojurú) and one Indica cultivar (IRGA 422 CL). Experimental results show that the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl applied in increasing doses, causes changes in the morphology of plants, shortening between-us, reducing plant height, leaf area and interfering in shoot dry mass, reducing bedding plants and interfering negatively in yield components, especially in the percentage of whole grains and broken grains. / Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do regulador de crescimento Trinexapac-ethyl sobre cultivares de arroz irrigado, verificando o efeito de doses crescentes do ingrediente ativo sobre a morfologia de plantas, sobre os componentes do rendimento e sobre a redução de acamamento de cultivar potencialmente acamadora. Neste sentido, dois ensaios foram realizados, um em campo, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de doses e épocas de aplicação do Trinexapac-ethyl sobre os componentes do rendimento, sobre o ciclo biológico, sobre a floração, e sobre o acamamento de plantas e outro, em casa-de-vegetação, para avaliar os efeitos de doses crescentes do Trinexapac-ethyl sobre a morfologia de plantas de duas cultivares de arroz irrigado, uma cultivar japônica (Bojurú) e outra cultivar indica (IRGA 422 CL). Os resultados experimentais permitem verificar que o regulador de crescimento Trinexapac-ethyl, aplicado em doses crescentes, provoca alterações na morfologia de plantas, encurtando entre-nós, reduzindo a altura de plantas, interferindo negativamente na área foliar e na fitomassa seca da parte aérea, reduzindo o acamamento de plantas e interferindo negativamente nos componentes do rendimento, principalmente no percentual de grãos inteiros e grãos quebrados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soaresfilho_cv_dr_jabo.pdf: 308347 bytes, checksum: e8f3db3daafbdfb785ed520c58bacea3 (MD5) / O experimento foi desenvolvido de novembro de 1995 a julho de 1997, no município de Piacatu, região de Araçatuba – SP. Os tratamentos corresponderam a dez gramíneas forrageiras e 12 épocas de corte. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições, estudando-se nas parcelas os seguintes capins: capim-Tifton 68 (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst cv. Tifton 68), capim- Tifton 78 (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Tifton 78), capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85), capim-Florakirk (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Florakirk), capim-Florico (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florico), capim-Florona (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florona), capim-Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Coastcross 1), capim-Tifton 9 (Paspalum notatum Flüegge cv. Tifton 9), capim-Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich) Stapf cv. Marandu) e capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia 1) e, nas subparcelas, as 12 épocas de corte. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: produção de massa seca (PMS), produção de massa seca de lâminas foliares (PMSLF), porcentagem de lâminas foliares (%LF), taxa de crescimento, teor e rendimento de proteína bruta (PB), teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), teor de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e a digestibilidade “in vitro” da matéria seca (DIVMS). A PMS acumulada não diferiu (P>0,05) entre as espécies forrageiras. A PMS diferiu (P<0,05) entre as espécies forrageiras na estação das águas e na estação seca. Produções mais elevadas de MS foram obtidas na estação das águas, quando o capim- Tifton 85 foi superior (P<0,05) ao capim-Florico, não diferindo dos demais. Os resultados de PMSLF apresentados na estação chuvosa e seca diferiram (P<0,05) entre as forrageiras, observando-se que os valores mais elevados foram aqueles obtidos... / The experiment was carried out in the Northwest region of the State of São Paulo to evaluate ten grasses recently introduced in the region. The grasses studied were: Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst cv. Tifton 68, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Tifton 78, Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Florakirk, Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florico, Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis cv. Florona, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Coastcross, Paspalum notatum Flüegge cv. Tifton 9, Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia 1. The following variables were determined in two dry and two wet seasons: dry-matter (DM) production, DM production of leaf-blades (DMLB), percentage of leaf-blades, growth rate, “in vitro” dry-matter digestibility (IVDMD), yield of crude protein (CP) and the contents of CP, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The accumulated DM production did not differ (P>0.05) among the grasses evaluated. The DM production differed (P<0.05) among the grasses in the wet-season and in the dry-season. Higher DM production were obtained in the wet-season, being the production of the cv. Tifton 85 greater (P<0.05) than that of Floricograss, but it did not differ of the other grasses. The DMLB presented in the wet and dry-seasons differed (P<0.05) among the grasses, being the higher values obtained in the wet season. In this season the DMLB of the cvs. Tifton 9 and Tanzânia were higher (P<0.05) than the production of the other grasses. The species evaluated showed similar growth rates. Higher contents of CP (125 to 145 g.kg-1) were observed in the cultivars of the genus Cynodon in the wet season. In the dry-season, contents of CP lower than 110 g.kg-1 were observed only in the cvs. Tanzânia (101 g.kg-1) and Marandu (97g.kg-1). Higher values of NDF were observed...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)