Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Titus, Harold A. Second Reader: Michael, Sherif. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 30, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Heat Transfer, Theory, Theses, Costs, Heating Elements, Fluid Dynamics, Photovoltaic Effect, Solar Heating, Swimming, Optimization, Installation. DTIC Identifier(s): Swimming Pools, Solar Heating, Photovoltaic Supplies, Filter Pumps, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Optimization, Solar Heating, Photovoltaics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57). Also available in print.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2008. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Physics." Bibliography: leaves 124-132.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2008. / "June 2nd, 2008." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Engineering with Specialization in Materials Engineering." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Richard Savage, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-100). Also available online and on microfiche (2 sheets).

Orientador: Celso Luiz da Silva / Banca: Geraldo Luiz Palma / Banca: Antonio Moreira dos Santos / Resumo: A exploração abusiva da energia originada de fontes não renováveis traz danos irreversíveis ao ambiente. O Brasil é dependente dos derivados do petróleo e das hidroelétrica. Diante desse contexto é necessário um estudo sobre outras fontes alternativas. Conciliar a geração de energia com possibilidade também de mitigar o impacto da geração de lixo seria resolver dois problemas de uma só vez. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a recuperação de energia do Resíduo Sólido Urbano (RSU) através do processo de incineração. Leva em consideração a tendência atual de segregação (separação) de plásticos, papel e papelão, vidro e metais, e sua influência nos fluxos de massa e energia no sistema de incineração de RSU. Para o seu desenvolvimento foram utilizadas informações relativas à geração do RSU da cidade de Bauru e o software Combust. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estimar o poder calorífero teórico do RSU típico e também deste resíduo quando se considera a separação de papel/papelão e plásticos para fins de reciclagem. / Abstract: The abusive exploration of the originated energy of no-renewable sources brings irreversible damages to the environment. In Brazil, it is dependent mainly of the derived or petroleum and of the hydroelectric ones. With base in that fact, the subject of the sources of energy is subject on the agenda globally. On the other hand, the wastes generation and the consequent environmental contamination, comes increased in an alarming way. Conciliate the generation of energy with possibility of mitigating the impact of the wastes generation it would be to solve two problems of only one time. The objective of the present work is to analyze the recovery of energy of the Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) through of the incineration process. It considers the actual tendency of segregation of plastics, paper and cardboard, glass and metals, and your influences in the mass and energy flows in the incineration system of MSW. For the development of thiw work were used relative information to the MSW generation of Bauru city and the Combust software. The obtained results allowed esteeming the Theoretical Calorific Power of MSW typical and also of this residue when it is considered the paper / cardboard and plastics separation for recycling. / Mestre

Power system islanding is gaining increasing interest as a way to maintain power supply continuity. However, before this operation become viable, the technical challenges associated with its operation must first be addressed. A possible solution to one of these challenges, out-of synchronism reclosure, is by running the islanded system in synchronism with the mains whilst not being electrically connected. This concept, known as 'synchronous islanded operation' avoids the danger of out-of-synchronism reclosure of the islanded system onto the mains. The research in this thesis was based on the concepts presented in [1-3] and specifically applied to multiple-DG island scenarios. The additional control challenges associated with this scenario are identified and an appropriate control scheme, more suited for the operation of multiple-DG synchronous islands, is proposed. The results suggest that multiple-DG synchronous islanded operation is feasible, but a supervisory controller is necessary to facilitate the information exchange within the islanded system and enable stable operation.For maximum flexibility, the synchronous island must be capable of operating with a diversity of generation. The difficulties become further complicated when some or all of the generation consists of intermittent sources. The performance of the proposed control scheme in the presence of a significant contribution of renewable sources within the island is investigated. Two types of wind technologies were developed in PSCAD/EMTDC for this purpose, they are a fixed speed induction generator (FSIG) based wind farm and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farm. The results show that although synchronous islanded operation is still achievable, the intermittent output has an adverse effect on the control performance, and in particular limits the magnitude of disturbances that can happen in the island without going beyond the relaxed synchronisation limits of ±60o.Energy storage is proposed as a way to reduce the wind farm power variation and improve phase controller response. A supplementary control is also proposed such that DFIG contributes to the inertial response. The potential of the proposed scheme (energy storage + supplementary control) is evaluated using case studies. The results show massive improvement to the load acceptance limits, even beyond the case where no wind farm is connected. The benefit of the proposed scheme is even more apparent as the share of wind generated energy in the island grows.

This research has assessed the environmental and economic sustainability of domestic micro-generation technologies under UK conditions as both individual technologies and as part of a range of future energy supply scenarios for the domestic sector extending to 2050. A life cycle approach has been used for both environmental and economic assessment considering the relevant sustainability impacts, which include global warming potential, the depletion of fossil fuels, human toxicity and life cycle cost. The micro-generation technologies studied were selected on the basis of their ability to contribute to current and future energy supply and also their suitability under UK conditions. These technologies were micro-wind, solar photovoltaics, micro-combined heat and power, heat pumps and solar thermal water heating. The technologies were compared with one another and with the incumbent technologies, which were grid electricity and natural gas condensing boilers. Three journal papers have been published as a result of this research. The evaluation of micro-generation technologies on a life cycle basis indicated that despite reducing certain environmental impacts, all technologies increased at least one and as many as eight environmental impacts compared to their current fossil-fuel alternatives. All micro-generation technologies would reduce global warming and fossil fuel depletion compared to conventional technologies, highlighting their potential to contribute to energy policy goals. However, they cannot currently compete with conventional technologies for capital cost, although their life cycle costs – taking into account incentives from schemes such as Feed-in Tariffs – can be competitive. Considering both environmental and economic implications suggested that Stirling engine micro-combined heat and power is one of the most sustainable options for heat and electricity generation. The results also suggested that heat pumps should not be receiving incentives from the Government due to their poor environmental performance. Four potential future energy supply scenarios for the UK domestic sector were studied extending to 2050. The scenarios varied in terms of the level of effort made to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of the sector. Scenario 1 involved no further implementation of micro-generation beyond 2009, increasing energy demand and a grid electricity dominated by fossil fuels. In contrast, Scenario 4 portrayed a future where there is 1 micro-generation technology per dwelling, a 50% reduction in demand and almost complete decarbonisation of the grid mix. The results indicated that a huge transformation of the sector is required to achieve the 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. This would include halving energy demand, almost complete decarbonisation of grid electricity and the installation of a micro-generation unit in every dwelling. To conclude, despite the level of interest micro-generation is currently receiving, this work suggested their usage may not necessarily be as beneficial as some believe. Their use does reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption; however, to have any influence on energy policy goals this use would have to be widespread. Furthermore, reduced emissions will come at the expense of other environmental impacts. Finally, with a number of the technologies not yet cost competitive – even with incentives – the Government focus on measures to reduce demand and decarbonise the grid may prove to be a better option as this work suggested that energy policy goals could be achieved without high penetration of micro-generation.

Wind energy has been growing rapidly during recent years. This paper aims to estimate the impact of wind power generation on the Swedish wholesale electricity price, using monthly time series data over the periods 2000-2016. The error-correction model is used to measure the price effect by including other factors that influence the electricity supply and demand. Thefindings suggest that the impact of changes in wind power production on the wholesale priceof electricity is negative in the short-term. When the wind power production increases by 1%, the wholesale electricity price decreases with 0.08%. Furthermore, the magnitude of the coefficient increases to 0.10% in the long-term.

No description available.

A poly-generation system can be defined as the simultaneous and collocated generation of two or more energy supply types, aimed to maximize the utilization of the thermodynamic potential (efficiency) of the consumed energy resources. A Polygeneration system may involve co-generation (power and heat) or tri-generation (power, heat, and cold) processes and may also be connected to a district energy system. A poly-generation plant reclaims heat in a useful form that would be wasted otherwise in separate electricity and heat (and chilled water in some cases) generating systems. By this way a poly-generation plant provides a variety of benefits including improved efficiency and fuel savings, reduction of the primary energy demand total cost of utility service and unit fuel cost, independency for energy and protection of environment. With the overall efficiencies in the range of 70-90%, poly-generation systems are gaining popularity all around the world. including Turkey. In spite of all their potential benefits and increasing interest for poly-generation systems, there is not yet any rating, testing, metrication and classification guidelines and standards. It is indeed very important to rate the performance and energy savings potential, determine the heat and power outputs, estimate the system efficiency and the ratio of the split of the power produced between thermal and electric. These are the information which are hard to determine since there are not enough common test standards, rating standards and nor consensus-based terminology for combined heat and power systems in the world literature. Even the classification of the cogeneration systems is hardly globalized. Aim of this study is to develop a common procedure with respect to the above shortcomings for testing and rating poly-generation systems under realistic operating conditions with accurate formulae which will help to contribute energy and exergy economy by establishing a robust metrication standard based on new evaluation parameters. This study aims to find a procedure to evaluate a poly-generation system by establishing standard test methods and evaluation tools in terms of parameters like energy and exergy characteristics of thermal and electric loads, temperature demand and power split for determining operational characteristics of the system. This may be achieved by revising and expanding DIRECTIVE 2004/8/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. A case study is expected to be based on a trigeneration power plant to be received within the framework of the EU FP6 HEGEL Poly-generation project, to be tested at METU, which has a capacity of 145 kW electric and 160 kW useful heat.