An investigation was made of chemical variation within garnet, chlorite, and plagioclase in the metamorphosed Standing Pond amphibolite of the Hanover quadrangle, New Hampshire-Vermont. The mineral assemblages epidoteplagioclase, sphene-rutile, ilmenite-rutile, garnet-rutile- ilmenite, and kyanite-muscovite are also discussed. Little correlation was round between metamorphic zone, ironmagnesium ratios and calcium and manganese content of the various minerals. The theoretical grounds for such correlation are discussed, and it is concluded that the apparent metamorphic grade fluctuates within zones because of minor differences in temperature-pressure conditions and bulk composition.

The primary object of the present work was to continue the experiments on beats of solution started by Moore (1955) in the Department of Geological Sciences, McGill University. In his work, Moore accumulated a fund of technical knowledge concerned with twin calorimeter construction and technique. He constructed twin calorimeters to determine the beats of solution of finely ground quartz crystal and quartz glass. He attempted to measure the surface and strain energy of these minerals but failed because he employed a quenching technique with the coarser fractions in order to reduce the length of the solution period.

Note: Missing Page 159. / In the summer of 1950 the writer, as an officer of the Geological Survey or Canada, was attached to the Baffin Expedition of the Arctic Institute of North America (A.I.N.A.). An area in east-central Baffin Island between latitudes 69°30' and 71° and longitudes 68° and 72° was covered by reconnaissance geological mapping in the course of the field season. The results of exploration of this geologically unknown area are presented in this dissertation.

It temperature measurements are made at various depths in the earth's crust it is usually found that the temperatures of the rocks increase with depth. Since rocks have finite conductivities it follows that a definite quantity of heat travels upwards through the crust. This quantity of heat flowing up across unit area of surface in unit time is called the terrestial heat flow. The amount of this heat flow and the areal distribution of these values have an important bearing on a number of problems involving the physical nature of the earth and its history. Unfortunately, relatively few measurements of the heat flow have been made.

During the 1959 field season, the author served as geologist, on a Quebec Department of Mines field party, which made a reconnaissance of the Siluro-Devonian strata between the Matapedia valley and lake Temiscouata, Quebec.

This thesis is based on the literature of Dominion and Provincial Surveys of Canada and other pertinent sources. In scope, this investigation does not include the Grenville Sub-province because of its indecisive geological relationship to the remainder of the Shield. Archean rocks are classed as such because; 1. they consist largely of vo1canics and illsorted sediments and when in contact with the less deformed (Algonkian Type) rocks are bound to underlie them unconformably. 2. the sediments approximate lithologically the younger Algonkian group, but are more strongly deformed. The purpose of this research is to render a summary of what is now known about the kinds and relative quantity of sediments comprising this ancient enigmatic rock assemblage. Time did not permit a more exhaustive examination of all reports published on these rocks; however, the writer believes the list of references of Appendix “A” (page 49) to be representative of that literature containing the better type of descriptive information. Thus, they are the basis of this thesis. It is hoped that paths of research as suggested subsequently will be of contributory value to our knowledge of the Archean. Rocks mapped as Archean today are merely the upended remnants of them. Erosion and peneplanation have exposed such deeply buried rocks that they are shown as usually isolated 3 linear belts in a huge composite mass of crystalline granitic rocks.[...]

Location. The McMurdo Creek Lead-Silver Property is about 150 miles north of the International Boundary, and lies on the watershed of the Purcell range. Stratigraphy. The Property is underlain by rocks tentatively correlated with the Windermere system, (Proterozoic). A threefold division is made of the conformable sediments studied by the writer: (1) the Lower Division, 2,000 feet thick, (slate, with quartzite and minor thin-bedded limestone); (2) the Middle Division, 1,000 feet thick, (quartzite with thin slate bands); (3) the Upper Division, 1,000 feet thick, (slate and quartzite. Structure 1. Folding. The Property lies mostly on the crest and southwest limb of a major non-plunging anticline with northwest strike. The southwest limb, in general the more gently dipping, has a zone one-half mile wide near the crest of the anticline that has, besides normal drag-folds, minor S-shaped folds in the competent members that do not have the normal dragfold form, (fig. 5, p. l4). The S-shaped folds were produced by tectonic transport of the members of tbe Lower Division up the northeast limb. In that division, competent and incompetent members on that limb were thinned by slippage on flow-cleavage surfaces originally probably sub-parallel to the axial plane of the major anticline, but later rotated so that the cleavages in the less competent members are parallel to the bedding or nearly so.[...]

This thesis is a description of the geology of 150 square miles of map area in south central Newfoundland. The area was mapped by the author and assistants during the summer of 1951. Previous to the writers work very little geological investigation had been carried out in this part of Newfoundland. The mapping shows the following: a belt of steeply tilted sedimentary rocks with a northeast trend occupies most of the area. Lesser amounts of gneiss and igneous types are present. The sedimentary rooks have undergone some metamorphism. Location and means of access. The map area, to be referred to as the Bound Pond Map Sheet, lies in the southern watershed of Newfoundland within the drainage basin of the Bay East (Salmon) River. Round Pond is approximately 30 miles north of Baie d’ Espoir and 60 miles south southeast from the town of Buchans. Approximate limits of the Round Pond Sheet are Latitude N 48° 10’ to N 48° 18’ and Longitude W 55° 57’ toW 56° 12’. The area is most easily reached by means of float equipped aircraft. Access is also possible by a moderately difficult canoe route from the south coast. This route starts at the head of Baie d’Espoir and leads north through a series of streams and lakes.[...]

As a preamble to this thesis, four propositions and two deductions are stated. The succeeding pages are principally concerned with a study of the geology of southern Pascalis township, a review of the evidence upon which the propositions are based and a discussion of experimental results which prove the deductions to be true with regard to certain rocks of the area studied. The propositions are: 1. If certain conditions are fulfilled, many minerals will exhibit the phenomena of luminescence. 2. In most cases, one of the important conditions for luminescence is the presence within the mineral of small amounts of trace elements which are foreign to the pure mineral and which may modify the crystal lattice. 3. During the emplacement of eruptive bodies, or their subsequent metamorphism, small amounts of trace elements are distributed in special arrangements relative to the bodies, either within or adjacent to their boundaries. This probably applies regardless of the size of the eruptive. 4. Some of the trace elements of Proposition 3 may either form independent minerals, occur in the lattices of the rock forming minerals or cause the formation of lattice imperfections. From these propositions, it may be logically deduced: 1. Luminescent minerals should be found in or adjacent to many bodies of eruptive rocks. 2. The distribution of the luminescent minerals and the trace elements should bear some close relationship to each other. [...]

Exploitation of commercial “granite” (igneous stone) is aided by a knowledge of its mechanical properties and the geology of the quarry. A detailed petrographic study of “granite” from eighteen quarries in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia reveals that massive, unsheared granites and quartz monzonites of Devonian or later age are generally the best building and monumental stones. Geology and petrology are important aids in the search for new stone. Study of the features of better eastern Canadian “granites” suggests a set of rules which may prove useful in indicating first, the localities in which “granite” should be sought and second, the desirable qualities of a marketable stone. A graphic analysis is made of “granite” production during the years 1925 to 1949. It is suggested that the “granite” producing industry could strengthen its economic position by advertising, improving quarrying techniques, co-operative use of central finishing plants and providing better grades of “granite”.