Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 menezes_jjl_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 474876 bytes, checksum: 82409fc0d1f015b020c4ba9a5d6f5abd (MD5) / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do grupo racial, peso de abate e sexo nas 10 características de desempenho e medidas biométricas de caprinos jovens, provenientes 11 de rebanhos leiteiros, como produtores de carne, em sistema intensivo de criação. 12 Foram avaliados o peso ao nascimento, 28 e 60 dias, idade aos 25, 30 e 35 kg e medidas 13 biométricas de cabritos de cinco grupos raciais: Alpino, ½ Boer + ½ Alpino (½ BA), ½ 14 Anglo Nubiano + ½ Alpino (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpino (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpino 15 + ½ Anglo Nubiano (Tricross), com três pesos de abate (25, 30 e 35 kg) em sistema de 16 confinamento, com utilização de dieta completa. As características de medidas 17 biométricas avaliadas foram escore, comprimento corporal, altura anterior e posterior, 18 perímetro da perna e largura da garupa e do peito. A participação das raças Boer e 19 Anglo Nubiano em cruzamentos com a raça Alpina melhorou o escore corporal e peso 20 aos 28 e 60 dias. Os caprinos machos chegaram ao peso de abate aos 30 e 35 kg mais 21 precocemente que as fêmeas. O grupo racial Alpino foi mais tardio para atingir os 25, 22 30 e 35 kg em relação aos mestiços Boer e Anglo Nubiano. Com o aumento do peso de 23 abate houve aumento do escore corporal e medidas biométricas. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype Alpine, ½ 6 Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA), ½ Anglo Nubiano + ½ Alpine (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine 7 (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpine + ½ Anglo Nubiano (Tricross) gender and slaughter weight 8 (25, 30 and 35 kg) on the performance and biometric measures of kids from dairy goat 9 herds reared on intensive feeding systems. The evaluated traits were: weight at birth, 28 10 and 60 days old and age at 25, 30 and 35 kg. Biometrics measures: score, body length, 11 previous and posterior height, leg perimeter and rump and chest width. Boer and Anglo 12 Nubiano crossbred with Alpine improved corporal score and weight at 28 and 60 days 13 old. Males reached slaughter weight at 30 and 35 kg more precociously than females. 14 Crossbreed Boer and Anglo Nubiano reached earlier 25, 30 and 35 kg than Alpine. The 15 greater was the slaughter weight the higher was corporal score and biometric measures.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of acid adaptation on the survival and growth of Escherichia coli in broth and fermented goat milk. In the first phase of the study, acid resistance of E. coli O157:H7 strain UT 10 and E. coli ATCC 25922 was determined in brain heart infusion broth at pH 7.4, 4.5 and 2.5. Variations due to acid stress in the counts of both strains were determined. Alterations in the fatty acid profile due to acid adaptation were also determined. Acid adaptation enhanced the survival of both strains at pH 4.5, but neither strain could survive after 4 h at pH 2.5. At optimum growth conditions (pH 7.4), E. coli ATCC 25922 exhibited increased viability over E. coli UT 10. At pH 4.5, E. coli UT 10 was more tolerant to low pH than E. coli ATCC 25922. An increase in saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) of both AA strains was observed, indicating the importance of lipid modification in enhancing survival at low pH. In the second phase of the study, acid resistance of E. coli O157:H7 strains UT 10 and UT 15 were determined in commercial fermented at 30 °C for 24 h and stored at 7 °C for 2 days and traditional Amasi fermented for 3 days at ambient temperature (ca 30 °C). E. coli O157:H7 counts in traditional Amasi could not be detected after 3 days of challenge while those in commercial Amasi were detected at 2.7 log10 cfu/ml after the same period. The survival of acid adapted (AA) and non-adapted (NA) strains was similar in traditional Amasi while in commercial Amasi, the NA strain survived significantly better than the AA strain. The results of this study indicate that E. coli O157:H7 can survive during fermentation and storage of fermented goat milk Amasi. They also show that survival of the pathogen in a broth model differs from that in a food system. Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in fermented milk is affected by fermentation time, pH and storage temperature. The food industry should therefore adapt their processing/ preservation procedures by taking the most acid tolerant pathogenic E. coli strains into consideration in order to ensure the safety of their products. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Food Science / unrestricted

The role of natural earth licks in the ecology of the mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus (Blainville)) was studied during the summers of 1965 and 1966 in the Rocky Mountain Trench of southern B.C. The patterns of movements of the animals were determined as they used the licks and the vegetation, lick soils and blood serum were analyzed with respect to sodium content. The predicated use of licks as suggested by other workers involves the idea that sodium may be the attracting element. The present study examined seasonal and differential patterns of movement, along with periodicity of use, in order to determine the resultant interplay of animal movement and sodium and water content of the vegetation. The goat encounters such additional risks as predation, parasitism, hunting and joint use while using the lick seasonally. Since the goats use the lick differentially in time, each sex is affected to a different degree by the above factors. Differential use also produces characteristic patterns of grouping and molting. Periodicity of use occurred mainly in the afternoon, although distance travelled and complexity of the lick may affect time of entry, length of stay and group size. The frequency of use differed at each lick, with the average time of use by an individual being one to three weeks. Environmental factors such as temperature and weather appear to regulate the movement to and from the lick. Analysis of the vegetation revealed that sodium was extremely low and that potassium was present in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements of the animal. No significant trends were found to exist from spring to fall or due to changes in elevation, as far as sodium and total ash were concerned. Observations indicated that animals select certain licks over others and select sites within a lick. These high licking sites were shown to have a higher sodium content. Newly established licks had a higher sodium content than did old licks, however, highly preferred sites were not always higher in calcium, phosphorus or cobalt. A normal range of serum sodium values was established for the goat but due to the regulatory function of the kidney, changes in serum sodium due to lick use could not be detected. Serum sodium decreased with age. A female with a kid had a low serum value. It appears that the level of deficiency causing the craving is not sufficient to show up in serum analysis. Animals died during trapping operations and a selenium deficiency was suspected. Gross symptoms approximated those attributed to white muscle disease and the vegetation contained selenium in amounts which are known to cause this myopathy. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

A genetic study of four commercial goat breeds in South Africa was performed using microsatellite markers. The commercial breeds included the Boer goat, Savanna, Kalahari Red and the Angora goat. Indigenous goat populations from Delftzijl and Groblersdal were also included in this study. Seventeen microsatellite markers were tested to determine the genetic variation. Genetic variation within the breeds were relatively high with heterozygosity values ranging from 57% for the Boer goat, 68% for the Kalahari Red, 69% for the Savanna goats and 70% for the Angora goats. First values indicated that the Savanna and Boer goat are genetically the closest (0.114), while the Kalahari Red and Boer goat are the least related (0.237). Phenotypic measurements included height, length, depth, heart girth, pelvic length and width for a phenotypic description. Significant differences were observed in the phenotypic measurements among all the breeds. The genetic and phenotypic differences indicate that these goats can be distinguished as different breeds. Results of this study contribute genotypic information of the commercial goats in South Africa. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal science / The quality of cryopreserved Boer goat semen may be influenced by the source and concentration of energy supplements in the extender. The aim of the study was to improve the protocols for cryopreservation of Boer goat spermatozoa using different disaccharides concentrations as supplements in tris- egg yolk extender. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of (a) addition of three disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and trehalose) and (b) disaccharides combination (maltose and trehalose) at different concentrations using tris-egg yolk extender. For experiment 1: the study was replicated six times and was conducted in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with three different sugars (sugars: maltose, sucrose and trehalose), two sugar concentrations (0.12g and 0.22g) and two evaluation times (0 hours before cryopreservation and 120 hours after cryopreservation). For experiment 2: the study was replicated six times and was conducted in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two sugar concentrations (0.12g and 0.22g) and two evaluation times (0 hours before cryopreservation and 120 hours after cryopreservation). Semen ejaculates were collected at 7.00-9.00 am from three Boer goats twice per week. After collection, the semen samples were pooled and diluted with tris-egg yolk extender at the ratio of 1:7 (semen to extender). Sperm quality (progressive motility, non- progressive motility, kinetic motions, viability (live/dead) and morphology) were analyzed using computer aided sperm analyzer (CASA). For experiment 1: sucrose 0.12g had higher progressive motility (PM %) when compared to maltose, and trehalose at 0h but reduced after cryopreservation. Sucrose 0.12 showed high percentage of kinetic motions (straightness and average path velocity) when compared to other sugars at 0 hours. More morphological defects M (CH) were revealed by maltose 0.12 at 0 hours. Sugar type (ST) and evaluation time (ET) showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in progressive motility (PM %), sperm kinetic motion, sperm viability and morphology. For experiment 2: mixed/combined 0.12g (maltose and trehalose) revealed more progressive motility (PM %) at 0h and reduced after cryopreservation. Table 6 and 9: of experiment 1 and 2 showed an interaction caused by sugar concentration level and evaluation time (L X ET) on the percentage of cut head M (CH%) and coiled M(C%) morphological abnormalities. In conclusion addition of maltose 0.12g to the extender showed almost similar results with that of trehalose at 0h and 120h. Therefore addition of maltose and trehalose to the extender might improve the quality of Boer goat spermatozoa prior and post cryopreservation. / NRF

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. / [21], 280 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps, plates ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1990

<p>This document is the final report to the thesis executed by Henrik Granlund at the University of Linköping. The thesis is a practical assignment which includes an extension of the currently existing modelling tool GOAT. The extension regards to a integration of the internet based security database, the SHIELDS SVRS. The report goes through an overview of how GOAT is designed and later also the parts that has been extended. There after follows a summary and discussion about the work.</p>

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of embryo cryopreservation techniques on the survivability of embryos and fertility following transfer to Boer goat does. The oestrous cycles of 27 mature recipients Boer goat does were synchronised using controlled internal drug release dispensers (CIDR’s) for 16 days. At CIDR removal, does were injected with 300 IU eCG. The recipient does were allocated to 3 groups (n = 9 per group), based on the technique of cryopreservation used for the embryos transferred. The in vivo produced embryos used were at blastocyst stage and surgically collected on day 6 following AI from Boer goat donors superovulated with pFSH. The first group received fresh embryos and served as the control, the second group of does received conventional slow frozen/thawed embryos and the third group received vitrified/thawed embryos. Two blastocysts were transferred per doe. A pregnancy rate of 85.7% (n = 6) was obtained following the transfer of fresh embryos and tended to be better than in does receiving slow frozen and vitrified embryos, (n = 4; 50.0% and n = 3; 37.5% does pregnant, respectively). The overall gestation period recorded for all does was 146.3 ± 3.0 d, with an overall litter size of 1.7 ± 0.5 being recorded. The kidding rate of the recipient does declined to 57.0% (4) and 25.0% (2) for fresh and conventional slow frozen groups, respectively. An embryo survival rate of 35.7% (n = 5) for fresh, 25.0% (n = 4) for conventional slow freezing and 31.3% (n = 5) for vitrification was recorded and was not affected by the number of CL’s present on the respective ovaries at the time of transfer. There was a tendency for more females to be born than males (ratio 1 : 2, male : female) but this could not be related to the cryopreservation technique. Although the pregnancy rate following the transfer of fresh embryos was satisfactory, the embryo survival rate following the transfer of either fresh or cryopreserved embryos tended to be less acceptable. More research is warranted with larger numbers of animals, directed at improving the survivability of embryos following fresh and cryopreserved goat embryo transfer.

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of embryo cryopreservation techniques on the survivability of embryos and fertility following transfer to Boer goat does. The oestrous cycles of 27 mature recipients Boer goat does were synchronised using controlled internal drug release dispensers (CIDR’s) for 16 days. At CIDR removal, does were injected with 300 IU eCG. The recipient does were allocated to 3 groups (n = 9 per group), based on the technique of cryopreservation used for the embryos transferred. The in vivo produced embryos used were at blastocyst stage and surgically collected on day 6 following AI from Boer goat donors superovulated with pFSH. The first group received fresh embryos and served as the control, the second group of does received conventional slow frozen/thawed embryos and the third group received vitrified/thawed embryos. Two blastocysts were transferred per doe. A pregnancy rate of 85.7% (n = 6) was obtained following the transfer of fresh embryos and tended to be better than in does receiving slow frozen and vitrified embryos, (n = 4; 50.0% and n = 3; 37.5% does pregnant, respectively). The overall gestation period recorded for all does was 146.3 ± 3.0 d, with an overall litter size of 1.7 ± 0.5 being recorded. The kidding rate of the recipient does declined to 57.0% (4) and 25.0% (2) for fresh and conventional slow frozen groups, respectively. An embryo survival rate of 35.7% (n = 5) for fresh, 25.0% (n = 4) for conventional slow freezing and 31.3% (n = 5) for vitrification was recorded and was not affected by the number of CL’s present on the respective ovaries at the time of transfer. There was a tendency for more females to be born than males (ratio 1 : 2, male : female) but this could not be related to the cryopreservation technique. Although the pregnancy rate following the transfer of fresh embryos was satisfactory, the embryo survival rate following the transfer of either fresh or cryopreserved embryos tended to be less acceptable. More research is warranted with larger numbers of animals, directed at improving the survivability of embryos following fresh and cryopreserved goat embryo transfer.