Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are becoming increasing relevant in policy making and governance activities. However, the broad effects of digital governance have not been adequately conceptualised; conflicting assumptions vary from rather optimistic accounts of empowered citizens to even completely dismissing the potential of engagement through technical means. This research attempts to reposition the impact of ICTs on policy making and political communities. Drawing from institutional studies, an integrated perspective is synthesised to guide case investigations in three main directions: (1) the way influences from the institutional environment are understood and balanced locally, (2) the co-evolution of institutional and technological configurations and (3) the dynamic response of institutional actors to the challenge of online engagement. The empirical part focuses on two different contexts (local government authorities and a trade union federation) that cover the holistic objective of this study. The findings inform on the extent to which ICTs are actually merging with existing governance structures. Both studies show that policy making is fundamentally different from other activities at the general intersection of Internet and politics. Citizens form online communities to organise ad hoc around single issue movements. However, this does not necessarily translate into sustainable and meaningful participation in formal politics. Hence, adapting institutional structures emerges as a complicated challenge beyond fitting technical means into existing engagement activities. On this basis, the thesis questions the extent to which policy making mechanisms are able to enact engagement from the grassroots, as for example encouraged by the social media collaboration philosophy. Implications for practice show how the alignment between new tools and the existing norms has the potential to identify paths of least resistance, and then exploit them to accomplish positives changes whose beneficial effects should not be taken for granted.

Pastaruoju metu ir Lietuvoje, ir visoje Europoje labai aktualus tiek žmonių, priklausančių tautinėms mažumoms, tiek neįgalių asmenų klausimas. Tačiau integracijos problema dar aktualesnė ir sudėtingesnė, kai žmogus priklauso dviem diskriminuojamoms grupėms vienu metu. Viena vertus, valstybinės institucijos ne visuomet pajėgios tenkinti neįgalių asmenų poreikius, susijusius su negalia, antra vertus, nekreipiamas dėmesys į jų tautinę tapatybę. Paprastai dominuojanti grupė į šiuos žmones žiūri per negalios prizmę, o jų tautinė priklausomybė ir su ja susiję integracijos aspektai pamirštami. Siekiant išsiaiškinti, ar nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto tautinių mažumų atstovai suvokia savo tautinę priklausomybę ir kiek svarbus šiomis dienomis jų tautinio pagrindo išsaugojimas, buvo atliktas šis tyrimas. Tyrimo tikslas - išnagrinėti skirtingų tautybių nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto vaikų socialinės integracijos tautinį aspektą. Tikslui pasiekti buvo užsibrėžti šie uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti skirtingų tautybių nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto vaik�� žinias apie savo tautinę tapatybę bei santykį su Lietuvos kultūra; nustatyti mokinių savijautą įvairiatautėje aplinkoje; išsiaiškinti mokytojų požiūrį į nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto vaikų ugdymo tautiniu aspektu galimybes bei tęstinį ugdymą. Tyrime dalyvavo 44 rusų, lenkų ir lietuvių tautybės mokiniai, turintys nežymų intelekto sutrikimą, bei 7 mokytojai, kaip ekspertai. Tyrimo metodu buvo pasirinkta anketinė apklausa. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays the situation of people who belong to national minorities and disable people is very important in Lithuania and all the countries of Europe. Bul integration becomes rnore complieated when a person belongs to both of these groups contemporaneously. From one side government institutions are not capable to meet all cases about disability, from another side they don't pay attention to ethnicity of these people. To understand the relation between mentally retarded children and their ethnic dependence this rescarch was earried out. Its aim is to find out an ethnic aspect of sočiai integration of mentally retarded children from national minorities. To reach this aim such tasks wcre raised: to find out what mentally retarded children know about their ethnic and national culture; what teachers think about the possibilities to integrate mentally retarded children within ethnical context. The method used in the paper is questionnaire survey. 44 pupils and 7 teachers were polled. The results obtain during the research show that major part of mentally retarded children know about their nationality. Teachers also agree ethnical aspects to be vcry important in the process of sočiai integration and attention shouid be payed to them.

Magistro darbo tikslas ištirti vietos savivaldos institucijų ir nevyriausybinių organizacijų bendradarbiavimo bei finansavimo galimybes. Šio darbo objektas - Šiaulių miesto nevyriausybinių organizacijų atstovų, vietos savivaldos institucijų darbuotojų ir Šiaulių miesto gyventojų apklausa. Darbo tikslui įgyvendinti buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą nevyriausybinių organizacijų klausimu; atskleisti nevyriausybinių organizacijų vaidmenį viešajame gyvenime; išanalizuoti teorinius savivaldybių ir nevyriausybinių organizacijų bendradarbiavimo aspektus; išanalizuoti nevyriausybinių organizacijų siekius, lūkesčius, tikslus Šiaulių mieste; atlikti Šiaulių nevyriausybinių organizacijų ir vietos savivaldos institucijų darbuotojų anketinę apklausą; apklausti žodžiu Šiaulių miesto gyventojus apie nevyriausybinių organizacijų vykdomą veiklą gimtajame mieste. Pagrindiniai tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė; anketinė anoniminė apklausa; atsitiktinė gyventojų apklausa; sisteminė ir lyginamoji duomenų analizė. Pagrindinės tyrimo hipotezės: nevyriausybinės organizacijos yra nepatenkintos bendradarbiavimo galimybėmis su vietos valdžios institucijomis; finansavimo ir rėmimo šaltiniai nevyriausybinėms organizacijoms yra labai menki; nevyriausybinių organizacijų vykdomai veiklai neskiriama nuolatinė finansinė parama. Atlikus tyrimus paaiškėjo, kad daugelis Šiaulių miesto vietos savivaldos institucijų darbuotojų yra visiškai nesusiję NVO vykdoma veikla... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this master‘s work is to explore collaboration and sponsorship peculiarities of local government and non-governmental organizations. The object of this work – survey of non-governmental organizations members, local government’s institution employees and inhabitants of Šiauliai city. To realize the aim of this master‘s work were set out such goals as to analyze theoretical collaboration aspects of local government and non-governmental organizations; to reveal the role of non-governmental organizations in public life; to find out objectives and expectations of non-governmental organizations in Šiauliai city; to accomplish a questionnaire survey of non-governmental members and local government‘s employees of Šiauliai city; to examine verbally inhabitants of Šiauliai city about non-governmental organizations performing activities in their home town. The main research methods are: the analysis of nonfiction literature; the anonymous questionnaire survey; the accidental inhabitant survey; the comparative and classified data analyses. The basic research hypotheses are: the non-governmental organizations are not satisfied with the collaboration possibilities of local government; sponsorship sources of non-governmental organizations are very little; non-governmental organizations are not giving permanent financial support. While accomplished researches it emerged that employees of local government are little acquainted with non-governmental organizations performing... [to full text]

Tema aktuali, nes išanalizavus bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų savivaldos institucijų veiklą, bus parengtas Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų savivaldos institucijų vaidmens didinimo, gerinant ugdymo procesą, stiprinant bendravimą ir bendradarbiavimą, modelis. Tyrimo objektas: Savivaldos institucijų veikla Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose. Tyrimo problema: nepriklausomos Lietuvos mokyklos kūrimo pradžioje buvo sudarytos sąlygos iniciatyvioms, organizuotoms, kūrybingoms mokyklų bendruomenių savivaldos institucijoms atskleisti savo sugebėjimus ir veikti savo labui. Jau turėjome sukaupti nemažai patirties, o ar iš tikrųjų taip yra? Ar Lietuvos Respublikos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose sėkmingai veikia savivaldos institucijos , kokios jų pagrindinės funkcijos bei įtaka mokyklos gyvenimo ir veiklos įvairovei? Sprendžiant šią problemą galima iškelti hipotezę: ugdomojo proceso kokybė didinama per savivaldą, būtent mokyklos savivalda gali padėti siekti geresnių ugdymo rezultatų, nuoširdesnio bendravimo ir bendradarbiavimo. Tyrimo tikslas: ištirti savivaldos institucijų veiklą bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose ir nustatyti jų organizavimo dėsningumus. Tyrimo metodai: pedagoginės, psichologinės literatūros ir švietimo dokumentų studijavimas, anketinė apklausa, veiklos vertinimo dokumentų analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė, kompiuterinių duomenų apdorojimas.schemų ir diagramų palyginimas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: išnagrinėti mokyklinę savivaldą kaip demokratinę ugdymo priemonę, nustatyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The theme is topical because after analysing the work of self-government of comprehensive schools, the model will be created which will enlarge the role of self-government in comprehensive schools and will strengthen communication and intercorporation. The object of survey: the work of self-government of comprehensive schools. The problem of the survey: in the beggining of creating process of schools in Lithuania, the conditions for creative, well - organized, proactive self – governments to reveal their abilities were created. Are the self - governments in schools successfully functioning in the Republic of Lithuania, what are the main functions of them, what effect they have for school life and the variety of activities they carry out? While solving that problem, the hipothesis arrises: the quality of educational process is increased through self-government at schools. Self - government helps to search for better results, more sincere communication and intercorporation. The aim of the survey: to analyse the work of self - government of comprehensive schools and to find out the regularity of its organisation. The methods of the survey: the analysis of pedagogical, psichological literature and documents on education, a questionnaire, the analysis of work evaluation documents, the analysis of statistical data, processing of computer data, the comparison of schemes and diagrams. The goal of the survey: to analyse school‘s self - government as the means of democratical... [to full text]

La thèse a pour objet les relations entre gouvernements locaux (et régionaux) et intérêts économiques et leur contribution respective à la construction politique des territoires. La thèse vise à mettre au jour les mécanismes soutenant la cristallisation et la stabilisation des systèmes d’acteurs à différents niveaux territoriaux. Cette problématique est explorée à partir d’une étude comparative des stratégies territoriales de développement économique dans deux régions non-capitales, Lyon et Milan, dès la crise industrielle des années 1970 jusqu’aux processus de métropolisation économique. Ce travail démontre que la construction politique des territoires s’explique à la fois par la capacité d’action des gouvernements locaux et par la capacité de mobilisation des intérêts économiques. Il permet de déceler des différences durables entre les deux cas : ainsi dans le cas lyonnais et rhônalpin, les institutions publiques ont un rôle d’encadrement des processus de développement plus fort, alors que ce sont plutôt les intérêts économiques qui orientent les choix publics dans les cas milanais et lombard. Ces différences ont des répercussions sur les échelles de gouvernement : dans le cas français, la présence d’une institution de gouvernement puissante, en l’occurrence le gouvernement métropolitain, a contribué à fixer stablement les systèmes d’acteurs à cette échelle. En revanche, en Italie il n’est pas possible d’identifier une échelle dominante sur le temps long, en raison de la présence d’intérêts économiques multi-positionnés et de la prééminence de logiques politico-partisanes qui joue contre le renforcement des institutions publiques. / This thesis studies the relationships between local (and regional) governments and economic interests and their contribution to the political construction of territories. The thesis aims to uncover the mechanisms supporting the crystallization and stabilization of systems of actors at different territorial levels. This issue is analysed through a comparative analysis of territorial economic strategies of two non-capital regions in France and Italy, Lyon and Milan, since the industrial crisis of the 1970s to the recent process of economic metropolitanization. This work demonstrates that the political construction of territories depends both on the capacity of action of local governments and the mobilisation of economic interests. As for the types of relationships between local governments and economic interests, stable variations between the two cases stand out from the analysis: in the French case public institutions have a more directive role in the government of local economic development policies, while it is rather the economic interests that influence public action in the Italian case. These differences have implications on the scales of government: in the French case the presence of a powerful government institution, namely the metropolitan government, contributed to stably secure the systems of actors on this scale. By contrast, in Italy it is not possible to identify a dominant and stable scale along time due to the presence of powerful and multi positioned economic interests and to the domination of partisan logics over institution-building processes.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the level of user satisfaction of the official document integration system for fundamental government institutions. Subjects of this study include administrative personnel of each level of schools of Kaohsiung County Government. Adopting the questionnaire method, a total of 156 effective questionnaires were collected with a return rate at 77.61%. Through a self-designed questionnaire entitled, ¡§Questionnaire on the level of satisfaction for the use of official document integration system¡¨ with items including information quality, system quality and service quality as the research tool, this study employs SPSS as the analysis tool and the statistic methods include reliability analysis, factor analysis, descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The findings include: 1. There are no significant differences among each factor of variables such as information quality, system quality and service quality for the subjects of different ¡§gender¡¨, ¡§educational level¡¨, ¡§years of service¡¨, ¡§number of changes¡¨ and ¡§number of years of using the system¡¨. 2. Other than a significant difference on the level of satisfaction for the use of information, there are no significant differences among each aspects of variables such as system quality and service quality for subjects of different ¡§position¡¨, ¡§scale of school¡¨ and ¡§location of school¡¨. 3. Other than a significant difference on the level of satisfaction for electrical exchange and function operation, there are no significant differences in other factors in the service quality aspect for subjects ¡§with or without file management personnel¡¨. 4. Other than a significant difference on the level of satisfaction on the use of interface and customer service quality, there are no significant differences in the factors in the information quality aspect for subjects at different ¡§level of use of the system¡¨. 5. There are positive correlations among information quality, system quality and service quality. When the correlation index increases, it influences the level of satisfaction for the users on the official document integration system. In addition, the conclusions, limitations and suggestions are furthered described and investigated according the research findings.

The thesis deals with corporate identity, corporate design and corporate image of the Czech government institutions. Special attention is paid to logo, using colours or shapes, typography and composition in terms of theory of graphic design and comparision of foreign examples. In its conclusion the thesis presents graphic manual of a government corporate identity as a proposal to the future.

La investigación en cuestión trata acerca de las restricciones en el uso de las redes sociales en instituciones gubernamentales. En la introducción se menciona que las redes sociales se están consolidando como los canales oficiales para la interacción entre los funcionarios públicos y la población, y que cada vez es más frecuente que las personas consulten directamente con las redes de los distintos canales gubernamentales para adquirir información de primera mano. El objetivo del presente documento es establecer pautas claras sobre cómo se deben manejar las redes sociales en el ámbito gubernamental, teniendo en cuenta que las opiniones vertidas en ellas también consisten en un ejercicio de la libertad de expresión. Se destaca la importancia de tratar adecuadamente el tema en el sistema judicial. En cuanto a las restricciones, se menciona que es necesario tener cuidado con la información confidencial y protegerl adecuadamente. También se debe evitar hacer comentarios ofensivos o discriminatorios, así como publicar información falsa o engañosa. Además, se recomienda no utilizar las redes sociales para fines personales o partidistas. En conclusión, este trabajo ofrece una guía útil para el manejo adecuado de las redes sociales en instituciones gubernamentales, destacando la importancia de proteger la información confidencial y evitar comentarios ofensivos o engañosos. / The current investigation it’s about the restrictions in the use of the government entities’ social networks. In the introduction it is mentioned that the social networks are consolidating as the official channels for the interaction between the public workers and the population, and that i t is becoming more common that the people ask directly with the networks of the different government channels to acquire first hand information. The objective of this document is to establish clear guidelines on how social media should be managed in the governmental sphere, taking into account that the opinions expressed in them also constitute an exercise of freedom of expression. The importance of properly addressing the issue within the judicial system is emphasized. Regarding restrictions, it is mentioned that it is necessary to be careful with confidential information and protect it adequately. Offensive or discriminatory comments should also be avoided, as well as the dissemination of false or misleading information. Furthermore, it is recommended not to use social media for personal or partisan purposes. In conclusion, this work provides a useful guide for the proper management of social media in governmental institutions, highlighting the importance of protecting confidential information and avoiding offensive or misleading comments.

The ongoing disregard for the American vice presidency, and for those who would and do hold the office, in conjunction with the scarcity of academic research devoted specifically to the development of the institution, warrants the following study. Indeed, this study is relatively novel to the existent body of political science research which ventures to evaluate the vice presidency. Generally, research and publications on the vice presidency have tended to focus on variables such as ticket-balancing and home-state advantage; critiques of individual vice presidents; and more recently, specific policy spheres where modern vice presidents have been involved. In contrast, this project is devoted exclusively to isolating the institutional markers that have increased the broad utility of the position of vice president of the United States and, in the process, have augmented the development of the vice-presidential institution. These institutional markers include augmentation by precedent, statute, and constitutional amendment; increases in the resources made available to the institution; the addition of institutional identifiers; and the gradual accumulation of policy portfolios and responsibilities assigned to vice presidents. Underscoring each of the preceding institutional markers has been the vital role specific presidents have played in facilitating the development of the vice-presidential institution; indeed, the form and the substance of the vice presidency today is almost entirely the product of presidential initiative. In total, this study represents an interpretive synthesis of the historical record of the American vice presidency and how that record reflects the development of the institution. In the end, salient institutional markers have led to the development of a modern, utilitarian institution, one that is now fully integrated into the executive government. Of equal import, the standing of the vice presidency today, legitimizes the individual serving in the office, and furthers the influence of the vice president in the executive government. And, in telling the story of the development of the vice presidency, it is readily apparent that a combination of anecdotal and empirical evidence support the thesis of a changed institution, closely integrated with, and dependent upon, the presidency.

人口販運是一個已經全球化大大增加了全球性的問題，非法貿易的興起，以及冷戰的結束. 販毒後. 販賣人口是脖子到脖子軍火工業作為世界上第二大犯罪行業. 其目的是研究拉丁美洲的人口販賣情況和瓜地馬拉的公私營界別合作推行的反人口販賣活動. 由於在該區域的有限調查, 這項研究將是讀者不知道在拉丁美洲人口販賣的情況作出了貢獻。這項研究將使用輔助數據，如多邊組織的報告，政府機構，而且最重要的進行了訪談，以非政府組織。PPP的工作經歷在瓜地馬拉的兩個信道是積極的。政府機構間和打擊販賣人口的政府機構，非政府組織，政府間組織和非政府組織組成的網絡。這項研究描述了從政府方面所做的努力，以及在打擊人口販運瓜地馬拉非政府組織的知識和專長。 / Human Trafficking is a global issue increased dramatically with globalization, the rise of illicit trade, and the end of the Cold War. After drug trafficking, human trafficking is neck-to-neck with the arms industry as the second largest criminal industry in the world. The purpose is to study Latin America’s human trafficking situation and Guatemala’s Private-Public Partnership in implementing anti-human trafficking activities. Due to the limited investigations in the region, this study will be a contribution to readers that do not know the situation of human trafficking in Latin America. The study will use secondary data such as reports from multilateral organizations, government institutions, and most importantly conducted interviews to NGOs. The PPP work has been positive through two channels of communication in Guatemala. The interagency of government institutions and the network against human trafficking composed of the government institutions, INGOs, IGOs and NGOs. This study describes the efforts from the government side as well as the knowledge and expertise on NGOs in combating human trafficking in Guatemala.