This study examines the impact of children’s grants on household access to food, education and health care. In the face of increased poverty and socio-economic inequalities, social grants are a critical poverty alleviation intervention implemented by the government of South Africa. The children’s grants are offered as part of the social security system which is provided for in the Republic of South Africa Constitution of 1996 and the Social Assistance Act of 2004. The basic needs conceptual framework is the lens informing the focus of the study. Among other major findings, the study reveals that (a) childrens grants play a critical role in improvement of access to food, health care and education, (b) childrens grants are used as collateral, to access short term loans, and (c) social networks and home gardens play a significant role in aiding children’s grants to ensure household access to food, education and health care.

Si la cession des propriétés publiques est un phénomène en vogue, il reste discret au plan doctrinal. Ce décalage entre la théorie et la pratique s’explique par sa place instable, entre le droit public et le droit privé. Par conséquent, l’étude de la cession implique un effort de classification, puis un exercice de déduction, en dépassant la distinction classique, entre le domaine public et le domaine privé, au profit d’un monisme domanial. Cette conception tire les conséquences de la modernisation du droit administratif des biens, derrière la bannière de la propriété publique, tout en offrant une large place au critère organique. Elle présente également l’avantage d’une application immédiate, sans relais de la part du législateur. Cependant, la pérennité de ce modèle dépendra de la conservation d’un équilibre, entre la liberté de l’administration-propriétaire, et la continuité du service public. Pour préserver cet héritage, les bases constitutionnelles du droit des biens publics devront être confirmées, et de manière explicite. / Even though the disposal of publicly-owned assets is occurring more and more frequently, these activities remain doctrinally unclear. The discrepancy between the theory and practice of such disposals can be explained by their uncertain position between public law and private law. Consequently, when considering such disposals, attention is paid to their classification and the exercise of judgement which goes beyond the traditional distinction between public and private domains in favour of the application of a single principle of public ownership. This concept has as consequence the modernization of administrative property law in the context of public ownership with an emphasis on the criteria of institutional law. It also has the advantage of being put into practice immediately without intervention from the legislature. However, this model will only be sustainable if it can maintain a balance between the prerogative of the administration-owners and the continuity of public services. To maintain this legacy, the constitutional basis of the law of publicly-owned assets must be confirmed explicitly

A participação dos governos no financiamento de programas voltados para estimular as inovações tem sido crescente nos últimos anos. Nesse contexto, as instituições de fomento aos programas de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação (P,D&I) demandam processos de avaliação dos efeitos e dos impactos dos programas financiados pelo setor público, sobretudo dos projetos oriundos do financiamento não-reembolsáveis das atividades de inovação diretamente às empresas, isto é, a subvenção econômica (SE) à inovação, que são relativamente recentes no Brasil. Assim, objetivo geral desta Tese é construir um modelo para avaliação dos efeitos e dos impactos de programas públicos de Pesquisa, (P,D&I), considerando as dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável e especificidades locais. Para tanto, esta Tese está estruturada em 05 artigos, além da Introdução e Considerações Finais. No ARTIGO 1, foi elaborada uma proposta de indicadores para avaliar impactos da inovação no Espírito Santo (ES) e regiões semelhantes. No ARTIGO 2, identificou-se a oportunidade de avaliar os projetos oriundos da SE. No ARTIGO 3, elaborou-se uma revisão bibliométrica e análise de conteúdo sobre a SE no Brasil. No ARTIGO 4, foram apresentadas as etapas de construção do instrumento de avaliação de efeitos e impactos e, por fim, no ARTIGO 5, avaliou-se 53 projetos concluídos nos estados do ES, Santa Catarina (SC) e Paraná (PR). Construiu-se um modelo para estimar o efeito de cada dimensão para atingir os resultados propostos do programa. A principal contribuição desta Tese, é a proposta de construção de um modelo de avaliação de efeitos e impactos que permitiu mostrar que os projetos, oriundos da SE, ampliaram a competitividade das empresas a nível nacional e as inovações realizadas explicam o aumento percentual médio anual de 32,02% do faturamento das empresas. Outros efeitos e impactos relevantes também foram identificados como significativos para as empresas apoiadas considerando as dimensões tecnológica, cultura de inovação e relacionamento; no entanto, nas dimensões sociais e ambientais os impactos para a sociedade não foram significativos. Uma implicação desta Tese é a recomendação aos gestores públicos para que desenhem e operacionalizem a SE à inovação considerando as dimensões sociais e ambientais uma vez que não houve evidências de impactos significativos para este escopo do programa. / The participation of governments in funding programs designed to stimulate innovation has been increasing in recent years. In this context, research, development and innovation (R&D&I) institutions require processes to evaluate the effects and impacts of public sector funded programs, especially those from non-reimbursable financing of innovation activities directly to the companies, that is, the grants innovation (SE), which are relatively recent in Brazil. Thus, the general objective of this thesis is to construct a model to evaluate the effects and impacts of public research programs, (R&D&I), considering the dimensions of sustainable development and local specificities. Therefore, this thesis is structured in 05 articles, besides the Introduction and Final Considerations. In ARTICLE 1, a proposal was made for indicators to evaluate the impact of innovation in Espírito Santo State (ES) and similar regions. In ARTICLE 2, the opportunity to evaluate projects from the SE was identified. In ARTICLE 3, a bibliometric review and content analysis on SE in Brazil was elaborated. In ARTICLE 4, the stages of construction of the instrument for the evaluation of effects and impacts were presented, and finally, in ARTICLE 5, 53 projects completed in the Santa Catarina State (SC) and Paraná State (PR) were evaluated. A model was constructed to estimate the effect of each dimension to achieve the proposed project results. The main contribution of this Thesis is the proposal for the construction of a model for the evaluation of effects and impacts, which showed that the projects, from the SE, increased the competitiveness of the companies at national level and the innovations carried out explain the 32,02% business income. Other relevant benefits were also identified as significant for the companies supported considering the technological dimensions, innovation culture and relationship; however, in the social and environmental dimensions the impacts to society were not significant. One implication of this thesis is the recommendation to public managers to design and operationalize SE to innovation considering the social and environmental dimensions since there was no evidence of significant impacts for this program scope.

The main aim of the thesis titled Regional policy and its effects on the level LAU2 is to identify the effects of the instruments and measures of regional policy based on the analysis development of selected municipalities, namely municipalities Třeštice and Knínice that are part of microregion Telčsko in the Vysočina. The theoretical part deals with regional policy and changes in its concept, problems of EU funds, strategic documents and possible ways of financing development projects from national and regional resources. The practical part deals with socio-economic analysis of the municipalities and create a list of received grants. Effects of various project groups to changes of socio-economic indicators are assessed on this base.

The subject of the thesis "SME support programs and their use in South Bohemia region" is an analysis of SME support programs, assessment of the current status of implementation of aid programs aimed at this segment of business in South Bohemia region and prediction of the 2014-2020 programming period. There is also analyzed the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation, which is primarily aimed at supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. confidering the allocation of financial resources it is the most important subsidy program for the development of this segment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5540.pdf: 9186598 bytes, checksum: c3f42a5a8f2a8a6b266c43e4bb26b728 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The modernization of the cities has brought an improvement in the lives of the urban population, although the negative consequences weigh considerably. In any kind of transformation, the negative effects are not always considered and treated to abolish them or less minimize them. Traffic is a clear example of this fact. The significant increase in the fleet of vehicles has generated several urban problems such as high rates of occurrence and severity of traffic accidents, congestion and degradation of the urban environment, influencing the quality of life. With the enactment of the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB) in 1988, municipalities assumed the responsibility to manage their traffic, adding to his responsibilities the authority to act in this area taking into account the interests and local peculiarities. In this sense, each municipality must municipalise directly assuming the powers specified in Article 24 of the CTB. However, municipalities have been reluctant to take charge of decentralization of traffic. According to data DENATRAN (2012), only 1,221 municipalities have effectively assumed the management of their traffic, which corresponds to 29% of 5,563 Brazilian municipalities. Many factors can be pointed as responsible for this reluctance, and one of them is the lack of knowledge of the reality of local traffic. It is important that the institutions, who are competent to intervene on the county road system and its maintenance, to know the dynamics of the space on which they intend to launch campaigns, a quality management includes the selection, acquisition, integration and use of information so systematized. The management and analysis of information associated with meaningful comparisons must adequately support the decision making process within the organization. Given this, the Geographic Information Systems - GIS become an effective tool and capable of helping the management, providing a modern and agile tool for specialized studies, with the recognition of the traffic situation as a whole. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to the management of municipal public transit in cities small and medium-sized Brazilian, through the development of a tutorial to support the implementation of a geographic information system free - Free GIS, showing that it is not always necessary high investment amount for the production of quality information for management of a city road. / A modernização das cidades tem trazido melhoria na vida da população urbana, embora as consequências adversas pesem consideravelmente. Em todo tipo de transformação, os efeitos negativos nem sempre são considerados e tratados de maneira a extingui-los ou, ao menos, minimizá-los. O trânsito é um exemplo claro deste fato. O aumento significativo da frota de veículos automotores tem gerado inúmeros problemas urbanos, tais como: elevadas taxas de ocorrência e severidade de acidentes de trânsito, congestionamentos e degradação do ambiente urbano, influenciando a qualidade de vida da população. O Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB), de 1988, tornou possível que os municípios assumissem a incumbência de gerenciar o seu trânsito, somando à sua responsabilidade a competência para atuar nessa área, atendendo aos interesses e peculiaridades locais. Nesse sentido, cada município pode municipalizar assumindo diretamente as competências especificadas no Art. 24 do CTB. Porém, os municípios têm relutado em assumir o encargo da municipalização do trânsito. De acordo com dados do DENATRAN (2012), apenas 1.221 municípios já assumiram efetivamente o gerenciamento do seu trânsito, o que corresponde a 29 % do total de 5.563 municípios brasileiros. Muitos fatores podem ser apontados como responsáveis por esta relutância e, um deles é a falta de conhecimento da realidade do trânsito local. É importante que os órgãos, aos quais compete a intervenção sobre o sistema viário do município, bem como a sua manutenção, conheçam a dinâmica do espaço sobre o qual pretendem viabilizar ações, uma gestão com qualidade engloba a seleção, obtenção, integração e uso de informações de forma sistematizadas. A gestão e análise de informações, associadas com comparações pertinentes, devem apoiar adequadamente o processo decisório dentro da organização. Diante disto, os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica SIG tornam-se uma ferramenta eficaz e capaz de auxiliar a gestão, possibilitando um moderno e ágil instrumento para estudos especializados, com o reconhecimento da situação do trânsito como um todo. Portanto, este trabalho buscou contribuir com a gestão pública municipal de trânsito em cidades de pequeno e médio portes brasileiras, por meio do desenvolvimento de um tutorial para subsidiar a implantação de um sistema de informação geográfica livre - SIG Livre, mostrando que nem sempre é necessário investimentos de alto montante para a produção de informações com qualidade, para gerenciamento viário de um município.

Em um contexto de crescimento do volume de transferências de recursos públicos para entidades do terceiro setor e, ainda, de aumento do número de parcerias do Estado com tais entidades, cresce também a importância do controle estatal sobre as suas políticas de fomento e sobre a aplicação dos recursos transferidos. Paralelamente, a mídia, os órgãos estatais de controle e a academia jurídica manifestam preocupações com a corrupção na destinação desses recursos e com a ineficiência no seu emprego. Todos ainda enfrentam o desafio de fortalecer o terceiro setor, simultaneamente ao fortalecimento do controle do fomento estatal. A legislação federal brasileira, contudo, ainda não trata do assunto com o devido cuidado. Há um descompasso entre a importância do tema para o país, de um lado, e a insuficiência da legislação que o rege, de outro. Com este pano de fundo, esta tese descreve, primeiramente, qual é o direito vigente em matéria de controle estatal das transferências de recursos públicos da União para o terceiro setor. Em segundo lugar, aponta alguns dos principais problemas deste direito. Finalmente, sugere soluções para o seu aperfeiçoamento. Como ponto de partida para essas três vertentes de investigação, a tese trabalha com a hipótese de que tal controle é disciplinado por uma complexa teia de textos normativos que necessita ser reformada. O resultado das investigações é a confirmação desta hipótese, à medida que são reunidas evidências de que o quadro normativo geral é demasiado complexo, lacônico, excessivamente talhado pela via infralegal, descompassado com a Constituição Federal e ainda ineficaz a despeito de suas últimas reformas , demandando, sim, uma reforma legislativa. Com inspiração em projetos e anteprojetos de lei, assim como nas experiências espanhola e estadunidense pertinentes ao assunto e, ainda, levando em conta o diagnóstico de problemas efetuado, a tese defende seis medidas para reforma da legislação brasileira. Sustenta que tais medidas podem contribuir para a solução de parcela importante dos problemas da legislação vigente, tornando o controle estatal das transferências de recursos públicos para o terceiro setor mais democrático e consentâneo com os princípios constitucionais da impessoalidade, publicidade, motivação e eficiência. / In a context of growth in the volume of government transfers to nonprofit organizations, as well as in the number of partnerships between the state and these entities, there is also a growing need for the state to control its own funding policies and the use of the transferred resources. Simultaneously, the media, the state controlling agencies and the legal academia manifest their concern with the corruption involved in the destination of those resources and the inefficiency in its application. They also face the challenge of strengthening the nonprofit sector while curbing illegal behavior and strengthening state control of government stimulus initiatives. The federal legislation, however, still does not cope with the matter in a cautious way. There is a mismatch between the importance of the subject to the country, on one hand, and the limitations of the legislation that should govern it, on the other hand. Against this backdrop, this thesis describes, first, what is the current law governing federal control of its own funding of nonprofit organizations. Second, it points out some of the key problems of the existing legislation. Finally, it suggests solutions for its improvement. As a starting point for these three lines of investigation, it works with the hypothesis that the state control over grants to nonprofits is regulated by a complex net of legal norms which needs to be reformed. The result of the investigations confirms this hypothesis, as the thesis assembles evidences of an existing legal framework extraordinarily complex, laconic, excessively tailored through regulations in lieu of statutes, not totally aligned with the Federal Constitution and inefficient in spite of its latest reforms all these characteristics demanding, unequivocally, a statutory reform. Taking into account the diagnosis made and with an inspiration in bills and other legislative proposals in Congress, as well as in the Spanish and American experiences in the matter, the thesis pinpoints a number of six initiatives for the reform of the Brazilian legislation. It sustains that these initiatives should contribute to the solution of an important part of the flaws of the existing legislation, turning the state control of governmental transfers to nonprofits more democratic and tuned with constitutional principles governing the public administration, such as equality, publicity, reasoning and efficiency.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / This study focuses on information flows in the social grant process from a user experience perspective. The study was conducted with the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), which is responsible for the administration and distribution of social grants to underprivileged citizens. Social grants help poor citizens to attain equitable income on a monthly basis. Grants play an increasingly important role in reducing poverty and inequality in South Africa, but are also subject to challenges like dependency, mismanagement and corruption. Information flow within SASSA is essential for the coordination of the grant process. The success of administering any social grant process depends largely on efficient communication practices and stable information technology. Communication among grant users requires the transfer of relevant information from its point of inception to the next point(s) of use. Government departments are transposing their paper-based systems into digital systems, which pose new implications for grant administration, however. Accordingly, the use of electronic services in government should mean faster information flow and, thus, more effective service delivery. The literature reveals, however, that non-technical aspects like user experience (UX) are essential in designing meaningful e-government systems. With a focus on user experience, this study uncovers the problems that SASSA and grant users face in the grant process and works toward possible solutions to resolve these problems. This research lays an important foundation in terms of gaining a better understanding of information flows, e-government, and user experiences in the grant process. This research is exploratory in nature and adopts a qualitative interpretivist approach. To gain a deeper understanding of the perspectives and experiences of grant users, the researcher employed the „Institutionalise User Experience in Government‟ (IUXG) methodology. The study targeted individuals that had knowledge of the social grants. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the research participants. Furthermore, the researcher adopted a thematic analysis method to code and analyse data. The findings of this study revealed the centrality of user experience in the grant process, notably in terms of the many challenges associated with information flow. The findings also revealed that factors such as social grant awareness, availability and use of information technology, digital divide, and grant accessibility bring enormous impact on grant processes and service delivery. The study contributes a landscape model for depicting the information flows in processing grants, and develops a broader understanding of how technology can help users to better disburse, access, and utilise grants. The study also informs e- government practitioners about the design and implementation of user-centred design with emphasis on information flows. Key Words: Information flows, social grants, e-government, and user experience.

The diploma´s purport is to verify the care of historical monuments results and citizen´s, local government´s and administration´s position. Diploma feeds the view of the grant´s programms, which available in rural areas are. Further the care of historical monuments in Czech Republic is described. Diploma is sight on villages Hradešice, Kanice, Klenčí, Ostřetice, Pocinovice, Poleň, Stráž, Trhanov and Velké Hydčice.

This work analyses the possibility of using financial resources from European Union´s funds for benefit of tourism development in the microregion Nepomucko. As a part of this thesis I would like to find out what is the potential of this region in connection with tourism. Nepomucko is an interesting microregion in the western Bohemia which offer its nature and historical beauty. It´s able to attract visitors. This microregion has very good potential for development of rural tourism and therefore was created the design for the farm-house. That is why was one country estate renovated and used them in tourist trade. Each factor is analyzed in separate part, attention is also paid to financial resource, which is a important subject in the process. The aim of the study analysing finance and prosperity of this device and seems very optimistic. It evaluates, according to receipts and expenditures that this sort of tourism may be used for the development of tourism in this area. In Nepomucko there are posibilities for the future to target as facilities with hight quality, looking for a new segment of demand and using financial resources from European Union´s funds. Chances of the applicants in the West Bohemian region are suitable, they correspond with the resources of the ROP of the NUTS II SW. Regional policy of the European Union is a indispensable foundation of the development the tourist trade. Not only private subjects but also regions take advantage of using financial resources from European Union´s funds, because the winner takes it all.