Lifestyle belongs to the most significant factors that influence our health. Lifestyle of most people at the beginning of the 21st century is rather alarming. Healthy lifestyle counselling provides basic range of tests and examinations that determine the level of individual risk of a client. Risk analysis enables to recommend an optimum change in nutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, physical activity and stress management. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and practical part. The first part introduces theoretical determination of the issue. It deals with the concept of lifestyle and questions that influence health factors. In the practical part the research results are presented. The research focused on the description of lifestyle of healthy lifestyle counsellors. I used the method of a questionnaire and I processed the obtained data statistically. The research set consisted of 153 respondents working in the field of healthy lifestyle counselling. The control group consisted of 438 employees of Public Health Protection bodies. Based on the research I have concluded that healthy lifestyle counsellors are aware of the importance to keep healthy lifestyle, however, they do not always follow the particular recommendations. Main problems are above all a lack of physical activity, insufficient consumption of fish and legumes.

No Brasil, as doenças respiratórias infantis são importantes causas de morbi-mortalidade das crianças menores de cinco anos. Considerando o enfrentamento dessa realidade no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde, o Programa de Saúde da Família traz um novo trabalhador de saúde, representado pelo Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), com suas necessidades e demandas dentro dos serviços de saúde, tornando importante o estudo sobre instrumentos dirigidos à sua capacitação. Assim, esse estudo buscou desenvolver um jogo educativo sobre doenças respiratórias infantis, bem como avaliar a sua utilização no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos ACS. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, sendo a primeira descritiva sobre o desenvolvimento do jogo educativo e a segunda trata-se de um estudo de intervenção ou experimentação, com delineamento pré e pós-teste, de forma que a coleta de dados foi feita através de monitoramento contendo 22 questões, aplicadas antes e depois do jogo educativo. O conhecimento dos agentes foi classificado em insuficiente, regular, bom e ótimo, de acordo com a porcentagem de acertos. Teve como participantes a população de 101 ACS que trabalham nas 17 equipes de PSF de Passos-MG. O jogo foi estruturado em forma de casos de crianças e famílias, apresentando definições sobre doenças respiratórias infantis, assim como cuidados para a sua prevenção e recuperação. O material educativo foi composto de tabuleiro, cartas, piões e dados. A atividade educativa foi realizada de duas em duas equipes. No préteste sobre doenças respiratórias infantis houve média de 59,5% de acertos e no pós-teste de 79,3%. Predominou no pré-teste o conhecimento classificado como bom (77,2%) e no pósteste o conhecimento classificado como ótimo (67,3%). A metodologia utilizada envolveu aspectos lúdicos, facilitando a participação e interação entre os jogadores, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem a partir de suas experiências prévias. Constatou-se que o jogo educativo desenvolvido se mostrou eficaz como processo metodológico a ser utilizado em atividades de educação permanente com ACS. / In Brazil, the children’s breathing illness are important cause of children’s illness and deaths under five years old. Considering the facing up to this reality in the context of the primary attencion to the healthy, the Family Healthy Program (FHP) gives a new worker in the healthy, represented by the Helthy Communal Agent (HCA), with their necessities and demandes into the healthy devices, becoming important the study on devices carried on their capacity. So, this study seek to develop an educational game on children’s breathing illness, as weel as to evaluate its use in the HCA teaching-learning process. The study was achieved in two stages: the first was descriptive about the educational game developing and the second was an intervention or experimental study, with the pre-test and post-test outline, so that the informations collection was done through monitoration containing 22 questions on, applied before and after the educational game.The Agents knowledge was classified as insufficient, regular, good and best, acording to correct answers percentage These educational devices application near to 101 HCA who work in the 17 FHP teams in Passos – MG. The game was structured based on children and families’ cases, showing definitions about children’s breathing illness, as well care about their prevention and recuperation. The educational material was composed by board, cards, tops and dice. The educational activity was achieved two teams by two teams. In the pre-test on children’s breathing illness there were an average of 59.5% of the correct answers and in the post-test an average of 79.3%. The knowledge classified as good prevails in the pre-test (77.2%) and the knowledge classified as best prevails in the post-test (67.3%). The used methodology wrapped playful aspects, facilitating the participation and interation among the players, in favour the learning developing from their previous experiences. It was noticed that the developed educational game proves oneself efficient as a methological process to be used in permanent educational activities to HCA.

This thesis deals with the Local Agenda 21 (MA21) and its impact to the municipality development. The Local Agenda 21 was derived from The Agenda 21, the main document of sustainable development agreed by UN in 1992. It is generally known that society development, population growth and growing peoples needs meet the limited quantities of the resources. Exactly this conflict between unlimited peoples wants and the limited amount of the resources has led to creating the Agenda 21 which was the reaction to unreasonable wastage of the resources and to environment deterioration. Local Agenda 21 is a blueprint paper for local authorities and its main aim is to achieve sustainable development in the particular area. Efficient usage of the resources may be seen as a proper solution. International project Healthy cities (WHO) operates with principles of sustainable development. The theoretical recourse may be found in the first part of the thesis. The practical implementation of MA21 principles (they are derived from principles of sustainable development) in Pelhřimov may be found in the following part. Pelhřimov joined the mentioned project Healthy cities in 2005. It means that these municipalities should respect sustainable development, environment and citizens opinions. Healthy cities also should preserve the environment for future generation.

This paper presents the proposal of healthy universities as an approach to health promotion feasible and necessary to work in higher education institutions. It exposes its definition and basic features, the steps to facilitate proper implementation and a historical review about the existing projects in universities of America and Europe. In Peru, there are several initiatives,among which the work of the Consortium of Universities and currently the start of thePUCP Healthy Program at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Finally, it is done abrief review of the work implemented to date by this program. / Se presenta la propuesta de universidades saludables como un enfoque de promoción de la salud viable y necesario a trabajar en las instituciones de educación superior. Se expone su definición y características básicas, los pasos necesarios para facilitar su implementación adecuada y una reseña histórica acerca de los proyectos existentes en universidades de América y Europa. En el Perú existen varias iniciativas, entre las que destaca el trabajo realizado por el Consorcio de Universidades y, actualmente, el inicio del programa PUCP Saludable en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Finalmente, se realiza una reseña sobre el trabajo realizado a la fecha por este programa.

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El presente trabajo nace a partir de dos necesidades principales encontradas dentro del mercado peruano, en conjunción con el contexto actual de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus (COVID-19) y sus consecuencias en el panorama económico, en especial el sector gastronómico y de salud. Taypá es un aplicativo que busca unir la necesidad de las personas con diabetes que desean mantener una dieta especializada, agradable y a un costo más accesible con la necesidad de los chefs en el Perú de tener una plataforma que les permita reconocerse y además tener una fuente de ingresos independiente pues la coyuntura menguó la oferta laboral para este sector. Para la realización de la investigación, inicialmente validamos la problemática mediante entrevistas a los públicos objetivos. Luego se estableció un perfil adecuado del cliente identificando sus necesidades y desarrollando un modelo de negocio. En consecuencia, validamos nuestra solución mediante experimentación con el mercado y comprobamos la factibilidad de nuestra idea empleando de la misma manera. Por último, y en línea con la metodología anterior, corroboramos la existencia de interés de compra de nuestro producto en el mercado. Se determinó la viabilidad positiva del proyecto puesto que las proyecciones financieras nos brindaron indicadores de rentabilidad. Obteniendo un VAN FCL de S/22,245.74 con un WACC del 13% y un VAN FCA de S/22,480.20 con COK del 14% y una TIR de 40.07%. / The current investigation was born from two principal needs found within the Peruvian market, in conjunction with the current context of the pandemic caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its consequences on the economic environment, but especially the gastronomic and health ones. Taypá is an app that seeks to unite the needs of people with diabetes who want to maintain a specialized, pleasant diet at a more accessible cost with the needs of Peruvian chefs that want to have a platform that allows them gain recognition and also have a source of independent income because the situation reduced the labor supply for this sector. To carry out the research, we first validated the problem through interviews with the target audiences. Then a suitable profile of the client was established, identifying their needs and developing a business model. Consequently, we validated our solution through experimentation with the market and checked the feasibility of our idea using the same way. Finally, and in line with the previous methodology, we corroborated the existence of real buying interest for our product in the market. The positive viability of the project was determined since the financial projections gave us profitability indicators. Obtaining a VNA FCF of S / 22,245.74 with a WACC of 13% and a VNA FCA of S / 22,480.20 with a COK of 14% and an IRR of 40.07%. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación describe a detalle la idea de negocio "Five Minute Brownies" marca creada para la producción y comercialización de premezclas para brownies en presentaciones personales de 75 gr. cuyo propósito es ofrecer practicidad e inmediatez para satisfacer un antojo de brownie preparado con insumos de alta calidad, para un segmento de clientes específico, amantes del chocolate que consumen frecuentemente este tipo de postres y que manejan sus redes sociales personales. Nuestra marca presenta ventajas competitivas al ofrecer presentaciones personales de 75gr. que se adaptan a las tendencias de consumo actuales, los mug cakes, esto hace que se diferencie de las premezclas ya existentes en el mercado. Asimismo, cuenta con un servicio de atención al cliente personalizado vía redes sociales, de modo que el cliente tenga una experiencia agradable desde que solicita el producto hasta que lo recibe. Para lograr poner en marcha el proyecto, se analizó de forma exhaustiva la industria, de modo que pueda obtenerse el perfil del consumidor, posibles proveedores, competidores, entre otros factores. Además, fue preciso desarrollar diversos planes para hacerlo posible, entre los cuales se encuentra el Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Marketing y finalmente, un Plan financiero. Dentro de estos planes se encuentran detalladas estrategias imprescindibles para que el proyecto sea viable. Gracias a estas proyecciones, se espera que a largo plazo se puedan abrir locales para la atención presencial. / The present work talks about the business idea "Five Minute Brownies", brand who was created for the production and commercialization of premixes for brownies in personal presentations of 75 gr. whose purpose is to offer practicality and immediacy to satisfy a craving for a brownie prepared with high-quality ingredients, for a specific customer segment, chocolate lovers who frequently consume this type of dessert and who manage their personal social networks. Our brand has competitive advantages by offering personal presentations of 75gr. that adapt to current consumer trends, mug cakes, this makes it different from premixes already on the market. Otherwise, it has a personalized customer service via social networks, so that the customer has a satisfying experience from the moment they request the product until they receive it. In order to get the project started, the industry was exhaustively analyzed, so that the profile of the consumer, possible suppliers, competitors, among other factors, can be obtained. In addition, it was necessary to prepare a lot of plans to make it possible, among which is the Strategic Plan, Operations Plan, Human Resources Plan, Marketing Plan and finally, a Financial Plan. Within these plans are detailed essential strategies for the project to be viable. Thanks to these projections, it is expected that in the long term it will be possible to open premises for face-to-face care. / Trabajo de investigación

L'établissement d'un répertoire exhaustif ainsi que son élargissement constituent les deux objectifs principaux de ce travail. Nous avons d'abord établi la toute première liste de bactéries identifiées par culture des voies respiratoires au travers de la littérature scientifique. Nous répertorions ici 756 espèces, ce qui représente 27,23% de l'ensemble des bactéries isolées chez l'homme lorsque comparé au répertoire établi récemment par Bilen et al. Parmi ces bactéries, 514 avaient déjà été isolées au moins une fois dans les poumons. Plus de la moitié (i.e., 65,5%) des bactéries isolées pour la première fois dans des échantillons de poumons, ont été identifiées après les années 2000, soulignant la nécessité de poursuivre les efforts pour cultiver des microbes à partir des échantillons de voies respiratoires. Nous pensons que la combinaison de méthodes de culture à grande échelle telles que la culturomique et la métagénomique aidera à mieux décrire le microbiote pulmonaire. Des études antérieures sur le microbiote digestif le démontre. Nous avons ensuite utilisé des approches culturomiques et métagénomiques pour explorer le microbiote respiratoire d'individus sains. Nous avons isolé 193 bactéries par culturomics. Parmi ceux-ci, nous avons ajouté 84 au répertoire du microbiote respiratoire, dont 14 nouvelles espèces. En utilisant des approches métagénomiques, 139 OTU identifiées au rang de l'espèce dont seulement 49 (17,3%) étaient également retrouvées par culturomique, confortant la complémentarité des deux approches. Enfin, nous avons utilisé la taxonogénomique, une nouvelle approche permettant la description de nouvelles espèces bactériennes, pour décrire 19 bactéries. / The establishment of a comprehensive directory and its expansion through the use of high-speed culture methods are the two main objectives of this thesis work. We first established the first list of bacteria identified by airway culture through the scientific literature. Here we list 756 species, representing 27.23% of all bacteria isolated from humans when compared to the recently established repertoire of Bilen et al. Of these bacteria, 514 had already been isolated at least once in the lungs. Considering bacteria isolated for the first time in lung samples, more than half (ie, 65.5%) were identified after the 2000s, highlighting the need for continued efforts to grow microbes from lane samples respiratory. We believe that the combination of large scale culture methods such as culturomics and metagenomics will help to better describe the pulmonary microbiota. Previous studies on the digestive microbiota have shown the complementarity of these two approaches. We then used culturomic and metagenomic approaches to explore the respiratory microbiota of healthy individuals. We isolated 193 bacteria by culturomics. Of these, we added 84 bacteria to the repertoire of the respiratory microbiota, including 14 new species discovered. Using metagenomic approaches, 139 OTUs identified with the rank of the species of which only 49 (17.3%) were also recovered by culturomics, reinforcing the complementarity of the two approaches. Finally, we used taxonogenomics, a new approach for describing new bacterial species by integrating genomic and proteomic data with those that are classically integrated. Using this approach, 19 bacteria were described as part of this work.

Actualmente, el mercado peruano y mundial en general ha sufrido un cambio drástico de consumo, en la cual nuevas tendencias e influencias de compra se presentan debido a la nueva realidad en la que vivimos, el Covid 19 ha logrado mover al mundo y cambiar los estilos de vida. Uno de los movimientos más importantes que llevaba años incrementándose, pero en estas épocas de crisis sanitaria se intensificó, es la tendencia de alimentación saludable, la cual tiene a muchos ciudadanos al pendiente y tratando de cambiar su estilo de vida anterior por uno saludable, todo por el miedo a la nueva enfermedad del coronavirus. Como muchos sabemos, este virus ataca mortalmente a personas con bajas defensas, con obesidad o con algún tipo de vulnerabilidad, es por esto que muchas personas buscan protegerse a través de la alimentación, aumentar vitaminas y aminoácidos para combatir cualquier problema a futuro. Dado este contexto, el objetivo del grupo con este proyecto es atender las necesidades del mercado en cuanto al consumos de alimentos o snacks saludables, específicamente falta de opciones de snacks saludables a precios accesibles en el mercado y facilitar el acceso a una variedad de snacks saludables, disminuyendo así el estrés en la búsqueda de opciones que cumplan con los requisitos para ser saludables y sanos. Nuestra propuesta de negocio se basa en ofrecer un Box con un plan semanal de 7 snacks, donde los alimentos se adecuen a las necesidades del consumidor. Es por esto que se crearon 3 categorías, proteica, energética y mixta, cada una con 7 combinaciones distintas de snacks, los cuales aportan al cumplimiento de los objetivos del cliente. La categoría será seleccionada según una encuesta que el cliente tiene que realizar antes de la compra, de esta forma nos aseguraremos los resultados. / Currently, the Peruvian and global market in general has undergone a drastic change in consumption, in which new trends and purchasing influences are presented due to the new reality in which we live, Covid 19 has managed to move the world and change styles of life. One of the most important movements that had been increasing for years but in these times of health crisis intensified, is the trend of healthy eating, which has many citizens on the lookout and trying to change their previous lifestyle for a healthy one, all for fear of the new coronavirus disease. As many of us know, this virus fatally attacks people with low defenses, obesity or some kind of vulnerability, which is why many people seek to protect themselves through diet, increase vitamins and amino acids to combat any future problem. Given this context, the objective of the group with this project is to meet the market needs regarding the consumption of healthy foods or snacks, specifically the lack of healthy snack options at affordable prices in the market and facilitate access to a variety of healthy snacks, thus reducing the stress in the search for options that meet the requirements to be healthy and healthy.  Our business proposal is based on offering a Box with a weekly plan of 7 snacks, where the food is adapted to the consumer's needs. This is why 3 categories were created, protein, energy and mixed, each with 7 different combinations of snacks, which contribute to the fulfillment of the client's objectives. The category will be selected according to a survey that the customer has to carry out before the purchase, in this way we will ensure the results. / Trabajo de investigación

El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar qué tan viable y escalable es la idea de negocio de la empresa DeliYummy, la cual fue creada con el propósito de ofrecer postres veganos saludables a los consumidores peruanos. Esta idea nació, debido a que se observó la gran necesidad que hay, actualmente, por parte de muchos consumidores que llevan una alimentación saludable y que se les dificulta encontrar postres que se adapten al estilo de alimentación que tienen. Como parte de la investigación para conocer con mayor profundidad a este público y al sector de los alimentos saludables, se descubrió que muchos tienen el pensamiento erróneo de que los postres veganos son saludables, en su totalidad. Sin embargo, es importante aclarar que, también, se identificó que gran cantidad de los postres veganos que se comercializan en Lima, son elaborados con insumos que no aportan ningún tipo de beneficio nutricional como vitaminas, minerales, fibra, entre otros. Por tal motivo, DeliYummy vio una gran oportunidad de negocio, pero, sobre todo, se detectó la gran posibilidad de poder contribuir con aquellas personas que buscan mantener su de alimentación saludable a un largo plazo sin necesidad de privarse de consumir postres exquisitos. De este modo, es que nace la idea de introducir al mercado limeño donuts veganas hechas a base de harina de legumbres como garbanzos y quinua, los cuales aportan una gran cantidad de proteína vegetal, vitaminas y minerales. Además, estarán bañadas con chocolate belga y decorada toppings saludables, los cuales podrán ser seleccionados por los propios clientes. Con esta idea deseamos aportar con este segmento de clientes que día a día está en busca de nuevas opciones para complementar y disfrutar a plenitud su estilo de alimentación. / The objective of this work is evidence how viable and scalable DeliYummy’s business idea is, which was created with the purpose of offering healthy vegan desserts to public from Lima. This idea was born because it was observed that there is currently a great need on the part of many consumers who eat a healthy diet and who find it difficult to find desserts that adapt to the style of eating they have. As part of the research to gain a deeper understanding of this target and the health food sector, it was discovered that many have the misconception that vegan desserts are healthy. However, it’s important to clarify that it was also identified that the most of vegan desserts marketed in Lima are made with ingredients that don’t provide any nutritional benefits such as vitamins, minerals, fibre, among others. For this reason, DeliYummy identified a great business opportunity, but, above all, the company detected the great possibility of being able to contribute to those people who seek to maintain their healthy eating habits in the long term without having to deprive themselves of delicious desserts. In this way, it’s how was born the idea of introducing vegan donuts to the Lima market, made from legume flour such as chickpeas and quinoa, which provide a large amount of vegetable protein, vitamins and minerals.In addition to this, our donuts will be covered with Belgian chocolate and decorated with healthy toppings, which can be selected by the customers themselves. With this idea, we want to contribute to this target, who every day are looking for new options to complement and enjoy their eating style. / Trabajo de investigación