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Sezónní změny v užitkovosti a plodnosti krav v souvislosti s teplotními a vlhkostními poměry prostředí / Season changes in milk efficiency and fertility of the cows in relation to the temperature and humidity environment conditionsŤOUPALOVÁ, Michaela January 2014 (has links)
High level of fertility and milk efficiency be ranked among major premise profitability of the company. If are not i extenso independent all necessaries of life dairycows, it is impossible expect favourableness. Human factor have in locking needs dairycows most important and fungible role, above all in the area corresponding sustenance and correct rearing technique and attendance fiduciary animals. On fertility and milk efficiency affect all row of other factors, from which ours imposition was evaluate seasonal establishment temperature influence and relative humidity. Average milk yield in herd Holstein cows attained 6 254 kg milks behind standardized lactation 305 days. Avarage deily vessel descending reduction on standardized lactation do 20,5 litre. Highest values reached average daily milk yild in spring 22,09 litres milk during lactation. Big throughs was recorded in summer, average daily vessel doed mere 16,96 litres milk during lactation. By the help of ANOVA test was ascertained statistically significant difference on significance level P 0,05 among spring and summer, among spring and winter, among summer and autumn and among summer and winter. Effected regression analysis confirmed fall average daily milk yield depending on raising temperatures inside stabling. Maximum cows at average daily efficiency about 20 - 23 litres milk here of achievement reached at 10 - 12 °C. Optimum thermal balk strode low-water mark of 28 x plus upper boundary 247 x. Temperature above 20 °C was overstepped 104 x. Optimum D shell relative humidity crossed ceiling 211 x. Average meantime in heard attained 419 days, SP 127 days and insemination interval 78 days, near over most 50 % cows was level fertility evaluation like bad. According to results ultrasonografik investigation gravided every 3. - 4. cow, which is wanting. In case executant defects was highest percent occurrence recorded near sweeping and ovarian cysts. Influence of season, let us say temperatures on fertility indices plus defect incidence wasn´t evidenced. Bad level fertility had in the framework year continual course.
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Martian Caves as Special Region Candidates : A simulation in ANSYS Fluent on how caves on Mars are, and what their conditions would be for being considered as special regions.Olsson, Patrik January 2018 (has links)
One of the most interesting questions about Mars is if life ever existed on it. One of the main requirements for life to exist as we know it is the presence of liquid water. It has been suggested by Martín-Torres et al. (2015a) that a daily-transient liquid water cycle takes place on the surface of Mars through deliquescence and efforescence (binding and releasing of water vapour) of perchloratic salts in the Martian soil. Given the right conditions regarding water activity and temperature, certain planetary areas have been defined as Special Regions where there is a chance of life-form reproduction to occur (Kminek et al. 2017). Sub-surface cavities and caves are defined as such and are still a relatively unexplored and not yet studied feature of the Martian surface. This report is an assessment of the environmental conditions in Martian subsurface cavities such as caves and how it can be considered as a Special Region. Based on observations of lava tubes made by Cushing and Titus (2010) with atmospheric and thermal data from REMS on board the Curiosity rover by Martín-Torres et al. (2015b), simulation models were set up in ANSYS Fluent to examine the behaviour of the temperature and relative humidity within these caves. Different properties of the studied models included size, shape, inclination, materials of the ground composition and air flow behaviour. The results showed that a cave roof with a thickness greater than 1-2 m prevents the ground temperature variation during the day to have any considerable impact on the air temperature in the cave which implies that the thermal waves are the main driving factor of the thermal environment in larger models. The average temperature and relative humidities throughout the entire models resulted in unfavourable conditions (relative humidity under 20% RH) to allow for any perchloratic salts to hydrate or form brines. The most interesting results were found in smaller models where different phenomena with higher relative humidity near the floor and in corners occurred for several hours during the same day. This happened at certain times during the day (LMST 7 and 17) when the inlet temperature surpassed the average temperature in the cave and resulted in relative humidities of up to 90% RH which potentially could allow perchloratic salts to stay in brine form, or at least in a hydrated state throughout the day. While the low temperatures in today's Martian caves may be too harsh for life forms to exist, a previous warmer climate might have allowed for extremophiles to thrive in highly saline solutions. This could be an implication that Martian caves should be defined as Special Regions and that further studies should be done on the subject.
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Material de estudo para o ensino da umidade relativa do arEsganzela, João Américo 09 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-09 / O material contido nesta dissertação trata da construção de um produto educacional de apoio para o ensino da umidade relativa voltado para professores que atuam na educação básica. O produto educacional trata de aulas planejadas com a utilização do Psicrômetro, considerando sempre o conhecimento prévio e a vontade de apreender do educando, precursores da aprendizagem significativa Ausubeliana. As aplicações do Produto aconteceram em dois colégio, um da rede privada e em outro da rede estadual de educação, ambos na cidade de Várzea-Grande/MT. Antes da aplicação do produto educacional foram feitas pesquisas acerca do conhecimento prévio dos alunos a respeito do clima regional e ainda observou o nível de aprendizado dos mesmos pós aplicação do produto. / The material in this dissertation deals with the construction of an educational product support for the teaching of relative humidity designed for teachers working in the basic education. The educational product comes classes planned using the Psychrometer, always considering the previous knowledge and the willingness the student, precursors of meaningful learning Ausubel. Applications Product happened in two college, a private network and the other of the state system of education, both in the city of Várzea Grande / MT. Before applying the educational product research was done on the students' previous knowledge about the regional climate and further observed the learning level of the same after application of the product.
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Épocas de aplicação de dessecantes na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) : teor de água, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes /Malaspina, Igor Cruz. January 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Edson Lazarini / Banca: Marco Eustáquio de Sá / Banca: Lúcia Helena Pereira Nóbrega / Resumo: Os herbicidas glifosato e paraquat vêm sendo utilizados por produtores de soja, visando à dessecação da cultura. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização destes herbicidas, aplicados em diferentes estádios reprodutivos, como dessecantes para a cultura da soja. Para tanto, um experimento foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola 2005/06, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x3x3, ou seja, duas cultivares, a MG/BR 46 (Conquista), de ciclo médio e a MSOY 6101, de ciclo precoce, dois herbicidas dessecantes (paraquat e o glifosato) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação de dessecante) e três épocas de aplicação (estádios R6, R7 e R8). Cada parcela experimental constou de dez linhas de 15 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,45 m, perfazendo 67,5 m2. A produção de sementes, massa de 100 sementes, teor de água (antes das aplicações dos dessecantes e aos 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias após) e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, no ápice e na base da planta, foram avaliadas. Diante dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os dessecantes são eficientes na redução do teor de água das sementes quando comparados à testemunha, sendo o paraquat mais eficiente que o glifosato; não há efeito da aplicação dos dessecantes quanto à produtividade e massa de 100 sementes; a aplicação dos dessecantes influencia, de forma semelhante, o teor de água e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes nas duas partes da planta avaliadas (ápice e base); o glifosato influencia negativamente a qualidade fisiológica de sementes, principalmente, quando avaliada por meio do teste de comprimento de radícula; o paraquat não altera a qualidade fisiológica das sementes; as sementes obtidas com aplicação de dessecantes no estádio R6 são de qualidade fisiológica inferior às obtidas com aplicação nos estádios R7 e R8. / Abstract: The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean productors to obtain crop desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the herbicides glyphosate and paraquat as desiccants for the soybean crop. An experiment was conducted in the 2005/06 agricultural season and the experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x3x3, using two varieties, MG/BR 46 (Conquista), a mid-cycle one, and MSOY 6101, an early-cycle one, two desiccant herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate), a control (without the desiccant application) and three seasons of application (stage R6, R7 and R8). Each one of the experimental area consisted of 10 lines 15 m long, spaced by 0.45 m, comprising an area of 67,5 m2. It was evaluated the seed production, mass of 100 seeds, water content (before the desiccant applications and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after that) from the apex and base of the plant as well as the physiologic quality of seeds. The results obtained made possible to conclude that the desiccants were effective in reducing the water content of seeds when compared to control, paraquat being the more effective one. There was no effect of desiccant applications related to soybean productivity and mass of 100 seeds. Desiccate application influences in a similar form the content of water and the physiologic quality of the seeds in different parts of the plants evaluated (apex and base). Glyphosate influences negatively in the physiological quality of seeds, mainly when evaluated through the test of root length. Paraquat do not modify the physiologic quality of the seeds. Seeds obtained with desiccants application in R6 stage showed lower physiologic quality compared to those obtained with application in the R7 and R8 stage. / Mestre
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Características do clima urbano de Nova Andradina - MSLima, Gabriela Narcizo de [UNESP] 01 March 2011 (has links) (PDF)
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lima_gn_me_prud.pdf: 10496372 bytes, checksum: 2d9a847c452230a22af82e37475c69ec (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Nova Andradina localiza-se no sudeste do estado Mato Grosso do Sul, a 300km de distância da capital Campo Grande, contando com uma área de 4776 km². A altitude média é de 380 metros acima do nível do mar e a população, segundo estimativas do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) do ano de 2009, totaliza 45.916 habitantes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi comparar as características da temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, direção e velocidade dos ventos intra-urbanos em episódios de inverno e verão, buscando diagnosticar diferenças térmicas e higrométricas, decorrentes dos diversos usos do solo urbano, em escala detalhada, de modo a subsidiar políticas de ordenamento territorial. A metodologia para a coleta de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, direção e velocidade do vento consistiu na instalação de estações meteorológicas automáticas do tipo “Vantage PRO 2” da marca “Davis Instruments, em pontos representativos dos diferentes usos do solo urbano, além da realização de transectos móveis diurnos e noturnos no mês representativo do inverno, para melhor compreensão das diferenças existentes entre os pontos em episódios característicos das estações extremas, inverno e verão... / Nova Andradina is located on the southeast of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, 300km from the state capital Campo Grande, having an area of 4776 km². The average height is 380 meters above sea level and the population, according to estimates of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) from 2009, totals 45,916 inhabitants. The objective of the research was to compare the characteristics of temperature, relative humidity of air, direction and velocity of intra-urban winds in winter and summer episodes, aiming to diagnose thermal and hygrometric differences, due to varied urban land use, in a scale of detail, as to subside territorial management policies. The methodology for measuring the temperature, relative humidity of air, direction and velocity of winds consisted in the installation of Vanatge PRO 2 automatic meteorological stations made by Davis Instruments, in representative points of the varied urban land use types, as well as diurnal and nocturnal mobile transects in the representative month of winter, for a better understanding of the existing differences between the points in characteristic episodes of the extreme seasons, winter and summer ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Desenvolvimento de protótipo de sensor de umidade cerâmico / Development of ceramic humidity sensor prototypeIto, Amadeu Rodrigues Pereira 24 August 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Humidity sensor is a special type of gas sensor which is sensitive only to H2O molecules. It has a large variety of applications in industrial, household and agricultural equipments. Humidity ceramic sensors have been considered interesting due to their chemical and thermal stability. The lack of a national manufacturer of humidity sensors was the main motivation to accomplish this master thesis, whose objective was to develop a prototype of resistive ceramic humidity sensor. The objective was reached using Mn doped-MgAl2O4 powder, forming thin plates (650 a 750 μm) through tape casting process, appropriate sintering to obtain proper microstructure and the performance characterization of sintered plates as humidity sensor, especially with regard to sensibility and reproducibility. The tape casting process was successful for providing plates with excellent sensibility in the range 20-90% relative humidity and the response time of 120 and 20 seconds in the adsorption and desorption steps respectively. The correlation between the good performance and the porosity was established through the detailed interpretation of impedance spectra measured at several levels of humidity. Simultaneously to the porous plate preparation, it was developed a microcontrolled electronic transducer circuit with firmware written in C, which allows the immediate use of the electric signal produced by the humidity sensitive plate by a variety of equipments already available in the market. At the final step, the humidity sensor prototype was assembled through the insertion of the humidity sensitive plate, appropriately covered with silver electrode, to the electronic system. / Sensor de umidade é um tipo especial de sensor de gases especializado na detecção de moléculas de H2O e possui aplicações industriais, agrícolas e também domésticas. Sensores de umidade cerâmicos são especialmente interessantes devido à estabilidade química e térmica. Tendo como motivação a inexistência de fabricantes nacionais de sensores de umidade, o objetivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver um protótipo de sensor cerâmico de umidade tipo resistivo completo, desde o elemento sensível até o sistema eletrônico. O objetivo foi atingido utilizando pó de MgAl2O4 dopado com manganês, conformação de placas finas (650 a 750 μm de espessura) pela técnica colagem de fita (doctor blade), sinterização de modo a obter microestrutura apropriada e caracterização de desempenho como sensor de umidade especialmente em relação à sensibilidade e reprodutibilidade. O processo de colagem de fita forneceu placas com excelente sensibilidade no intervalo de 20 a 90% de umidade relativa e tempo de resposta de 120 segundos na adsorção e 20 segundos na dissorção. A correlação entre o bom desempenho das placas obtidas e a porosidade foi estabelecida através da interpretação detalhada dos espectros de impedância obtidos em várias umidades. Paralelamente à obtenção das placas porosas foi desenvolvido um sistema eletrônico transdutor microcontrolado, programado em linguagem C, que permite a pronta utilização do sinal elétrico fornecido pelo elemento sensível nos mais diversos equipamentos já existentes no mercado. Na etapa final, foi realizada a inserção da placa sensível à umidade, devidamente recoberta com eletrodo de prata, ao sistema eletrônico resultando no protótipo do sensor de umidade.
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Análise crítica de incubadoras neonatais a partir de medições de parâmetros dos ambientes interno e externo / ASSESSMENT OF NEWBORN INCUBATORS BY MEASURING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERSCosta, Enilson José Lima 02 October 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The survival chances of premature newborns increases when the air temperature
and relative humidity of the incubator environment are under control. Newborn incubator
is an electromedical equipment used for life maintenance of premature newborns. It
provides a thermo-neutral environment, achieved by keeping the air temperature and
relative humidity within a suitable range. This allows the baby to maintain the normal body
temperature without excessive metabolic losses and contributes to a faster development
and a smaller incidence of diseases. In this thesis, a measurement system capable to assess
newborn incubators by measuring the internal and external environment parameters was
designed and development. Also, it was developed a system to control the relative
humidity of the incubator environment. In additional, a data acquisition software was
developed to manager measured parameters inside the newborn incubator such as: air
temperature, relative humidity, sound level and air flow velocity. Thus, it is possible to
check if an incubator, under analysis, meets the requirements established by the NBR IEC
601-2-19 standard.
Experimental tests were carried out in a time period of 96 hours and the measured
data were collected at each 2 minutes. The results showed that all newborn incubators,
which were assessed by the developed system, do not provide adequate environment for
premature newborns as these incubators do not meet the NBR IEC 601-2-19 standard
requirements. / As chances de sobrevivência dos recém-nascidos prematuros aumentam quando
eles são colocados em um ambiente em que são controladas a temperatura e a umidade
relativa do ar. A incubadora neonatal é um equipamento médico assistencial que serve para
manter a vida de bebês prematuros onde estes encontram condições semelhantes às
existentes no útero materno. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um sistema de aquisição de
dados de temperatura e umidade, baseado em microcontrolador, para verificar as
condições do ambiente proporcionado ao recém-nascido pela incubadora neonatal de
acordo com a norma NBR IEC 601-2-19 e, um sistema de controle de umidade, baseado
em microcontrolador, utilizando um motor de passo, com a finalidade de manter a
umidade no interior da incubadora dentro de uma faixa pré-estabelecida. Isto tem por
finalidade melhorar a qualidade de vida de recém-nascidos prematuros. Um software foi
desenvolvido com a finalidade de unificar os dados coletados pelos sistemas de aquisição.
A incubadora analisada é dotada de sistema de umidificação passivo. Realizaram-se
medidas dos parâmetros temperatura, umidade, velocidade do fluxo de ar, concentração de
oxigênio e nível sonoro no interior da incubadora, com água e sem água no reservatório de
umidificação. Foram realizadas, também, medidas desses parâmetros no ambiente da
Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal. As medidas foram coletadas a cada 2 minutos
durante 96 horas. Efetuaram-se testes para controlar a umidade relativa do ar no interior da
incubadora. Verificou-se que os parâmetros analisados estão inter-relacionados e que os
recém-nascidos prematuros foram expostos a níveis de ruídos intensos. Constatou-se que o
sistema desenvolvido manteve a umidade controlada na faixa de 45 a 55 %UR. As
incubadoras analisadas não oferecem um ambiente adequado à recuperação do recémnascido
com base na norma.
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Épocas de aplicação de dessecantes na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): teor de água, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementesMalaspina, Igor Cruz [UNESP] 05 September 2008 (has links) (PDF)
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malaspina_ic_me_ilha.pdf: 368557 bytes, checksum: 14dc250dd450b03d6d480aa91dce1c60 (MD5) / Os herbicidas glifosato e paraquat vêm sendo utilizados por produtores de soja, visando à dessecação da cultura. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização destes herbicidas, aplicados em diferentes estádios reprodutivos, como dessecantes para a cultura da soja. Para tanto, um experimento foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola 2005/06, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x3x3, ou seja, duas cultivares, a MG/BR 46 (Conquista), de ciclo médio e a MSOY 6101, de ciclo precoce, dois herbicidas dessecantes (paraquat e o glifosato) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação de dessecante) e três épocas de aplicação (estádios R6, R7 e R8). Cada parcela experimental constou de dez linhas de 15 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,45 m, perfazendo 67,5 m2. A produção de sementes, massa de 100 sementes, teor de água (antes das aplicações dos dessecantes e aos 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias após) e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, no ápice e na base da planta, foram avaliadas. Diante dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os dessecantes são eficientes na redução do teor de água das sementes quando comparados à testemunha, sendo o paraquat mais eficiente que o glifosato; não há efeito da aplicação dos dessecantes quanto à produtividade e massa de 100 sementes; a aplicação dos dessecantes influencia, de forma semelhante, o teor de água e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes nas duas partes da planta avaliadas (ápice e base); o glifosato influencia negativamente a qualidade fisiológica de sementes, principalmente, quando avaliada por meio do teste de comprimento de radícula; o paraquat não altera a qualidade fisiológica das sementes; as sementes obtidas com aplicação de dessecantes no estádio R6 são de qualidade fisiológica inferior às obtidas com aplicação nos estádios R7 e R8. / The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean productors to obtain crop desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the herbicides glyphosate and paraquat as desiccants for the soybean crop. An experiment was conducted in the 2005/06 agricultural season and the experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x3x3, using two varieties, MG/BR 46 (Conquista), a mid-cycle one, and MSOY 6101, an early-cycle one, two desiccant herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate), a control (without the desiccant application) and three seasons of application (stage R6, R7 and R8). Each one of the experimental area consisted of 10 lines 15 m long, spaced by 0.45 m, comprising an area of 67,5 m2. It was evaluated the seed production, mass of 100 seeds, water content (before the desiccant applications and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after that) from the apex and base of the plant as well as the physiologic quality of seeds. The results obtained made possible to conclude that the desiccants were effective in reducing the water content of seeds when compared to control, paraquat being the more effective one. There was no effect of desiccant applications related to soybean productivity and mass of 100 seeds. Desiccate application influences in a similar form the content of water and the physiologic quality of the seeds in different parts of the plants evaluated (apex and base). Glyphosate influences negatively in the physiological quality of seeds, mainly when evaluated through the test of root length. Paraquat do not modify the physiologic quality of the seeds. Seeds obtained with desiccants application in R6 stage showed lower physiologic quality compared to those obtained with application in the R7 and R8 stage.
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Vliv mikroklimatu stáje na welfare hospodářských zvířat ve vybraném podniku. / Effect of stable microclimate on the welfare of livestock in a selected company.HÁNA, Bohumil January 2011 (has links)
The theme of my thesis is focused on assessing the impact of changes in the microclimate of the stable welfare of dairy cows. Measurement was done in selected company called VOD Hrádek in it´s stable VKK Tedražice by measuring the basic external features and microclimate and it all was resulting in assessment of their impact on welfare of dairy cows.
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VLIV PROSTŘEDÍ NA CHOVÁNÍ TELAT / EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CALVESHAISOVÁ, Dita January 2011 (has links)
The aim of this work was monitored by video recordings made in the ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, 6 different types of outdoor hutches and individual one on the basis of different behavior of calves to evaluate the suitability of different types either for breeding dairy calves in the period. Investigations were carried out in winter and summer, was used in recording AVI Windows Media Player with a length of 1-minute intervals. Heifers of Czech Spotted cattle were monitored. Length of stay of individual calves in outdoor hutches was from 83-87 days. The purpose of monitoring was to evaluate the length of stay of calves within each individual outdoor hutches and length of stay outside. In each hut were installed sensors, reported the values of internal temperature and relative humidity at intervals of 15 minutes. Given that microclimate should be in different climatic conditions to create an optimal environment for the calves, the criteria have been satisfied welfare length of stay inside the shed. The average outdoor temperature during the reporting period of the winter fell to -2.54° C. In this period, the individual VIB measured average indoor temperature of -0.04 ° C to -1.43 ° C. During the follow up period was recorded in summer average daily temperature of 19.79 ° C. Summer temperatures average in each of the VIB was 21.14 ° C - 22.27 ° C. These data were no statistically significant temperature differences (P ? 0.05) between the VIB in winter and in summer. The average relative humidity in the microclimate in the winter of VIB reached values ranging from 79.57% to 86.76% in summer from 59.59% to 63.55%. In the winter when evaluating indicators of microclimatic relative humidity between VIB was a statistically significant difference P?0.05 (1:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6). In winter, the length of stay within the VIB calves ranged from 73.96% - 88.96% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay within the VIB calves were statistically significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Over the summer period, length of residence either within the calves ranged from 65.68% - 80.85% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay during the summer period were significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Total for the period was the top-rated wooden shed ZD Krasna Hora nad Vltavou.
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