No description available.

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It was hypothesized that a metabolite of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), contributes to the expression of symptoms seen during withdrawal from morphine. To test this hypothesis, the behaviors observed during precipitated withdrawal from morphine and sufentanil were compared. Sufentanil was chosen because, like morphine, it acts primarily at the mu opioid receptor, but has different metabolites. Differences in the abstinence syndromes produced by the two drugs may therefore be attributable to the actions of metabolites, rather than the primary opioid actions of morphine and sufentanil. Although there were some differences in the occurrence of symptoms, morphine and sufentanil withdrawal were very similar. Therefore, the evidence was inconclusive as to the contribution of metabolites during withdrawal. / Systemic administration of M3G alone and in combination with morphine produced no withdrawal-like behaviors. However, when these drugs were given centrally, withdrawal-like behaviors were observed in conjunction with seizures. The seizures were not attenuated by naloxone (but were alleviated by an anti-convulsant), indicating that they were not mediated by opioid receptors. The behaviors resembled those seen by previous investigators following high doses of morphine. The results suggest that M3G may play a role in the toxic effects of high doses of morphine.

No description available.

Bibliography: leaves 302-359. / xxvi, 392 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 2000?

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007. / "May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-32). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2778. Typescript. Abstract included as two unpaged leaves at back of volume. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-35).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 48-59)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Some individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) continue to drink because they have developed a habit in which they are not considering the consequences of their actions. Habitual actions persist despite changes in reward and are often studied using devaluation procedures. Stress hormones, such as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), have been linked to AUD when examining binge-like drinking and withdrawal in rodents. Stress has been examined in the switch from goal-directed to habitual behavior, and CRF has often mimicked the effects of stress exposure. This study looked at the possible direct effects of CRF on habit expression in rats using an operant paradigm. Finding possible novel mechanisms of habit could create an avenue for future novel treatment options. Female and male Long Evans rats were trained on a variable interval schedule using sucrose as a reward. Rats then underwent devaluation procedures including both sensory-specific satiety and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to test for habitual behaviors. Prior to an extinction session post-CTA, animals were treated with either 20 mg/kg R121919, a CRF1 receptor antagonist, or vehicle. A second extinction session was conducted where animals received the alternative treatment. Lever presses were recorded as a measure of goal-directed or habitual behavior. Sensory-specific satiety devaluation tests revealed that animals were not sensitive to devaluation. This was further supported by both post-CTA extinction sessions. R121919 had no effect on lever pressing in either devalued or valued groups. Further research is needed to explore how a CRF receptor antagonist may affect habit formation or the transition from goal-directed to habit behaviors. Future studies should also examine any possible interaction effects CRF may have with alcohol or stress on habitual behaviors.

The purpose of this present study is to understand the role of habit in information security behaviors. The automatic aspect of habit and its impact on secure behavior and the intention-behavior relationship was explored in this dissertation through the lens of protection motivation theory. Three secure behaviors were selected for the investigation after following a rigorous process to identify habitual secure behaviors. The three behaviors that were investigated are: locking the PC when leaving it unattended, verifying the recipient email addresses before sending email and visiting only verified websites. Separate pilot studies were conducted for each of the behaviors followed by a main investigation. Habit was measured with a first-order reflective and second-order formative scale that captured the multidimensional aspects of habit: Lack of Awareness, Uncontrollability and Mental Efficiency. Data were collected for each of the behaviors separately via separate online surveys using Amazon Mechanical-Turk. The results of the data analyses indicate that habit significantly influence the performance of secure behavior while negatively moderating the intention-behavior relationship for each of the three behaviors. The findings also confirm that when certain behaviors are habitual, the cognitive resources needed to make decisions on performing behavior reduce. Several alternate models were analyzed as a part of the post hoc phase of the study. The findings of this study provide several contributions to the IS research and practice. This study investigated the role of habit in an information security context using a second-order formative scale. The findings indicate that habit play a significant role in the performance of secure behaviors and verifies the relationship between intention and behavior in an information security context. The findings provide directions to organizations in understanding habits of their employees and to foster positive habits while breaking negative habits. The findings of this study provide several future research directions and highlight the importance of further exploration of habit in an information security context.