Indiscutivelmente, higiene de mãos (HM)é uma das medidads mais importantes para prevenir as Infecções Hospitalares. Além da tradicional lavagem com água e sabão, o uso do álcool tem se destacado na HM, pois, possui boa atividade antimicrobiana, dispensa pia, reduz o tempo e previne ressecamento de mãos. Das evidências científicas sobre seu uso na HM, ainda há contradições quanto à sua efetividade na presença da matéria orgânica nas mãos. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com intuito de elucidar esta questão avaliando a eficácia antimicrobiana de três formulações alcoólicas (duas em forma de gel e uma líquida) nas mãos com matéria orgânica. Os trabalhos laboratoriais foram realizados no Laboratório de Pesquisas do Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisas (coleta de amostras bacterianas) e no Laboratório de Microbiologia do Departamento de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Albert Einstein (contagem bacteriana), utilizando a metodologia oficial Européia - EN 1500 modificada. Quatorze voluntários - pessoas saudáveis, sem problemas de pele nas mãos e que asinaram o \"Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido\", foram aleatorizados em três grupos e cada grupo utilizou os proidutos-testes e referência em seqüências diferentes. Os produtos-teste foram: produto A - alcool etílico sob a forma de gel a 62% (p/p), produto B - álcool etílico sob a forma de gel a 70%(p/p) e produto C - álcool etílico a 70% (p/v) glicerinado sob a forma líquida e o produto D - alcool 2-propanolol 60%, produto referência padronizado pela metodologia EN 1500. Para cada produto-teste e referência, foi realizada a seguinte seqüência de procedimentos: lavagem de mãos por um minuto com água e sabão; aplicação de 1,2 ml de sangue estéril desfibrinado de carneiro; contaminação das mãos até metade dos matacarpos no caldo tríptico de soja (TSB) com o microrganismo-desafio S. macescens ATCC 14756; coleta de amostras pré HM, friccionando os dedos na placa de Petri contendo TSB (valor inicial); HM aplicando o(s) produto(s)-teste e referência; coleta de amostras para recuperação bacteriana (valor final), com a mesma técnica da fase pré HM e cálculo do fator de redução (FR) logarítmica (log10) de S. marcescens (valor inicial - valor final). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas (teste de Wilcoxon) para verificar a equivalência entre o(s) produto(s)-teste e referência, com o nível de significância estabelecido em P=0,10, unicaudal. Os FR (log10) foram: 3,29 para o rpoduto A; 3,36 para o produto B e 3,56 para o produto C. O produto-referência, produto, produto D, promoveu FR log10 de 3,66. Os testes de Wilcoxon indicaram que há equivalência dos produtos B (P=0,198) e C (P=0,826) com o produto referência D, e que existe diferença do produto A (P=0,074) quando comparado ao produto D. Como conclusão, este estudo revelou que os produtos-teste, utilizados em mãos artificialmente sujas com matéria orgânica reduziram significativamente a colonização transitória das mãos - mais de 3 log10, redução acima de 99,9% podendo ser utilizados para HM. Estes valores são superiores aos valores de FR log10 encontrados após a lavagem de mãos com sabão não-antimicrobiano(2,7) e sabão antimicrobiano tricosan (2,8) e semelhantes aos valores de PVP-I (3,5) e clorexidina degermante (3,1). O produto A, apesar de reprovado pela metodologia oficial EN 1500, obteve o menor FR log10 (3,26), é superior aos sabões não-antimicrobianos e com triclosan e clorexidina degermante a 4%, o que indica a possibilidade de sua utilização como segunda opção. / Hand hygiene is considered the most important measure to reduce the transmission of nosocomial pathogens in health care settings. Because alcohol has excellent antimicrobial activity, requires less time, results in less skin irritation and does not require proximity to a sink, is the preferred agent for hand hygiene. In the face of scientific evidence, there\'s still contradiction concerning the effectiveness of alcohol in the hands with proteinaceous material. This research was developed in order to compare the antimicrobial activity of three alcoholic products commonly used (two alcohol-based gel and one liquid formulation) in the hands with organic material. It was conducted in the Research Laboratory (bacterial samples) and in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Clinical Pathology Department (bacterial counting) of the Hospital Albert Einstein, using modified European Standard EN 1500. The test products were: A - ethanol alcohol-based gel 62% (p/p), product B - ethanol alcohol-based gel 70% (p/p) and product C - ethanol alcohol-based liquid 70% (p/v) with glycerol 2% compared to reference product: D - alcohol 2-propanolol 60% (v/v) on artificially contaminated hands with S. marcescens ATCC 14756, using a cross-over design. Fourteen healthy volunteers, with no skin hand problems and who signed written consent form were randomized in 3 groups. For each reference and test products, the following sequence was carried through: hands were washed with soft soap, 1,2 ml of sterile sheep blood defibrinated was dispensed by sterile syringe into the hands, air-dried and immersed in the contamination fluid up to the mid-metacarpals. Bacterial sample were recovered for the inicial count by rubbing the fingertips of each hand for 1 min in the petri dish containing tryptone soya broth (TSB) . The hands were rubbed thoroughly over their entire surface (30 to 60 seconds) with 2 -3 ml of the test products. The reference product was used twice (total of 6 ml) and rubbed for 60 seconds. Both hands were rinsed in running water and excess water was drained off. Final bacterial count was obtained rubbing the fingertips of each hand for 1 min in the petri dish containing TSB. For both reference and test products, the mean log10 reduction factors (RF) were calculated (difference between the pre-value and post-value) and for testing the RF of the test products against that of reference product the Wilcoxon teste was used (level of significance was set at P=0,1, one sided) The RF log10 calculated were: 3,29 for the product A; 3,36 for the product B; 3,56 for the product C and 3,66 for the product D. The Wilcoxon test indicated that product A did not meet standard criteria (P = 0,074) and the products B (P = 0,198) and C (P = 0,826) met the EN 1500 requirement. As conclusion, this study indicated that the test products, used in hands with organic material, significantly reduced the transient flora, more than 3 log10 (99,9% of reduction), may be used for hand hygiene. These values are greater than the values of RF log10 after washing hands with plain soap (2,70) and triclosan (2,8) or similar or even exceeding when comparing with antimicrobial detergents used for hand washing, as PVP-I (3,5) or chlorhexidine 4% (3,1). Although the product A did not meet the EN 1500 criteria and had the lowest RF log10, its RF is superior to soaps (plain soap, triclosan and chlorhexidine 4%). This indicates a possibility of its usage as a second option.

Hand hygiene (HH) is not only an effective prime precaution in reducing adverse events but also a major challenge in different fields of care practice and scientific research. The present study aimed at assessing the knowledge and adoption of health professional regarding hand hygiene in emergency room unit. This research comprehends a prospective longitudinal study with quantitative approach. The study was developed at the emergency room of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), with 69 health professionals (residentes, nurses, nursing technicians and physiotherapists) who maintained direct contact with a clinically stable patient. The data collection was made between March and July of 2015, using instruments validated by the World Health Organization (WHO), in two stages. On the first stage, the non-participant direct observation tehcnique was applied, with an Observation form being filled in by the researcher. During the observation the five moments recommended for HH were accompanied, taking into account the concepts of Opportunity, Indication and Action. Each professional was observed in three different moments, with an average interval of 15 days (SD=9) between sessions. The time interval between the first and the last observations consisted of an average 28 days difference (SD=9). On the second stage, the subjects answered the Test of knowledge regarding hand hygiene for health professionals questionnaire, composed of right and wrong questions. The data organization was made using the Epi-info® software, version 6.4, with double independent typing. After verifying the errors and inconsistancies, the data analysis was made using the PASW Statistics® (Predictive Analytics Software, by SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) 18.0 software, by means of descriptive analytical statistics. 59 out of the 69 health professional were accompanied during three observation sessions. 53 out of the 59 answered the questionnaire. In 111 days of observation, 166 sessions were made, with an average 11 minutes duration each (SD=50s). On such sessions 166 oportunities for HH were observed, however HH took place in 90. The global rate of adoption was 54,2%; 50,8% during the first observation and 59,6% during the last. Nurses and physiotherapists were the professional with the highest rates of adoption (66,6%; p<0,05). When comparing the rate of adoption between professional categories, nurses were found to have a larger adoption of HH than nursing technicians (OR: 2,83; IC: 95% [1,08 7,4]). The other categories presented no statistic difference. Regarding the knowledge questionnaire, the largest percentage of correct answers, over 90%, referred to route of transmission, technique, products and transmission to the health professional. Conclusion: The low adoption and restricted knowledge regarding the benefits of using alcohol for HH lead to the necessity of additional investment in capacitations for the health professional about safe practices relating to HH, aiming to increase the safety culture for the patient in emergency room. / A higienização das mãos (HM) é uma precaução primordial eficaz na redução dos eventos adversos, além de um grande desafio nos diferentes campos de prática assistencial e da pesquisa científica. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o conhecimento e a adesão dos profissionais de saúde a respeito da higienização das mãos em unidade de pronto-socorro. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento longitudinal prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi desenvolvido no Pronto-Socorro do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), com 69 profissionais de saúde (residentes, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem e fisioterapeutas) que mantiveram contato direto com paciente clinicamente estável. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre março e julho de 2015, utilizando instrumentos validados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em duas etapas. Na primeira, aplicou-se a técnica de observação direta não participante, com preenchimento do Formulário de observação . Durante o acompanhamento foram observados os cinco momentos preconizados para HM, levando-se em conta os conceitos de Oportunidade, Indicação e Ação. Cada profissional foi observado em três momentos diferentes, com intervalo médio de 15 dias (DP= 9) entre as sessões. O intervalo de tempo entre a primeira sessão de acompanhamento e a última teve em média 28 dias de diferença (DP= 9). Na segunda etapa, foi aplicado o questionário Teste de conhecimento a respeito da higienização das mãos para profissionais de saúde , com questões classificadas em certo e errado . A organização dos dados foi realizada no programa Epi-info®, versão 6.4, com dupla digitação independente. Após a verificação de erros e inconsistências, a análise dos dados foi realizada no programa PASW Statistics® (Predictive Analytics Software, da SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) 18.0, por meio da estatística descritiva e analítica. Dos 69 participantes, 59 foram acompanhados durante três sessões de observação. Destes, 53 responderam ao questionário de conhecimento. Em 111 dias de acompanhamento, foram realizadas 166 sessões, com duração média de 11 min. (DP= 50s) cada. Nelas, observaram-se 166 oportunidades para HM; porém em 90 delas a HM foi realizada. A taxa de adesão global foi de 54,2%; no primeiro acompanhamento foi de 50,8% e no último, 59,6%. Os enfermeiros e os fisioterapeutas foram os que obtiveram maiores percentuais de adesão (66,6%; p< 0,05). Ao ser comparada a adesão entre as categorias profissionais, verificou-se que os enfermeiros tiveram maior aderência à HM do que os técnicos de enfermagem (RC: 2,83; IC: 95% [1,08 7,4]). Com as demais categorias não houve diferença estatística. No que se refere ao teste de conhecimento, os maiores percentuais de acertos, acima de 90%, foram referentes a via de transmissão, técnica, produtos e transmissão ao profissional de saúde. Conclusão: A baixa adesão e conhecimento restrito sobre os benefícios da utilização do álcool para a HM remetem à necessidade de investimento adicional em capacitações para os profissionais de saúde sobre as práticas seguras relacionadas à HM, com vistas a elevar a cultura de segurança do paciente no pronto-socorro.

Introduktion: En god handhygien utgör grunden för att minska smittspridning av smittsamma sjukdomar. Vårdrelaterade infektioner kostar samhället mycket rent ekonomiskt och i lidande för den enskilde. Individer med funktionsnedsättning som bor på gruppbostad riskerar att drabbas om inte vårdpersonalen tillämpar de basala hygienrutinerna och är relevant ur ett folkhälsovetenskapligt perspektiv. Syfte: Att analysera en befintlig självskattningsenkät avseende efterlevnad av basala hygienrutiner gällande handhygien som genomförts under våren samt hösten 2020 bland kommunanställd omvårdnadspersonal på gruppboenden inom en kommun i Stockholm. Metod: En upprepad tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ och kvalitativ analys av en befintlig självskattningsenkät. Analysen baseras på enkätsvar med en svarsfrekvens på 78 % från personal inom kommunens 15 gruppboenden och bestod av 80 deltagare på våren respektive 81 deltagare på hösten2020. Resultat: Mellan 69 - 97,5 % av deltagarna ansåg att de följde hygienrutinerna avseende basal handhygien under år 2020. I jämförelse mellan vår och höst sågs en signifikant förbättring av användning av handsprit före omvårdnadsmoment. I studiens kvalitativa del framkom deltagarnasupplevelse av hinder i tillämpningen och dessa utgjordes bland annat av; varierad användning av handskar, ovetskap, glömska, tidsbrist, tillgänglighet samt praktiska hinder i verksamheten. Slutsats: En stor del av omvårdnadspersonalen ansåg att de följde de basala hygienrutinerna avseende handhygien men kravet på att all personal skall arbeta efter hygienrutinerna avseende handhygienuppfylls inte. Hygienutbildningen som omvårdnadspersonalen erbjuds behöver utvecklas för att främja utveckling av health literacy vilket kan bidra till en ökad förståelse för varför tillämpningen är viktig. Detta kan förbättra följsamheten till de basala hygienrutinerna. / Introduction: Good hand hygiene is the basis for reducing the spread of infections. Healthcare-related infections cost society a great deal financially and in suffering for the individual. Individuals with disabilities who live in group housing are at risk if the care staff does not apply the basic hygiene routines. Aim: Analyze an existing self-assessment survey regarding compliance with basic hygiene routines regarding hand hygiene that was carried out during the spring and autumn of 2020 among municipally employed nursing staff in group housing. Method: A repeated cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative analysis of an existing self-assessment survey. The analysis is based on questionnaire responses from staff with a response rate of 78%, within the municipality's 15 group homes and consisted of 80 participants in the spring and 81 participants in the autumn of 2020. Results: Between 69-97.5% of the participants considered that they followed the hygiene routines regarding basic hand hygiene during the year 2020. In a comparison between spring and autumn, a significant improvement was seen in the use of hand alcohol before nursing. The qualitative part of the study also revealed the participants' experience of obstacles, and included use of gloves, ignorance, forgetfulness, lack of time, accessibility and practical obstacles. Conclusion: A large part of the nursing staff believed that they followed the basic hygiene routines regarding hand hygiene. The hygiene training offered by the nursing staff needs to be developed to promote the development of health literacy. This can improve compliance with the basic hygiene routines.

Les infections associées aux soins de santé ou infections nosocomiales (IN) sont des effets indésirables ayant de graves conséquences sur la santé des patients. Les pathogènes responsables de certaines IN sont transmis par le biais des mains contaminées, entre autres celles des professionnels de la santé (PS). Ces IN sont donc en théorie évitables. L’hygiène des mains (HDM) est considérée comme la pierre angulaire de la prévention et contrôle des infections (PCI). C’est un moyen simple, efficace et peu couteux qui permet d’empêcher la transmission des pathogènes et de réduire la probabilité d’infections ultérieures. Malheureusement, les taux de conformité à l’HDM au sein des PS restent inférieurs à la cible globale de 80% indiquée par l’OMS, malgré de nombreuses campagnes instaurées pour sensibiliser ceux-ci. Considérant les faibles taux de conformité à l’HDM, les autorités sanitaires envisagent d’augmenter cette cible. Le but de mon mémoire est de synthétiser les preuves existantes sur l’association entre le taux de conformité à l’HDM et les taux d’incidence des IN. Ceci permettrait de déterminer s’il y a un taux optimal de conformité à l’HDM qui serait associé au plus faible taux d’incidence des IN. Les résultats obtenus permettront aux autorités sanitaires de considérer la pertinence de viser des cibles d’HDM plus élevées. J’ai effectué une revue systématique de la littérature afin d’analyser les données disponibles sur l’association des taux de conformité à l’HDM et le taux d’incidence des IN. J’ai également analysé les données sur les taux de conformité à l’HDM et les taux d’incidence d’IN des installations de soins de santé du Québec. Les résultats semblent démontrer qu’au-delà d’un taux de conformité à l’HDM de 60%, il y a peu de différence apparente entre un fort taux de conformité à l’HDM et un faible taux d’incidence des IN. L’HDM, quoique mesure très importante, n’est pas le seul facteur servant à réduire les IN. / Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an adverse event with serious consequences on the patients’ health. The pathogens responsible for some HAIs are mainly transmitted through hands, including those of healthcare workers (HCW). These HAIs are therefore theoretically preventable. Hand hygiene (HH) is considered the cornerstone of infection prevention and control. It is a simple, effective, and inexpensive way to prevent the transmission of pathogens and reduce the likelihood of subsequent infections. Unfortunately, HH compliance rates remain suboptimal among HCWs despite numerous HH campaigns. Considering the low HH compliance rates among HCWs, health authorities are considering further increasing the target for HH compliance rates. The goal of my dissertation is to synthesize the current evidence on the association between HH compliance rates and the incidence rates of HAIs to determine if there is an optimal HH compliance rate that is associated with the lowest incidence rate of HAIs. This will provide health authorities intel, to consider the relevance of setting higher HH compliance targets. I performed a systematic review of the literature to analyze the available data on the association of HH compliance rates and HAI incidence rates. I also analyzed HH compliance rates and HAI incidence rates reported by healthcare facilities in the province of Québec. The results seem to show that beyond a HH compliance rate of 60%, there are no clear differences between higher HHC rates and low incidence rates of HAIs. Although very important, HH compliance is not the only factor contributing to the decrease of HAIs.

Bakgrund: Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett omfattande problem över hela världen. En tredjedel av alla vårdskador i Sverige är vårdrelaterade infektioner. De vårdrelaterade infektionerna orsakar lidande hos de drabbade och medför stora kostnader för samhället. En VRI kostar i genomsnitt 107 000 kr per patient för svensk sjukvård. Händerna utgör den största smittkällan för sjukdomar inom vården och därför är det viktigt att vårdpersonalen tillämpar basala hygienrutiner i sitt arbete då detta kan minska spridningen av VRI inom vården. Syftet: Studiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenhet av följsamhet till handhygienrutiner inom slutenvård. Metod: Litteraturstudien använde 10 kvalitativa vetenskapsartiklar. Litteratursökningar gjordes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Kvalitetsgranskningen av utvalda studier genomfördes med SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Slutligen representerade de tio kvalitativa vetenskap artiklarna den samlade informationen i den aktuella litteraturstudien. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: rutiner som påverkar följsamhet, kunskap och färdigheter samt övriga faktorer som påverkar handhygienen. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor hävdar att brist på handhygienprodukter, personalbrist och kunskap påverkar följsamheten till handhygien rutinerna negativt. / Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a widespread issue worldwide. One-third of all healthcare injuries in Sweden are healthcare-associated infections. The care-related infections cause suffering to those affected and entail large costs for society. An HAI, on average, costs SEK 107,000 per patient for Swedish healthcare. The hands are the largest source of infection for diseases in healthcare and therefore it is important that healthcare professionals apply basic hygiene routines in their work as this can reduce the spread of HAI in healthcare. Aim: The aim of the study was to shed light on nurses' compliance with hand hygiene routines in hospitals. Method: A literature study including10 qualitative science articles. Literature searches were performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Quality review of selected studies was conducted with SBU's review template for qualitative studies. Finally, the ten qualitative scientific articles represented the collected information in the current literature review. Result: In the result, three categories of routines impacting compliance, knowledge, and skills, as well as other factors influencing hand hygiene. Conclusion: Nurses claim that a lack of hand hygiene products, lack of staff and knowledge has a negative effect on compliance with hand hygiene routines.

Background: Healthcare workers’ hand hygiene remains a key pillar because it prevents and controls healthcare associated infections. Healthcare Workers’ hand hygiene compliance is suboptimal. Aim: The study developed contextualised guidelines for Healthcare Workers’ hand hygiene and infection control in patient care. Methods: The Precede-Proceed model with Theory of Planned Behaviour guided the study. The study was conducted following the mixed methodology approach, observational survey, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature study with mixed thematic analyses in a research wheel process. Data were collected through direct participant observation of hand hygiene opportunities through observing (n=95 Healthcare Workers; n=570 practices). Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from Healthcare workers (n=189) regarding challenges they faced in achieving hand hygiene. Structured interviews were conducted with patients (n=574). Retrospective reviews of healthcare associated infections and their associated mortalities were carried out from mortality records. Data were analysed retrospectively. Partly the data were statistically and mixed thematically analysed. Guidelines were developed using intervention alignment throughout, mapping, matching, pooling, patching and validation corroborated with Precede-Proceed models’ best practices. The study was ethically reviewed and approved by University of South Africa and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe project numbers, 6067662 and MRCZ/B/208. Results: Hand hygiene non-compliances were mostly found in the following contexts, after touching patients’ surroundings, and before doing an aseptic procedure. A non-hand hygiene compliance of Healthcare workers 167(29.3%) and compliance 403(70.7%) in context was suboptimal with sad patients and challenges faced by Healthcare workers. Conclusion: Healthcare Workers had gaps in hand hygiene compliance and availability of required resources. Gaps were also noted in ongoing hand hygiene promotion educational strategies and guidelines to comply and prevent. Guidelines to enhance hand hygiene included, attend to hand hygiene strictly after touching patient surroundings, bed linen, lockers and curtains to prevent gastroenteritis; follow standard precautions against HCAIs from spreading to patients' environments; and comply with hand hygiene guidelines, policies and regulations for best practice with patients. The study contributes generalisable knowledge. / Health Studies / D. Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)

As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) desafiam constantemente a qualidade da assistência prestada no sistema de saúde como um todo. Apesar do conhecimento acerca do conceito de infecção hospitalar, suas origens, fatores relacionados e principalmente as medidas gerais de prevenção e controle das IRAS, o que normalmente se verifica, é a baixa adesão dos PAS às medidas preventivas. Existem várias medidas fortemente embasadas em evidências científicas, porém, a utilização dessas medidas, por profissionais de saúde, permanece um grande desafio. Estudos mencionam que o não cumprimento das diretrizes é um problema universal, e para desenvolver intervenções bem-sucedidas, são necessárias mais pesquisas sobre os determinantes comportamentais. Diante disso este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a adesão às práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção dos (PAS) que atuam em UTI, tais como: cuidados de manipulação e curativo de cateteres venosos centrais (CVC) e manipulação direta do paciente e de seu ambiente próximo e investigar uma possível correlação entre a adesão dos PAS e o desempenho de seus testes psicológicos que avaliaram seus Estilos de pensamento, Autoestima, Qualidade de vida, Estresse e Personalidade. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, prospectivo, no período de julho de 2012 a dezembro de 2013 em quatro Unidades de Terapia Intensiva em um grande hospital escola. Foram realizadas 7.572 observações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas de 248 profissionais que atuaram em quatro UTIs, constituídos por médicos e enfermeiros (auxiliares de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros). Para a equipe de enfermagem a proporção de adesão para o procedimento de cuidados com a manipulação variou entre 13% e 95%, ficando com a menor adesão as etapas que envolveram a higienização das mãos (HM) antes de manipular o cateter e a desinfecção da conexão do CVC. Para o procedimento de cuidados com o curativo do CVC a proporção de adesão variou entre 14% e 99%, ficando com a menor adesão novamente as etapas que envolveram a HM antes de iniciar a troca do curativo do CVC. Para avaliação da equipe médica foi observada a adesão à HM das mãos nos cinco momentos propostos pela OMS. A proporção de adesão variou entre 10% e 98%. Observou-se menor taxa de adesão para os momentos \"Antes do contato direto com o paciente\", \"Após contato com ambiente próximo ao paciente\" e \"Antes de procedimentos assépticos\". Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística ajustado para avaliar a associação entre à adesão às práticas de controle de infecção e os testes psicológicos dos profissionais de saúde e apenas a autoestima e aspectos de personalidade (agressão, assistência, deferência, afago e afiliação) obtiveram associação com a adesão às práticas de controle de infecção. Conhecer fatores biopsicossociais (características de personalidade e autoestima) capazes de gerar comportamentos que influenciam o ato de adesão dos PAS às práticas de controle de infecção, pode ser um passo importante para projetar estratégias de intervenção mais eficientes para modificar o comportamento dos profissionais de saúde e aumentar as boas práticas / Health care-associated infections (HAI) consistently challenge the quality of care provided in the health system as a whole. Despite knowledge about hospital infection, its origins, associated factors and the general measures of prevention and control, usually a low adherence of healthcare professional to preventive measures is observed. There are several scientifically-based preventive measures, however the use of these guidelines by health professionals remains a major challenge. Studies point out that failure to comply with the guidelines is a universal problem and for successful interventions to be developed further research on behavioral determinants is needed. The objective of this study was: -to evaluate the adherence to the prevention and infection control practices by healthcare professionals working in ICUs, during procedures such as handling and dressing of central venous catheters (CVC), and direct manipulation of the patient and the close environment to the patient; and -to investigate a possible correlation between adherence of healthcare professionals and their performance in psychological tests (Styles of Thought, Self Esteem, Quality of Life, Stress and Personality). An observational, prospective study was carried out from July 2012 to December 2013 in four Intensive Care Units in a large teaching hospital. A total of 7,572 observations was made, for 248 healthcare professionals who worked in four ICUs. These were doctors and nurses (nurse assistants, nurse technicians and registered nurses). For the nursing team the proportion of adherence to adequate procedures involving CVC manipulation varied between 13% and 95%. The steps with smaller adhesion were: hand hygiene (HM) before beginning the CVC manipulation and disinfection of the CVC hub. For the CVC dressing, adherence varied between 14% and 99%. Lowest adherence was observed for HM before beginning the dressing. For doctors, hand hygiene was observed during the five moments proposed by the WHO. Compliance varied between 10% and 98%. Lowest compliance was observed for the moments: \" Before direct contact with the patient \",\" After contact with environment close to the patient \"and\" Before aseptic procedure \". An adjusted regression logistics model was used to evaluate the correlation between adherence to infection control practices by the healthcare professionals and their psychological tests. Self-esteem and aspects of personality (aggression, attendance, affiliation and cuddle) were associated with compliance. We believe that knowing biopsychosocial factors (personality traits and self-esteem) that may influence adherence of healthcare professionals to infection control practices can be an important step to develop more efficient intervention strategies to modify behavior and increase quality of care for patients

As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) desafiam constantemente a qualidade da assistência prestada no sistema de saúde como um todo. Apesar do conhecimento acerca do conceito de infecção hospitalar, suas origens, fatores relacionados e principalmente as medidas gerais de prevenção e controle das IRAS, o que normalmente se verifica, é a baixa adesão dos PAS às medidas preventivas. Existem várias medidas fortemente embasadas em evidências científicas, porém, a utilização dessas medidas, por profissionais de saúde, permanece um grande desafio. Estudos mencionam que o não cumprimento das diretrizes é um problema universal, e para desenvolver intervenções bem-sucedidas, são necessárias mais pesquisas sobre os determinantes comportamentais. Diante disso este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a adesão às práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção dos (PAS) que atuam em UTI, tais como: cuidados de manipulação e curativo de cateteres venosos centrais (CVC) e manipulação direta do paciente e de seu ambiente próximo e investigar uma possível correlação entre a adesão dos PAS e o desempenho de seus testes psicológicos que avaliaram seus Estilos de pensamento, Autoestima, Qualidade de vida, Estresse e Personalidade. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, prospectivo, no período de julho de 2012 a dezembro de 2013 em quatro Unidades de Terapia Intensiva em um grande hospital escola. Foram realizadas 7.572 observações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas de 248 profissionais que atuaram em quatro UTIs, constituídos por médicos e enfermeiros (auxiliares de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros). Para a equipe de enfermagem a proporção de adesão para o procedimento de cuidados com a manipulação variou entre 13% e 95%, ficando com a menor adesão as etapas que envolveram a higienização das mãos (HM) antes de manipular o cateter e a desinfecção da conexão do CVC. Para o procedimento de cuidados com o curativo do CVC a proporção de adesão variou entre 14% e 99%, ficando com a menor adesão novamente as etapas que envolveram a HM antes de iniciar a troca do curativo do CVC. Para avaliação da equipe médica foi observada a adesão à HM das mãos nos cinco momentos propostos pela OMS. A proporção de adesão variou entre 10% e 98%. Observou-se menor taxa de adesão para os momentos \"Antes do contato direto com o paciente\", \"Após contato com ambiente próximo ao paciente\" e \"Antes de procedimentos assépticos\". Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística ajustado para avaliar a associação entre à adesão às práticas de controle de infecção e os testes psicológicos dos profissionais de saúde e apenas a autoestima e aspectos de personalidade (agressão, assistência, deferência, afago e afiliação) obtiveram associação com a adesão às práticas de controle de infecção. Conhecer fatores biopsicossociais (características de personalidade e autoestima) capazes de gerar comportamentos que influenciam o ato de adesão dos PAS às práticas de controle de infecção, pode ser um passo importante para projetar estratégias de intervenção mais eficientes para modificar o comportamento dos profissionais de saúde e aumentar as boas práticas / Health care-associated infections (HAI) consistently challenge the quality of care provided in the health system as a whole. Despite knowledge about hospital infection, its origins, associated factors and the general measures of prevention and control, usually a low adherence of healthcare professional to preventive measures is observed. There are several scientifically-based preventive measures, however the use of these guidelines by health professionals remains a major challenge. Studies point out that failure to comply with the guidelines is a universal problem and for successful interventions to be developed further research on behavioral determinants is needed. The objective of this study was: -to evaluate the adherence to the prevention and infection control practices by healthcare professionals working in ICUs, during procedures such as handling and dressing of central venous catheters (CVC), and direct manipulation of the patient and the close environment to the patient; and -to investigate a possible correlation between adherence of healthcare professionals and their performance in psychological tests (Styles of Thought, Self Esteem, Quality of Life, Stress and Personality). An observational, prospective study was carried out from July 2012 to December 2013 in four Intensive Care Units in a large teaching hospital. A total of 7,572 observations was made, for 248 healthcare professionals who worked in four ICUs. These were doctors and nurses (nurse assistants, nurse technicians and registered nurses). For the nursing team the proportion of adherence to adequate procedures involving CVC manipulation varied between 13% and 95%. The steps with smaller adhesion were: hand hygiene (HM) before beginning the CVC manipulation and disinfection of the CVC hub. For the CVC dressing, adherence varied between 14% and 99%. Lowest adherence was observed for HM before beginning the dressing. For doctors, hand hygiene was observed during the five moments proposed by the WHO. Compliance varied between 10% and 98%. Lowest compliance was observed for the moments: \" Before direct contact with the patient \",\" After contact with environment close to the patient \"and\" Before aseptic procedure \". An adjusted regression logistics model was used to evaluate the correlation between adherence to infection control practices by the healthcare professionals and their psychological tests. Self-esteem and aspects of personality (aggression, attendance, affiliation and cuddle) were associated with compliance. We believe that knowing biopsychosocial factors (personality traits and self-esteem) that may influence adherence of healthcare professionals to infection control practices can be an important step to develop more efficient intervention strategies to modify behavior and increase quality of care for patients

Performance of hand hygiene is among the most effective means of preventing healthcare associated infections (HAI) among patients. Deaths resulting from HAIs are one of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States. Any improvement in the frequency of hand hygiene among healthcare professionals may have a direct impact on patient mortality and associated costs. While anesthesia professionals have been found to have low rates of hand hygiene adherence, few targeted studies seeking to improve hand hygiene adherence among this group exist. Studies conducted to improve hand hygiene among health care professionals have reported limited improvement, with overall inconclusive recommendations for improving prolonged hand hygiene adherence rates. The purpose of this project was to improve anesthesia professionals’ hand hygiene through encouragement of performance and education on the current state of research in the area of anesthesia associated HAIs. Hand hygiene rates were evaluated through measuring the amount of hand sanitizer used at eleven anesthesia workstations in the main operating room of a hospital. Measurements were taken at baseline and continued for three months after the educational program was implemented.

Introduction to the issue and the importance of the topic: The subject of this diploma thesis is to focus on issues related to teaching methods for the practice of hand hygiene in health care professionals in medical facilities. The issue of increasing efficiency in education is today an increasingly relevant topic supporting the activity of every person. In medical facilities, we encounter a problem with employee motivation, mutual interaction and communication when practicing new nursing procedures (hand hygiene), (Cullen, 2017). Unfortunately, most lecturers still teach only traditional teaching methods and use activating methods minimally or not at all (Sitná et al., 2009). Such a stereotype in the teaching process often provides only mechanical reproduction of the learned content. There is no consideration of understanding and practical interconnection, which is often boring and cumbersome for employees (Duran et al., 2017). The lecturer should pass on theoretical knowledge and practical skills to the given employees and thus develop their attitudes necessary for the performance of their profession (Vengl, 2011). Although much attention is paid to education in the literature, the methods used are often briefly characterized and listed by the authors. The primary focus of this work is on...