Globally, investigations into food-borne illnesses show that the majority of cases involve poor hand hygiene of the food handler. The challenge of providing safe food therefore requires new strategies for evaluating cross-contamination of pathogenic micro-organisms on the food handler's hands, which might be detrimental or hazardous to the health of the patient Although food-borne diseases may be multifactorial in aetiology, no standards or evaluation systems, such as an occupational health surveillance programme, are available to monitor and ensure that food is free of pathogens. The formulation and implementation of standards may contribute to ensuring that food handlers comply with hand hygiene practices during food handling. Such practices guarantee that food reaching the patient is safe. The objectives in this research project originated from the occupational health practice and gave direction of the empirical research project. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning the food handlers' hand hygiene during food handling and food-borne illnesses and the theoretical framework gave direction and guidance to the survey design of the empirical research, which was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The food handlers from the food preparation sections of the four major healthcare services in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province, South Africa, were the target population and the sampling method was all-inclusive (n=110). Eighty (75.47%) food handlers participated in the research project. The design entailed three steps. The first was conducted with a questionnaire, to identify the food handlers' compliance with hand hygiene during food handling. The second step involved determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the food handlers' hands. The results were used for the formulation of standards for the hand hygiene of food handlers. Finally, recommendations for practice, education and research were made. The implementation of these recommendations could contribute knowledge to the body of nursing and promote good hand hygiene practices in the healthcare service. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Globally, investigations into food-borne illnesses show that the majority of cases involve poor hand hygiene of the food handler. The challenge of providing safe food therefore requires new strategies for evaluating cross-contamination of pathogenic micro-organisms on the food handler's hands, which might be detrimental or hazardous to the health of the patient Although food-borne diseases may be multifactorial in aetiology, no standards or evaluation systems, such as an occupational health surveillance programme, are available to monitor and ensure that food is free of pathogens. The formulation and implementation of standards may contribute to ensuring that food handlers comply with hand hygiene practices during food handling. Such practices guarantee that food reaching the patient is safe. The objectives in this research project originated from the occupational health practice and gave direction of the empirical research project. The literature was reviewed to discover what is currently known concerning the food handlers' hand hygiene during food handling and food-borne illnesses and the theoretical framework gave direction and guidance to the survey design of the empirical research, which was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The food handlers from the food preparation sections of the four major healthcare services in Potchefstroom, in the North West Province, South Africa, were the target population and the sampling method was all-inclusive (n=110). Eighty (75.47%) food handlers participated in the research project. The design entailed three steps. The first was conducted with a questionnaire, to identify the food handlers' compliance with hand hygiene during food handling. The second step involved determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the food handlers' hands. The results were used for the formulation of standards for the hand hygiene of food handlers. Finally, recommendations for practice, education and research were made. The implementation of these recommendations could contribute knowledge to the body of nursing and promote good hand hygiene practices in the healthcare service. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Introdução: A prevenção de infecções relacionadas com a assistência à saúde (IRAS) é universalmente considerada relevante para os sistemas de saúde, pois afetam tanto os pacientes quanto os profissionais da assistência. As mãos dos profissionais constituem o elo importante na cadeia de transmissão de microrganismos entre o paciente colonizado e aquele que não tem tal status. A higienização das mãos (HM) é o meio mais efetivo para minimizar o risco de transmissão e envolve a escolha de um produto eficaz e bem aceito pelo profissional. Atualmente há indicação preferencial para o uso de produto alcoólico para HM para a maioria das situações. Entretanto, na prática, outros produtos germicidas também têm sido indicados. Entre eles, o gluconato de clorexidina (GCX), que é uma biguanida catiônica que tem sua atividade antimicrobiana atribuída à invasão na membrana e posterior ruptura das membranas citoplasmáticas, resultando na precipitação do conteúdo. O GCX tem sido utilizado em situações específicas, porém ainda sem evidências que justifiquem sua indicação prioritária. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é selecionar e analisar as evidências científicas para fundamentar a indicação prioritária do uso de sabonete com GCX para HM na assistência à saúde. O estudo propõe como objetivos específicos identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis referentes a HM realizada com sabão contendo GCX quanto: a associação com a redução das IRAS, a relação do uso contínuo com a seleção de microrganismos resistentes a GCX e a relação com a saúde da pele das mãos dos profissionais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão sistemática, finalizada em abril de 2017, cujo método seguiu as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) e do Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015. A aplicação da estratégia PICO buscou responder os objetivos específicos. Incluiu-se como base de dados para a pesquisa: Medline, Cinahl, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar e Teses como literatura cinzenta, sem restrição de linguagem e publicadas a partir de 1985. A seleção dos artigos contou com dois revisores que utilizaram instrumentos de avaliação do JBI. Análise dos dados: Este estudo gerou três revisões, uma para cada pergunta de pesquisa. A revisão relacionada a transmissão de infecção incluiu 764 artigos, 40 para leitura integral e quatro estudos incluídos na revisão, 75% dos artigos com desenho quase-experimental, nenhum artigo foi excluído pelo instrumento de avaliação JBI. Os quatro artigos não mostraram diferença significativa de taxas de infecção quando relacionados ao uso do GCX. A revisão relacionada com a seleção de microrganismos resistentes a GCX incluiu 533 artigos, 27 foram para leitura integral e 12 artigos foram selecionados, dois dos quais foram excluídos ao serem avaliados pelos critérios JBI. Entre os 10 artigos, 60 % eram estudos descritivos. A análise dos resultados dos 10 estudos científicos mostra que três não relacionam o uso do GCX com a seleção de microrganismos resistentes enquanto sete estudos sugerem que o uso contínuo pode selecionar microrganismos resistentes a este princípio ativo. A revisão relacionada com a aceitação dermatológica captou 611 artigos, 27 para leitura integral e oito artigos foram selecionados, dos quais 75% eram estudos experimentais. O estudo E6 foi excluído por não atender questão eliminatória do instrumento JBI. A análise dos resultados dos sete estudos sugere que o uso do GCX está associado à maior número de eventos de reação de pele. Conclusão: o uso do GCX para HM não mostrou impacto na redução das IRAS. Os dados sugerem que o uso indevido ou prolongado pode selecionar microrganismos resistentes à GCX e a aplicação do produto está relacionada a eventos de pele, o que pode impactar nas taxas de adesão de HM. / Introduction: The prevention of health care-related infections (HCI) is universally considered relevant for health systems, as they affect both patients and healthcare workers (HCW). In the chain of microorganism transmission the hands of HCW are an important link between the colonized patient and the one who does not have such status. Hand hygiene (HH) is the most effective method to reduce the transmission risk of infection and it involves the selection of an effective product that is well accepted by the HCW. Currently, alcohol-based products are the preferred option for HH for most situations. In practice, however, a range of other microbial products have also been recommended. Among them chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), a cationic biguanide that has its antimicrobial activity attributed to membrane invasion, and subsequent rupture of cytoplasmic membranes, resulting in precipitation of the content. CHG has been used in specific situations, but it still has no evidence to justify its preferred recommendation. Objective: The aim of this study is to recognize and to summarize scientific evidence to support preferred recommendation of the use of CHG-based soap for hand hygiene in healthcare. The study proposes specific objectives as to identify available scientific evidence regarding CHG-containing soap for HH and determine: its association with the reduction of health care-associated infections (HAIs) transmission, the association of the routine use of CHG and selection of CHG resistant strains, and the association of CHG-based hand washing as well the integrity of HCW hand skin. Method: This is a systematic review study accomplished in April 2017, which was based on the protocol of the Institute Joanna Briggs (JBI) and the recommendations from Systematic Review and Meta- analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015. PICO strategy was applied in order to address some specific objectives. The database for the research consisted of: Medline, Cinahl, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scholar Google and Theses as gray literature without language restriction and published since 1985. The studies selection was carried out by two researchers who used assessment tools from the Institute Joanna Briggs. Data analysis: This study originated three distinct reviews aiming to answer three questions derived from the main research question. The first one, regarding infection transmission included 764 articles, 40 to be entirely read and four studies to be included in the review, 75% of articles with quasi-experimental design, no studies were excluded by JBI assessment instrument. Four articles did not show any significant difference in infection rates associated to the use of CHG. The revision regarding the selection of CHG-resistant microorganisms included 533 articles, 27 to be entirely read and 12 were selected, two of which were excluded after being assessed by JBI criteria. Among 10 articles, 60% were of descriptive studies. Analysis of outcomes of 10 scientific studies showed that three of them did not relate the continuous use of CHG with the selection of resistant microorganisms while seven suggest that long-term use may select resistant strains to this active ingredient. The last one, regarding dermatological acceptance included 611 articles, 27 to be entirely read and eight were selected, being 75% of experimental studies. Study E6 was excluded because it did not address the pré-defined elimination question of JBI instrument. The analysis of outcomes of seven studies suggests that the use of CHG is associated with the higher number of skin reaction events. Conclusion: the use of CHG for HH has not shown any impact on the reduction of IRAS. Data suggest that inappropriate or long-term use of it may select CHG-resistant strains and skin events have been more frequently related to its application when compared to other products, which may have an impact on HH adherence rates.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-17T18:29:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Mello de Oliveira Araujo.pdf: 4323012 bytes, checksum: e9a94bcc1720502f015dcde569677936 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T18:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Mello de Oliveira Araujo.pdf: 4323012 bytes, checksum: e9a94bcc1720502f015dcde569677936 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / Situação-problema: O objeto deste estudo é a adesão ao uso de solução alcoólica para higienização simples das mãos pelos profissionais de saúde que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivos: Apresenta o seguinte objetivo geral: Determinar a adesão ao uso de solução alcoólica para higienização das mãos pelos profissionais de saúde da UTIN, a partir de observações realizadas em conformidade com a estratégia multimodal da OMS. Tem como objetivos específicos: Elaborar um instrumento de observação da higienização das mãos fundamentado no “Manual para observadores: estratégia multimodal da OMS”, considerando as especificidades relacionadas à UTI Neonatal. Observar a adesão ao uso de solução alcoólica para higiene das mãos dos profissionais de saúde nas oportunidades durante a assistência ao paciente e a adequação da técnica. Calcular a adesão dos profissionais ao uso de solução alcoólica na higiene simples das mãos. Bases conceituais: A importância da higienização das mãos na redução das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde, a unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e o controle de infecção com ênfase na estratégia multimodal. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo do tipo observacional, cujos participantes foram os membros da equipe multiprofissional que atuam na UTI Neonatal. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de sessões de observação baseada nas oportunidades de higienização das mãos durante a assistência ao paciente propostas no “Manual para observadores: estratégia multimodal da OMS”. Resultados e discussão: O índice global de adesão à higienização das mãos da UTI neonatal foi elevado em comparação aos estudos publicados e destacados pela OMS.Os dados demonstram que a utilização do álcool na higiene das mãos predominou, mesmo com erros na técnica na utilização da solução alcoólica pelos profissionais de saúde,há um reconhecimento das indicações para efetivação da adesão.Produto:O produto consiste num instrumento denominado formulário de observação com enfoque na UTI neonatal e um roteiro de orientação para o observador registrar as oportunidades de higienização das mãos e o cálculo da adesão dos profissionais / The object of this study is the adherence to the use of alcoholic solution for simple sanitization of the hands by healthcare professionals working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Objectives: Displays the following general objective: to determine the adherence to the use of alcoholic solution for hand hygiene by health professionals of the NICU, from observations carried out in accordance with the strategy of the multimodal WHO. Has as specific objectives: to draw up an instrument of observation of hand hygiene in "Manual for reasoned observers: multimodal strategy of WHO", considering the specificities related to neonatal ICU. Observe the adherence to the use of alcoholic solution for hand hygiene of health professionals in the opportunities during patient care and the adequacy of the technique. Calculate the adherence of professionals to the use of alcoholic solution in simple hygiene of hands. Conceptual bases: the importance of hand washing in the reduction of infections related to health care, the neonatal intensive care unit and the control of infection with emphasis on multimodal strategy. Methodology: a quantitative study of the observational study, whose participants were the multiprofessional team members that act in the neonatal ICU. The data collection was carried out through observation sessions based on opportunities for hand hygiene during patient care proposals in the "Manual to observers: multimodal strategy WHO." Results and Discussion: The overall rate of adherence to hand hygiene in the neonatal ICU was high in comparison to other studies published and highlighted by WHO.The data shows that the use of alcohol on hand hygiene was predominant, even with errors in the technique in the use of alcoholic solution by health professionals,there is a recognition of the signs for effectuation of membership. Product: The product consists of an instrument called the observation form with focus in the neonatal ICU and a roadmap of guidance for the observer to register opportunities of hand washing and the calculation of the accession of the professionals

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-21T19:43:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana da Silva Clerc de Freitas.pdf: 2602295 bytes, checksum: 816c9bbfa029aff69719fd38b5355800 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T19:43:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana da Silva Clerc de Freitas.pdf: 2602295 bytes, checksum: 816c9bbfa029aff69719fd38b5355800 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / O objeto deste estudo são estratégias inovadoras para promoção da higienização das mãos,com a finalidade de estimular os profissionais com criatividade, buscando sensibilizá-los para a importância dessa prática no seu dia a dia. O estudo foi realizado num hospital privado e acreditado, que possui um histórico de campanhas e treinamentos permanentes de higiene das mãos, entretanto, a adesão se mostra inconstante, ou seja, em alguns momentos se eleva e noutros volta a diminuir. Várias estratégias vêm sendo criadas e implementadas tomando por base a Estratégia Multimodal da OMS e também, o enfoque em transmitir a concepção sobre a higienização das mãos como parte da cultura de segurança do paciente e proteção dos próprios profissionais. O estudo apresenta como objetivo geral: Implementar um plano de ação fundamentado na estratégia multimodal da OMS, desenvolvendo idéias inovadoras para a promoção da higienização das mãos dos profissionais de saúde.Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa que utilizou fontes documentais para coleta de dados que comprovam e ratificam a descrição das estratégias inovadoras e sua aplicação. O estudo utilizou, também, a observação participante, uma vez que a autora esteve presente e participou de vários momentos descritos nos resultados. Foram realizados os 5 componentes que formam a estratégia multimodal: 1) Mudança no sistema, levando ao aumento do quantitativo de dispensers de álcool em gel; 2) Capacitação e Treinamento, no qual foram realizados vários treinamentos setoriais com dinâmicas; 3) Avaliação e feedback, com avaliações da prática da higienização das mãos e indicador de consumo dos produtos, havendo reconhecimento do setor com maior consumo; 4)Lembretes no local de trabalho, sendo espalhados cartazes por toda instituição; 5) Clima institucional seguro, no qual as estratégias foram apoiadas pela direção da instituição. Também foram realizadas entrevistas onde se destacou a educação permanente como uma estratégia fundamental e o programa de reconhecimento como um recurso importante de estímulo ao profissional. A implementação das estratégias inovadoras estão inseridas num plano de ação fundamentado na estratégia multimodal que é o produto desta pesquisa com enfoque na adesão da higienização das mãos bem sucedida e sustentável / The object of this study are innovative strategies to promote hand hygiene, in order to stimulate professionals with creativity, seeking to sensitize them to the importance of this practice in their day to day. The study was conducted in a private hospital and believed, which has a history of campaigns and permanent training of hand hygiene, however, adherence shown fickle, that is, at times rises and other back to decrease. Several strategies have been designed and implemented building on the Multimodal Strategy of WHO and also the approach to convey the concept of hand hygiene as part of patient safety culture and protection of the professionals themselves. The study presents the general objective: to build an action plan for implementation of the multimodal strategy, using innovative ideas for sustainable promotion of hand hygiene of health professionals. This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach to documentary sources used to collect data that demonstrate and confirm the description of innovative strategies and their implementation. The study used also, participant observation, since the author was present and participated in various times described in the results. 5 the components which form the multimodal strategy were used: 1) a change in the system, leading to increase in the quantity of alcohol gel dispenser; 2) Capacity Building and Training, which were held several sectoral training with dynamic; 3) Evaluation and feedback, with evaluations of the practice of hand washing and consumption indicator of products, with industry recognition with higher consumption; 4) Reminders workplace, posters being spread throughout institution; 5) secure institutional climate in which strategies were supported by the management of the institution. Interviews were also conducted where it highlighted the continuing education as a key strategy and recognition program as an important resource for encouraging professional. The implementation of innovative strategies are part of a reasoned plan of action in the multimodal strategy that is the product of this research focused on membership of handwashing successful and sustainable

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Förutsättningarna för god och säker vård är att basala hygienrutinerna följs inom vården. Genom tillämpning av god handhygien motverkas smittspridning och vårdrelaterade infektioner. Vårdskador kan medföra att vårdtiden ökar och orsaka lidande för patienten och är därför ett hot mot säker vård. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vårdpersonalens följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner, på en medicinsk akutvårdsavdelning med fokus på handhygien. Metod: En kvantitativ registerstudie med långtidsuppföljning har utförts. Datamaterialet var hämtat från registret för Mätning och Analys (MOA). Observationerna insamlades av hygienobservatörer på en medicinsk akutvårdsavdelning i södra Sverige år 2013 – 2018. Data importerades över till statistikprogrammet SPSS. Deskriptiv och analytisk statistik har använts för analys.  Resultat: Vid analys framkom (n=491) det att följsamheten till handhygienen har brister, undersköterskor visar på högst följsamhet. Handsprit efter patientkontakt var det momentet som visade högst följsamhet. Det finns brister i handhygienen över tid då följsamheten inte var hundraprocentig under samtliga år. Slutsats: Följsamheten till handhygienen påverkas av många faktorer. God och säker vård är beroende av att vårdpersonal har kunskap om handhygien och smittspridning. För att vårdpersonal ska förbättra det preventiva arbetet mot säkrare vård är det vårdgivaren som ska medverka till ny kunskap. Medarbetare har ansvaret för att upprätthålla och följa den kunskapen. / Summary Backgorund: The preconditions for good and safe care is that the basic hygiene routines are followed within the care. The application of good hand hygiene prevents the spread of infection and health-related infections. Care injuries can increase the length of care and cause suffering for the patient and are therefore a threat to safe care. Aim: To investigate the compliance of healthcare professionals to basic hygiene routines, in a medical emergency care department with a focus on hand hygiene. Method: A quantitative registry study with long-term follow-up has been performed. The data material was retrieved from the register for Measurement and Analysis (MOA). The observations were collected by hygiene observers at a medical emergency department in southern Sweden in 2013 - 2018. Data was imported into the statistical program SPSS. Descriptive and analytical statistics have been used for analysis. Results: In the analysis (n=491) it was found that the adherence to the hand hygiene has shortcomings, the assistant nurses show the highest adherence. Hand rub after patient contact was the element that showed the highest level of compliance. There are shortcomings in hand hygiene overtime as compliance was not hundred percent during all years. Conclusion: Adherence to hand hygiene is influenced by many factors. Good and safe care is dependent on the fact that healthcare professionals have knowledge of hand hygiene and the spread of infection. In order for healthcare professionals to improve preventive work towards safer care, the healthcare provider must contribute to new knowledge. Employees are responsible for maintaining and following that knowledge.

Centrum för Teknik i Medicin och Hälsa deltar i ett projekt som heter Innovation mot Infektion som arbetar med att hitta nya lösningar för att minska vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI). Omkring tio procent av inlagda patienter drabbas av VRI i Sverige. Studier hävdar att bristfällig handhygien är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till smittspridning. Hur väl produkterna på sjukhus fungerar för vårdpersonalen påverkar hur väl handhygienen sköts. Genom att utvärdera de produkter som används idag kan det underlätta för vårdpersonalen att hålla en god handhygien. Med en analys om vilka produkter som finns på marknaden och om vad forskningen fokuserar på kan värdefull information fås inför upphandlingar. Det kan leda till minskad smittspridning i vårdlokaler. Examensarbetet utförde en användaranalys, på Hematologiskt Centrum i Huddinge tillhörande Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, där produkter för vårdpersonalens handhygien undersöktes. Där uppmärksammades det att undersökningshandskar är ett problem. Därför uppdaterades en kravspecifikation för undersökningshandskar samt för dess förpackningar och väggmonterade ställning. Dessutom togs en användarguide för undersökningshandskar fram med syftet att fungera som ett förtydligande komplement till Karolinska Universitetssjukhusets material. En marknadsundersökning av produkter som främjar god handhygien utfördes samt en kartläggning av vilka trender och områden som kommer komma i framtiden på marknaden. Detta gjordes med syftet att validera produkternas effektivitet för att se om det finns eller kommer utvecklas bättre produkter än de som Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset redan använder eller känner till. En produktutveckling applicerades med syftet att minska kontamineringen av förpackningen och dess undersökningshandskar samt för att minska resursslöseri som uppstår när undersökningshandskar tas ur dess förpackning. Detta resulterade i en virtuell produkt av en väggmonterad ställning för förpackningarna som möjliggör att ta undersökningshandskar styckvis och som kan minska smittspridningen via undersökningshandskar. Sökord: handhygien, sjukhus, användaranalys, produkter, undersökningshandskar, produktutveckling / Centrum for Technology in Medicine and Health work in a project called Innovation against Infections whose task is to find new solutions to decrease healthcare associated infections (HAI). About ten per cent of the hospitalized patients in Sweden are affected by HAI. Studies claim that inadequate hand hygiene is one of the most common causes to contamination. How well the products at hospitals work for the healthcare staff affects their compliance of hand hygiene. By evaluating their products that they are using today can make it easier for the staff to uphold good hand hygiene. To analyse which products that are on the market and to analyse what research is focusing on, valuable information to procurements can be achieved. That can lead to decreased contamination in healthcare facilities. The thesis implemented a user analysis, at the Hematology Center in Huddinge associated to Karolinska University Hospital, where products for hand hygiene used by healthcare personnel were investigated. The result showed that examination gloves are a problem. Therefore, an update of the requirement specifications was made for examination gloves, and for its packaging and wall-mounted box holder. Moreover, a user guide for examination gloves was produced with the aim to serve as a clarification complement to other information by the Karolinska University Hospital. A market research of products that promote good hand hygiene was performed. The project also conducted a mapping of the trends and areas that will come in the future. The purpose was to validate the effectiveness of these products to see if there is or will come more suitable products than the ones Karolinska University Hospital is using today or is aware of. A product development was applied with the intention to solve the contamination of the packaging and the including examination gloves and decrease the waste of resources that occurs when examination gloves are extracted out of its box. The result was a virtual product of a wallmounted box holder that enables the examination gloves to be extracted individually and that can reduce the contamination when using examination gloves. Keyword: hand hygiene, hospital, user analysis, products, examination gloves, product development

Sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljö innebär ständig kontakt med bakterier och andra mikroorganismer. I denna miljö utgör händerna det viktigaste arbetsredskapet, men är samtidigt den största källan till smittspridning. Noggrannhet när det gäller handhygien är därför av största vikt i vårdandet av sjuka människor. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sjuksköterskans kunskap om handhygien utifrån Handbok för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal (2005). En empirisk studie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes med urval av 21 sjuksköterskor. Datainsamling bestående av enkät med öppna frågor utfördes på två kirurgiska respektive medicinska avdelningar på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige. Resultatet visar bristfällig kunskap rörande handtvätt, handdesinfektion och hur handskar ska användas. Däremot har majoriteten god kunskap om naglars utseende och att smycken inte bör användas inom vården. Urvalet kan dock ses som något litet för att långtgående slutsatser av framtaget resultat ska kunna dras. I framtida forskning med större urval finns möjlighet till ett mer trovärdigt resultat. / A nurse working environment means a constantly in contact with bacteria’s and other micro organism. In this environment the hands represent the most important working tools, but they are also the largest disease transmission sources. A thorough hand hygiene procedure considers therefore of great importance in the care of illness. The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene by means of the Handbook for healthcare workers (2005). The empirical study with a qualitative approach was carried out among 21 selected nurses. The collection of data was a survey with open questions handled to two surgical respective medical wards at a hospital in southern of Sweden. The result showed a lack of knowledge concerning hand washing, hand disinfections and gloves should be used. However a majority showed a good knowledge of nails and jewellery wear in care taking work. The small population of this study must be considered as insufficient to represent far-reaching conclusion of the study result. Future research with a larger population could possible present a more reliability result.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa vetenskaplig kunskap om hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot handhygien. Resultatet baseras på 10 st vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visar att sjukvårdspersonal har en positiv attityd till handhygien vid patientkontakt eller vid exposition av kroppsvätska. Däremot finns en negativ attityd vid användandet av handskar, tro att handhygien orsakar hudirritation och när handhygiensmedel ej finns lättillgängligt. Personalens attityder påverkas av vilken kunskap de har och deras arbetsledares åsikter gällande handhygien. Slutsatsen är att personalen behöver ökad kunskap inom detta ämne för att därmed påverka deras attityder och hur de utför handhygien. Ytterligare forskning kring sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot handhygien behövs och då mer inriktad på enskilda yrkeskategorier för att kunskapsutbildningar ska kunna anpassas till specifika behov. / The aim of this study was to compile scientific knowledge of health personnel’s attitudes towards hand hygiene. The result is based on 10 scientific articles. The result shows that health personnel have a positive attitude toward hand hygiene when contact with patients or exposure of body fluids. On the other hand, negative attitude are shown when using gloves, believes that hand hygiene causes skin irritation or when hand disinfection is not easily accessible. Personnel’s knowledge and their superior’s opinions about hand hygiene have an effect on the personnel’s attitude. The summary is that more knowledge among the personnel is needed to change their attitudes and behaviour of hand hygiene. More research about health personnel’s attitudes towards hand hygiene are even needed in a more specific way where different professions attitudes are investigated, so that education can adjust to their particular needs.

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