The first definitive haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produced during embryonic development are generated from a specialised subset of endothelial cells known as haemogenic endothelium. Recently, it was reported that Gata3 plays a dual role in the development of sympathetic nervous system and haematopoietic system. In fact, Gata3 has proven to be crucial for the production of HSCs through regulation of catecholamine production from the co-developing sympathetic nervous system. Also, it was recently shown that Gata3 is expressed in the haemogenic endothelium and haematopoietic progenitor cells. Here, I will specifically examine the role of Gata3 in the production of HSCs; if it is expressed and plays a role in the precursors from which HSCs arise. Using a Gata3-GFP reporter mouse line, we found that Gata3 is expressed in various cell types in the HSCs microenvironment, including mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, haematopoietic cells and sympathetic nervous system, and this expression was stage dependant. In the endothelial cells, we have found that the haemogenic endothelium activity is enriched in Gata3 expressing cells. Within the haematopoietic cells, we have found that Gata3 marks a specific stage along the developmental pathway towards the generation of definitive haematopoietic stem cells, and that Gata3 expressing haematopoietic cells are enriched for the most immature and stem cell like progenitors. Moreover, Gata3 will be specifically knocked out in haemogenic endothelial cells to determine whether it plays an essential role in the production of HSCs from the endothelium using the Vec-Cre system. We found that Gata3 within the haemogenic endothelium plays a major role in haematopoietic progenitors formation, and possibly haematopoietic stem cell formation. Finally, we used molecular assay (RNA seq) to identify the role of Gata3 in the haematopoietic stem cell microenvironment and found that Gata3 plays a major role in the development and differentiation of various cells and systems, and implicated Gata3 as cell cycle regulator. In summary, we found that Gata3 expressing cells is enriched for haemogenic endothelium, crucial for the haematopoietic progenitors formation, plays and important role in endothelial to haematopoietic transition, and plays a key developmental role in both haematopoietic stem cell and its microenvironment.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise intertextual do romance The Solid Mandala, do escritor australiano, ganhador do prêmio Nobel, Patrick White, publicado em 1966, como parte de um esforço para estimular estudos sobre sua obra no Brasil e para investigar por que sua fortuna crítica tem passado por uma fase negativa recentemente. Primeiro, mostramos brevemente sua biografia e as condições relacionadas à produção e publicação de The Solid Mandala. Em seguida, apresentamos o contexto histórico do romance. As relações de conflito e complementação envolvendo os irmãos gêmeos Waldo e Arthur Brown na narrativa são analisadas, com destaque para a relação deles com a literatura (um tema importante no romance), retratando o papel das personagens como leitores e escritores na história, apreendendo, assim, seus sentimentos, suas visões de mundo e filosofia de vida (Waldo aspira à uma carreira de escritor e Arthur de fato compõe um poema). Os estudos de Gérard Genette sobre Narratologia são utilizados para embasar a análise, particularmente na relação intertextual entre The Solid Mandala e The Brothers Karamazov, do escritor F. Dostoyevsky, que é o título que chama a atenção de Arthur. Na busca pelo todo de sua vida, Arthur incorpora vários elementos (centrados em um único ponto, suas mandalas) e consegue criar sua própria filosofia. No final vemos que Arthur transcende sua realidade ao usar a leitura do romance russo como um instrumento. Esse estudo destaca a pertinência de revisitar a obra de Patrick White (uma vez que ela prova estar em sintonia com as questões filosóficas sendo discutidas atualmente) e coloca The Solid Mandala no contexto da literatura mundial. / This work performs an intertextual analysis of the Nobel Prize winning Australian novelist Patrick White’s The Solid Mandala, published in 1966, as part of an effort to boost studies of his novels in Brazil and to investigate why his critical fortune has been undergoing a negative phase recently. First, we briefly present his biography and the conditions surrounding the writing and publication of The Solid Mandala. Later on, we present the historical context of the novel. The relations of conflict and complementation involving the twin brothers Waldo and Arthur Brown in the narrative are analysed, but we focus on their relation to literature (which is an important theme in the novel), depicting their roles as readers and writers in the story, thus, apprehending their feelings towards each other, worldviews and outlook on life (Waldo aspires to become a great writer, and Arthur actually produces a poem). Gérard Genette’s studies on Narratology are used to support our analysis, particularly in the intertextual relation between The Solid Mandala and F. Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov, which is the title that calls Arthur’s attention. In his pursue to find the whole of his life, Arthur incorporates various elements (centred at just one point, his mandalas) and is able to create his own philosophy. At the end we see that Arthur transcends his reality by using the reading of the Russian novel as an instrument. This study enlightens the pertinence of revisiting Patrick White’s oeuvre (since it proves to be so well tuned in to the current philosophical issues being discussed), and places The Solid Mandala in the context of worldwide literature.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-03-31T14:30:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Ferreira.pdf: 1129426 bytes, checksum: a4c625ae41e530dc34b7f951981afcec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-31T14:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Ferreira.pdf: 1129426 bytes, checksum: a4c625ae41e530dc34b7f951981afcec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / The Family Health Strategy is one of the main entryways to the Unified Healthcare System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) and is aimed at developing health promotion, prevention and recovery initiatives. With this, the basic care provided at the Basic Health Units should guarantee these care-based precepts for individuals residing within a specific territory, serving as a facilitator to integrate these actions and guarantee the integrity of care, through a multiprofessional team that provides care for the individual at every phase of the lifecycle. Although the physician plays an important role on this team, one of the biggest deficiencies in basic care today is this professional, especially in remote and socially vulnerable areas. In an attempt to improve this scenario, the federal government created the "Mais Médicos" Program, which recruits Brazilian and foreign physicians to work in areas with a greater need for this professional. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the influence of the foreign medical professional within the "Mais Médicos" Program on Family Health Strategy teams at a Basic Health Unit located in the district of Cachoeirinha, in the municipality of São Paulo. This study was therefore conducted to find scientific evidence on this program, using an exploratory approach, case study, a data collection technique and a semi-structured interview with family health team members, using a planned script. Data was analyzed using the content analysis technique. The related results showed that the foreign physician in the "Mais Médicos" Program had a positive influence on the health team's work process. With this, the study provides backing for managers to assess the teamwork process, causing them to show the changes and benefits in relation to the work process. / A Estratégia Saúde da Família é uma das principais portas de entrada do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com o objetivo de atuar nas ações de promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde. Com isso, a atenção básica aplicada nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde deve garantir esses preceitos assistenciais aos indivíduos residentes em um determinado território, tornando-se um facilitador para integrar tais ações e garantir a integralidade da assistência, por meio de uma equipe multiprofissional que assiste o indivíduo em todas as fases do ciclo vital. Apesar de o médico possuir um importante papel nesta equipe, atualmente uma das maiores deficiências na atenção básica é a deste profissional, principalmente em áreas de difícil acesso e de vulnerabilidade social. Na tentativa de melhorar este cenário, foi criado, pelo Governo Federal, o Programa Mais Médicos, que recruta profissionais médicos brasileiros e estrangeiros para atuarem nas áreas com maior déficit deste profissional. O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a influência do profissional médico estrangeiro do Programa Mais Médicos na equipe de Estratégia Saúde da Família em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, localizada no bairro Cachoeirinha, município de São Paulo. Dessa forma, este estudo foi conduzido para buscar evidências científicas sobre este programa, por meio de abordagem exploratória, estudo de caso, com a técnica de coleta de dados e a entrevista semiestruturada com os integrantes das equipes de saúde da família, por meio de um roteiro prévio. A análise dos dados aconteceu pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados relacionados mostraram que o médico estrangeiro do Programa Mais Médicos influenciou positivamente o processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde. Com isso, o estudo proporciona subsídios aos gestores para avaliarem o processo de trabalho das equipes, fazendo com que evidenciem as mudanças e os benefícios em relação ao processo de trabalho.

Dans un contexte normatif toujours plus sévère concernant les rejets automobiles polluants, la substitution des aciers par des alliages d’aluminium dans les structures des véhicules est en plein essor. Ce projet de thèse, qui s’inscrit dans un programme de développement de la société Constellium, cible plus précisément les alliages d’aluminium de la série 7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg) qui, malgré leurs propriétés mécaniques élevées, peuvent présenter une sensibilité à la corrosion sous contrainte (CSC) liée au phénomène de fragilisation par l’hydrogène (FPH). La compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu dans ce type d’endommagement constitue donc une première étape vers une optimisation métallurgique en vue d’une industrialisation future de ces alliages dans le secteur automobile. La première partie de ces travaux est consacrée à l’étude de l’influence de l’état métallurgique de l’alliage 7046 sur son comportement en CSC et à l’identification des mécanismes de dégradation. Un lien direct a pu être mis en évidence entre l’abattement des propriétés mécaniques et les modes de rupture actifs et la quantité d’hydrogène dans l’alliage. Les deux modes d’endommagement observés, intergranulaire-fragile et transgranulaire-fragile, ont respectivement été attribués à un enrichissement en hydrogène aux joints de grains et au piégeage de l’hydrogène au niveau des précipités intragranulaires. Les interactions entre l’hydrogène et les précipités fins d’une part et les dislocations d’autre part, identifiés comme deux hétérogénéités microstructurales critiques vis-à-vis de la FPH, ont été étudiées à une échelle plus locale dans la seconde partie du travail de thèse. Les essais ont été réalisés sur des échantillons modèles, chargés en hydrogène en milieu H2SO4 sous polarisation cathodique et la profondeur de pénétration de l’hydrogène a été évaluée par SKPFM (Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy). L’ensemble des résultats obtenus met en évidence : 1/ un effet « barrière » des précipités fins et des dislocations sur la diffusion de l’hydrogène en relation avec un abattement des propriétés mécaniques moins important, 2/ un transport possible de l’hydrogène par les dislocations et 3/ l’efficacité du SKPFM pour déterminer précisément des coefficients de diffusion apparents de l’hydrogène. Ces résultats ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles pistes vers la compréhension des mécanismes de CSC dans les alliages Al-Zn-Mg. / Automotive industry is increasingly affected by standards requiring a major cut of polluting emissions, leading R&D policies to focus on replacing steel by aluminum alloys. This thesis project, initiated by the manufacturer Constellium, focuses on 7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg) aluminum alloys known to have high mechanical properties but also to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) partly attributed to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Understanding the mechanisms involved would be a first step towards a metallurgical optimization and a future industrialization of these alloys. The first part focuses on the SCC behavior of the 7046 aluminum alloy, related to its microstructure, and the identification of degradation mechanisms involved. A hydrogen amount – loss of mechanical properties relationship was highlighted. The damage observed was explained by the presence of hydrogen in the grain boundaries and by a trapping effect of the intragranular hardening precipitates, limiting the hydrogen diffusion to the grain boundaries. Interactions between hydrogen and hardening precipitates and dislocations, both identified as critical microstructural heterogeneities for HE, are studied at a local scale in a second part. The hydrogen effect was characterized by penetration depth measurements made by SKPFM (Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy) on “model” samples cathodically charged in H2SO4. The whole results finally highlight: 1/ a “shielding” effect of fine precipitates and dislocations on hydrogen diffusivity related to a lower susceptibility to HE, 2/ hydrogen transport by dislocations and 3/ the efficiency of SKPFM to precisely measure effective diffusion coefficients of hydrogen. These results lead to new opportunities to understand SCC mechanisms in Al-Zn-Mg alloys.

The thesis entitled Comparison of revenue and expenditure of the state budget for the self-employed and employees for the entire active and retirement period of life of individuals under conditions of 2015 deals with how, whether and under what conditions the self-employed are less taxed than their colleagues working in full-time employment with a comparable income. The model example points out the income threshold at which individual is better off being self-employed, and when it is more advantageous from the viewpoint of the state to be an independent contractor, not an employee. The models include the self-employed, who are misclassified as well as factors such as different amount of sick leave, lower pensions, lower unemployment benefits caused by lower deductions for social insurance, and other factors that are not immediately obvious but markedly influence the total amount of income and expenses to the state of the individual when working as self-employed or an employee.

Les émissions des NOₓ par l'industrie métallurgique proviennent principalement de la combustion du charbon au cours du procédé d'agglomération. Parmi les méthodes de réduction des NOₓ de ce procédé, l'ajout des additifs dans le mélange de matières premières du procédé d'agglomération a été choisi grâce à ses avantages. Ces techniques sont relativement simples à mettre en oeuvre, et ne nécessitent qu'un faible coût d'investissement. Cette thèse est une partie du projet européen INTERREG IVA CleanTech et du projet industriel d'ArcelorMittal de Dunkerque, qui portent sur les études de réductions de NOₓ par méthode d'ajout des additifs. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier le mécanisme de réduction des NOₓ par ces additifs afin d'optimiser le procédé et de choisir des nouveaux additifs. De plus, les propriétés des produits d'agglomérés sont également étudiées pour déterminer l'influence des additifs sur les qualités de produit final. Une première étude expérimentale a été consacrée à l'étude de la décomposition thermique des additifs utilisés afin de comprendre le mécanisme de diminution des NOₓ. Nous avons pu déterminer des composés-réducteurs de NOₓ et des quantités formées au cours de la pyrolyse des additifs. Cela nous permet de confirmer les produits influençant sur la réduction des NOₓ. Dans une deuxième partie, les produits d'agglomérés obtenus lors des essais dans la cuve pilote, ont été mesurés par différentes méthodes (diffraction X au laboratoire, diffraction X à haute énergie et haute résolution sur synchrotron, spectroscopie Mössbauer). Nous avons d'abord déterminé les compositions des phases cristallines contenus dans les agglomérés. Nous avons ensuite comparé les différences entre les agglomérés références (sans additifs) et les agglomérés obtenus avec différents additifs afin de déterminer les phases responsables pour la résistance mécanique. / NOₓ emission in the steel industry mainly come from the combustion of coal in the agglomeration process. Among the methods of NOₓ reduction for this process, the addition of additives to the mixture of raw materials agglomeration process is chosen due to its advantages. This technique is comparatively simple to implement, and requires only a low-cost investment. This thesis is part of European project INTERREG IVA CleanTech and industrial project ArcelorMittal Dunkerque in order to study NOₓ reductions by additives. The objectives of this thesis is to have a better comprehension in the mechanism of NOₓ reduction by additives to optimize the process with more effective additives. With that purpose, the properties of agglomerated products are also studied to determine the additives' influences on the quality of the final product. In the first part, an experimental study was devoted to sutdy the thermal decomposition of the additives to understand the mechanism of NOₓ reduction. The compounds formed during the pyrolysis of additives are identified and quantified. This allows us to confirm the products' influence on the reduction of NOₓ. In the second part, agglomerated products obtained in the pilot test are measured by different methods (X-ray diffraction laboratory, high-energy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy). To determine the compositions of crystalline phases contained in the agglomerates. We then compared the differences between the reference agglomerate (without additives) and agglomerate obtained with different additives in order to determine the phases related to the mechanical resistance.

Au XIXe siècle, l’obligation de motivation du juge, conquête lente et difficile de par son lien fort avec l’autorité de la justice, est présentée comme « une des conquêtes les plus heureuses dans l’administration de la justice ». Instaurée à l’époque révolutionnaire pour lutter contre l’arbitraire, quatre mots satisfont à l’énoncer « il doit être motivé ». Entendue comme la simple justification des mobiles du juge, elle s’appréhende selon une pure logique déductive. Or, divers chamboulements au sein de notre société révèlent les multiples facettes de ce principe. L’influence de la Cour européenne fait sortir la motivation de son carcan procédural où, la simple justification se mue en explication persuasive, pour devenir un acte fort de rhétorique. Parallèlement, la loi perd de sa sacralité. Sa complexité croissante démontre ses limites à une époque où notre société en mutation revendique une justice davantage démocratique. La motivation devient ainsi une condition de légitimité des décisions de justice et un gage de légitimation du juge. Étudiée en matière pénale, elle s’avère particulièrement propice de par son rôle particulier au sein de notre société, invitant notre justice contemporaine à considérer à l’inverse, la nature subjective, relative des émotions. Simple obligation processuelle rattachée aux droits de la défense, la demande de connaissance démontre l’émergence d’une obligation autonome qui, tiraillée entre technique rédactionnelle et outil politico-social, pousse notre réflexion sur la place de la justice pénale. Apparaissant en crise, ce principe, loin de s’amenuiser, ne s’avère être que le miroir d’une justice pénale nécessitant d’être redéfinie. / In the nineteenth century, the obligation to state reasons of the judge, slow and difficult conquest due to its strong link with the authority of justice, was presented as "one of the happiest conquests in the administration of justice". Introducing the revolutionary era to fight against the arbitrary, meet four words to state "it must be motivated." Understood as the simple proof of the judge’s mobile, she apréhende as a pure deductive logic. However, various upheavals in our society reveal the many facets of this principle. The influence of the European Court brings out the motivation of its procedural straitjacket where the simple justification turns into persuasive explanation, to become a strong act of speech. Parallèment, the law loses its sacredness. The increasing complexity seems to show its limits, at a time when our changing society claims a more democratic justice. Motivation becomes a condition of legitimacy of judicial decisions and judge the legitimacy of quality. Studied in criminal matters, it is particularly suitable because of its particular role within our society, inviting our contemporary Justice to consider on the contrary, the subjective nature on emotions. Simple procedural obligation attached to the defense of rights, the application for knowledge demonstrates the emergence of an autonomous obligation, editorial torn between technical and political-social tool, pushing our reflection on the role of criminal justice. Appearing in crisis, this principle far from dwindling, turns out to be not the mirror of criminal justice need to be redefined.

Handreichung für Lehrer der Sekundarstufe II zur Einführung in das Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten (mit Materialien). Grundlage der Handreichung ist ein interdisziplinäres Projekt, das sich mit der Rezeption des Mittelalters in der Stadt Chemnitz auseinandergesetzt hat. In diesem Rahmen sind Komplexe Lernleistungen und Besondere Lernleistungen entstanden.

No description available.

<p> Part A Abstract </p> <p> Temperature coefficients of reactivity for an 37-element reference design of a thorium oxide fuelled, heavy water moderated and cooled reactor, are calculated. The physical processes which determine magnitude and sign of the coefficients are identified and discussed. Results are given for fresh fuel containing equilibrium concentrations of the fission product Xe-135 and with boron control in the moderator. Results are. also -given for fresh fuel with the equilibrium concentration of Xe-135 but without boron contorl for fuel with an exposue of 1.513 n/k barn and for fuel with an exposure of 3.13 n/k barn; each containing appropriate concentrations of 50 separate nuclides and one-pseudo fission product. The fuel temperature coefficient of reactivity is negative for all the cases studied, while the coolant temperature coefficient of reactivity is positive for all the cases studied. The void effect is an increase in reactivity for all cases studied. </p> ////////////////////// <p> Part B Abstract </p> <p> This work has been done with the purpose of studying the validity of Bragg Kleeman rule which states that for combinations of elements, the atomic stopping cross-sections are additive. The validity of Bragg Kleeman rule for low energy He ions has not been conclusively tested for solids. In this work, the comparison with the experimental stopping power of SiC with the additive stopping powers of Si and C has been made experimentally. </p> <p> A thick target technique in the experimental evaluation of the stopping powers is used. This method has some simplicity over the thin target techniques. </p> <p> A calibration of the McMaster University Van-de Graff accelerator was done. Experiments were conducted later using the calibration curves produced. </p> <p> The report contains a brief account on different sources of errors due to the Van-de-Graff accelerator calibration and due to stopping power experiments. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)