Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_mauro_mesko.pdf: 1218358 bytes, checksum: 91782e3d1bf5a72f4bbadf7935232dc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-02 / Longevity increase is not directly related to quality of life. In Dentistry, it became in evidence by the fact that almost twenty-five percent of the population between 65 and 74 year-old presents a completely edentulous arch. As the elderly have a higher probability of being affected by chronic oral problems they tend to demand complex treatments. The aim of this survey was to: (i) evaluate the relationship between the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaires to assess the oral health quality of life in denture wearers, (ii) evaluate the associated factors to impairment in the oral health quality of life in elderly wearing removable dentures using the OHIP- EDENT and GOHAI. Evaluation of the oral health quality of life in complete denture and removable partial denture wearers was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The survey consisted of applying GOHAI and OHIP-EDENT questionnaires and a clinical examination. Questions about socioeconomic conditions were applied aiming to determine which factors have an influence in oral health related quality of life. The hypotheses tested were (1) different questionnaires would provide similar results when assessing oral health quality of life in totally or partially edentulous patients wearing prosthesis; (2) age, socioeconomic profile, type and location of the prosthesis and their stability and retention would not be associated to the oral health quality of life. The results showed that the questionnaires are different tools when both the total and adjusted values were compared. The exception was for Kennedy Class I and II removable partial dentures wearers. Mandibular complete dentures caused a higher impact in individuals quality of life, except for the removable partial denture wearers. For the patients aged 60 years old or more the questionnaires showed themselves quite different. Among the subscales, the only statistically difference was found in functional limitation and the domains food catching was the one that showed difference in the removable partial denture wearers group. Using the same questionnaires the variables age, familiar income, type of prosthesis, stability and retention of the prosthesis were evaluated. Factors associated to the 14 impact in OHRQoL were familiar income, stability and retention of the prostheses. Therefore, OHIP-EDENT and GOHAI are different tools, especially when used with individuals older than 60 years old, poor denture quality was associated to the impact in quality of life while income had influence on the results / O aumento da longevidade nem sempre está associado diretamente a uma melhora na qualidade de vida. Na Odontologia isso é evidente uma vez que quase um quarto da população entre 65 e 74 anos tem um de seus maxilares totalmente desdentados, conforme o levantamento de Saúde Bucal de 2010. Os pacientes idosos têm uma maior probabilidade de apresentarem problemas bucais crônicos e potencial demanda de tratamentos complexos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram (i) avaliar se existe correlação entre os questionários Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous (OHIP-EDENT) e Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) para medir qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em uma população de usuários de próteses removíveis; (ii) avaliar os fatores associados a incapacidades na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal em uma população de usuários de próteses removíveis utilizando o OHIP-EDENT e o GOHAI. Pacientes usuários de próteses removíveis atendidos nas Clínicas da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFPel foram avaliados seguindo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde onde foi realizado exame intrabucal. Foram aplicados os questionários GOHAI e OHIP-EDENT, além de questões sobre condições demográficas e socioeconômicas, visando determinar se algum fator influenciaria na qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. As hipóteses testadas foram as de que: (1) os questionários apontariam resultados semelhantes na mensuração da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em pacientes usuários de próteses removíveis; (2) os fatores idade, condição socioeconômica, tipo de prótese e localização da prótese, bem como sua retenção e estabilidade não estariam associados a incapacidades na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. Os resultados mostraram que o OHIP-EDENT e o GOHAI são ferramentas diferentes tanto quando se comparam os resultados brutos quanto os ajustados, exceto para as próteses parciais removíveis Classes I e II de Kennedy. As próteses totais mandibulares se mostraram causadoras de maior impacto sobre a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, porém isto não ocorreu com as 12 parciais removíveis. Para o grupo de pacientes acima dos 60 anos o OHIP-EDENT e o GOHAI mostraram resultados bastante diferentes, parecendo ser o OHIP-EDENT mais sensível. Dentre as subescalas dos dois questionários, a única que mostrou diferença estatística foi a limitação funcional, sendo o domínio que mostrou diferença a retenção alimentar nos grupos de próteses parciais removíveis. Utilizando os mesmos questionários, quando se avaliaram as variáveis idade, renda familiar, tipo de prótese e retenção e estabilidade das próteses, os fatores associados ao impacto na qualidade de vida foram: renda familiar, estabilidade e retenção. Conclui-se que o OHIP-EDENT e o GOHAI são ferramentas diferentes, principalmente para uso em pacientes acima dos 60 anos e que a qualidade da prótese está associada ao impacto na qualidade de vida, além do fator renda ter influência sobre os resultados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Marcos Britto Correa.pdf: 513868 bytes, checksum: 6b1c2a81e71b671e7afec86e13b96b8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of use and needs of dental prosthesis at age 24 and determinants of needs of dental prosthesis in this population. The study was nested in a population-based birth cohort started in 1982 in Pelotas, Brazil. A representative sample of 720 young adults was evaluated. Dental examinations and interviews were performed at 15 and 24 years old. Use and need of prosthesis was the outcome. Exploratory variables included demographic and socioeconomic (at birth, 15 and 24 years old), oral health and dental service utilization patterns (at ages 15 and 24). Prevalence of outcomes was calculated and Poisson Regression was used to determine risk factors to needs of dental prosthesis. The prevalence of use and needs of dental prosthesis was 2.08% and 29.72%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that poorest family socioeconomic trajectory [PR= 1.56 IC95% (1.08-2.26)], lower mother s educational level at children birth (p=0.023), lower family income at children birth [RP= 1.37 (1.01-1.86)], no oral hygiene instruction by the dentist [RP=1.64 IC95% (1.11-2.41)] and caries presence (high DMFT tertile) (p<0,001) were associated with prosthetic treatment needs. The results of this study support the hypothesis that socieconomic, behavioral and clinical determinants were associated to the need of dental prosthesis / O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência do uso e da necessidade de prótese dentária em uma população de adultos jovens e avaliar sua associação com a trajetória econômica das famílias, as condições de saúde bucal e de utilização de serviços odontológicos ao longo da vida do indivíduo. Em 1982, todos os nascimentos hospitalares ocorridos em Pelotas foram identificados e estes indivíduos foram acompanhados por inúmeras vezes. Em 2006, uma amostra de 720 indivíduos pertencentes a esta coorte foi visitada para realização de exame bucal e aplicação de questionário incluindo questões de uso de serviços odontológicos, hábitos e comportamentos relativos à saúde bucal. Foi calculada a prevalência dos desfechos e utilizada Regressão de Poisson para estimar os fatores de risco à necessidade de prótese. A prevalência de necessidade e uso de prótese foi de 29,7% e 2,1% respectivamente. A análise multivariável mostrou que a trajetória de pobreza sempre ao longo da vida [RP= 1,56 IC95% (1,08-2,26)], a baixa escolaridade materna ao nascer (p=0,023), a baixa renda familiar ao nascimento [RP= 1,37 (1,01-1,86)], a não recepção de instrução de higiene oral por parte do dentista aos 15 anos [RP=1,64 IC95% (1,11-2,41)] e a presença de cárie pelo CPO-D (p<0,001) foram associadas à necessidade de prótese aos 24 anos. Os resultados deste estudo suportam a hipótese que fatores socioeconômicos, comportamentais e determinantes clínicos estão associados a necessidade de prótese dentária

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luisa Jardim Correa de Oliveira.pdf: 1594740 bytes, checksum: 0935c9da334b79035287fa249997e9c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-29 / Oral mucosal lesions are conditions that occur in soft tissues of the mouth, and are expressed by several clinical aspects. The literature has reported the need of considering the functional and psychosocial dimensions in regard to the oral health for the evaluation of dental interventions, such as the oral health related quality of life impact. In this context, the oral mucosal lesions can influence people's daily life due to pain and discomfort that they can cause. The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and their impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children aged 5, from a birth cohort of Pelotas, Brazil. In 2009, a sample of 1,303 children born in Pelotas (2004 Cohort) was selected to participate in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire applied to mothers and with clinical examinations of the children in their household. Oral mucosal lesions (OML) were identified by type, site and size. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), consists of 13 questions, was used to assess caregivers perception on children OHRQoL. Descriptive analysis was performed in order to get the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables related to oral mucosal lesions. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between the presence of OML and prevalence, extent and intensity of the ECOHIS items. Poisson regression models were used to investigate the association between lesions of the oral mucosa and ECOHIS score adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of the oral mucosal lesions was 30.1% (95% CI 27.5-32.9). The site more affected was the gum (31.0%) followed by the tongue (23.9%). Ulcers (29.4%) and papule/nodule (21.9%) were the more prevalent types of lesion. The majority of OML (76.8%) had size up to 5mm. A positive association was found between the presence of OML and impact on oral heath related quality of life measured in overall ECOHIS score (p <0.001), extent (p <0.001), prevalence (p = 0.002) and intensity (p = 0.010). Through the Poisson regression was observed that, even after adjustments, children with OML showed greater oral heath related quality of life (RR 95% CI 1:38 1:11; 1.72) than children without OML. Therefore, the main conclusions of this study are: there is a high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in children 5 years old and these lesions impaired children oral health related quality of life / Lesões de mucosa bucal são condições que ocorrem nos tecidos moles da boca, e que se expressam por aspectos clínicos diversos. Tem sido apontada na literatura a necessidade de considerar as dimensões funcionais e psicossociais da saúde bucal para a avaliação de intervenções odontológicas, como o impacto na qualidade de vida relacionado à saúde bucal. Neste contexto, as lesões de mucosa bucal podem influenciar a vida diária das pessoas devido à dor e ao desconforto que podem causar. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência das lesões de mucosa bucal e seu impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em crianças de 5 anos de idade pertencentes a uma coorte de nascimentos. Em 2009, uma amostra de 1.303 crianças nascidas em Pelotas e pertencentes à Coorte de 2004 foi selecionada para participar do estudo. Foi realizada a aplicação de um questionário e exames odontológicos no domicílio das crianças. As lesões foram identificadas no exame bucal segundo o tipo de lesão fundamental, localização e tamanho. O impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal foi investigado através do instrumento Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale ECOHIS, respondido pelos responsáveis pela criança, e composto por 13 itens. Os dados obtidos foram analisados utilizando o software STATA 11.0. Análise descritiva foi realizada a fim de obterem-se as frequências relativas e absolutas das variáveis relativas às lesões de mucosa bucal. Análise bivariada foi realizada para verificar associação entre presença de lesões de mucosa bucal e prevalência, extensão e intensidade de respostas do ECOHIS. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados pra verificar a associação entre lesões de mucosa bucal e o escore do ECOHIS ajustando por fatores de confusão. A prevalência das lesões de mucosa bucal foi de 30.1% (IC 95% 27.5-32.9). O sítio mais acometido foi a gengiva (31.0%), seguido da língua (23.9%). Os tipos de lesões fundamentais mais prevalentes foram as úlceras (29,4%) e as pápulas/nódulos (21,9%). A maioria das lesões (76.8%) tinha tamanho de até 5mm. Foi encontrada associação entre a presença de lesões de mucosa bucal e impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, medido em escore total médio do ECOHIS (p<0,001); extensão (p<0,001); prevalência (p=0,002) e intensidade (p=0,010). Através da regressão de Poisson foi observado que, mesmo após ajustes, crianças com lesão de mucosa bucal apresentaram maior impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (RR 1.38 95% CI 1.11; 1.72) do que crianças sem lesão de mucosa bucal. Assim, as principais conclusões dessa dissertação são: a prevalência de lesões de mucosa bucal em crianças de 5 anos de idade é alta e estas lesões causam um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal.

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Orientador: Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T12:22:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borim_FlaviaSilvaArbex_D.pdf: 3506256 bytes, checksum: c7999f1cfa22c13aacc1d2225ca52859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A autoavaliação da saúde é um construto multidimensional e tem sido amplamente utilizada como importante indicador de bem-estar individual e coletivo. Estudos mostram uma associação das variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas com essa medida. Estes fatores influenciam o estabelecimento de diferentes estilos de vida, que contribuem para a ocorrência ou prevenção de problemas de saúde. Os estudos longitudinais têm apontado a autoavaliação de saúde como robusto preditor de morbidade, incapacidade, depressão e mortalidade. A avaliação subjetiva do estado de saúde inclui a dimensão mental, que para o idoso é imprescindível para a realização das atividades funcionais. Este estudo tem como objetivos: analisar a prevalência da saúde autoavaliada como excelente ou muito boa segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de comportamentos relacionados à saúde, em idosos; analisar a prevalência do transtorno mental comum (TMC), medido pelo Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), os fatores associados a este transtorno; e avaliar a relação da autoavaliação de saúde negativa com indicadores de saúde física e mental, com variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, e com bem estar subjetivo, nos indivíduos com 60 anos e mais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, que utilizou dados de inquérito domiciliar de saúde realizado em Campinas, SP, Brasil, em 2008, com amostra por conglomerados em dois estágios. A análise dos dados levou em conta as ponderações relativas ao desenho amostral e foi feita com o uso do software STATA versão 11.0. Foram testadas as associações das diversas variáveis com a autoavaliação da saúde e o TMC. Também foram analisadas as estimativas de prevalências e calculadas as razões de prevalências ajustadas. Os resultados revelaram associação de autoavaliação de saúde com religião, escolaridade, renda, número de moradores no domicílio, possuir computador, consumo de bebida alcoólica, atividade física, consumo de frutas e verduras e índice de massa corpórea. Também foi encontrado associação com os indicadores de saúde física, saúde mental e com sentimento de felicidade. Em relação ao TMC houve uma associação com sexo, idade, renda, ocupação, atividade física, consumo de bebida alcoólica, autoavaliação de saúde e morbidades. Estes resultados apontam para desdobramentos no âmbito das ações em saúde coletiva, tais como: a) investir na autonomia e na vida saudável dos idosos; b) prover atenção adequada às necessidades com ênfase nos hábitos de vida saudáveis; c) enfatizar o trabalho na velhice, que representa uma autonomia e inserção do indivíduo; d) investir na promoção da saúde com controle adequado das doenças crônicas e da saúde mental, com atenção para o quadro depressivo na terceira idade; e) desenvolver programas de saúde e de bem-estar social voltados para os segmentos socioeconômicos menos favorecidos e identificar recursos individuais-psicológicos capazes de atuar como fatores de apoio na velhice / Abstract: The self-rated health is a multidimensional construct and has been widely used as an important indicator of individual and collective welfare. Studies show an association of socioeconomic and demographic variables with that measure. These factors influence the establishment of different lifestyles that contribute to the occurrence or prevention of health problems. Longitudinal studies have pointed to the self-rated health as a robust predictor of morbidity, disability, depression and mortality. The subjective assessment of health includes mental dimension, which for older people is essential to the achievement of functional activities. This study aims: to analyze the prevalence of self-rated health as excellent or very good according to demographic, socioeconomic and health-related behaviors variables in elderly; to analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD), as measered by Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), the factors associated with this disorder; and to evaluate the association of self-rated health as negative with indicators of mental and physical health, socioeconomic and demographic variables, and subjective well-being in individuals 60 and over aged. This is a cross-sectional study, population-based, which used data from a home survey carried out in Campinas, SP, Brazil, in 2008, with two-stage conglomerate sampling. Data analysis considered the weights related to the sampling design and was performed using STATA software version 11.0. Associations of several variables were tested with self-rated health and CMD. Furthermore prevalence estimates and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated. The results revealed association of self-rated health to religion, education, income, number of household members, owning computer, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables and body mass index. It was also found association with indicators of physical health, mental health and feeling of happiness. Regarding the CMD was association with gender, age, income, occupation, physical activity, alcohol consumption, self-rated of health and morbidities. These results point to developments in the context of actions in public health, such as: a) emphasizing the autonomy and healthy life of the elderly; b) provide adequate attention to the needs with an emphasis on healthy lifestyles; c) emphasizes working in old age, which represents an individual's autonomy and integration; d) Investing in health promotion with adequate control of chronic diseases and mental health, with attention to depressive symptoms in elderly; e) develop health programs and social welfare for lowest socioeconomic sectors and identifies individual - psychological resources capable of acting as supporting factors in old age / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

An attempt is made to determine whether marital interaction is related to the health and well-being of husbands and wives and, if such a relationship exists, to explore the nature of the relationship. The dimensions of marital interaction of interest include cohesion, companionship, cooperation, and consensus. Cohesion is manifest in the feelings a couple has about their relationship. Companionship and cooperation are seen in a couple's joint activities. A shared outlook on life represents consensus.

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a curriculum guide to be made available to junior high schools in the state of Arkansas. A study of the amount of health knowledge possessed by eighth grade students in Arkansas was made to assist the investigator in the construction of the curriculum guide. The objective of the study was to determine the quality of the health education possessed by the eight grade students in Arkansas, in terms of teacher qualifications and number of hours heath education is taught per year, and compare it with students across the nation to build a suggested curriculum guide in health education. The following conclusions were reached: 1) Arkansas eight grade students are one school year behind national norms, relative through the AAHPER Cooperative Health Test results. 2) Female students scored higher than male students. 3) There is little variance between the different sizes of schools and the knowledge possessed by students in the several content areas on the AAHPER Cooperative Health Test. 5) The instruction of health education varied greatly in quality among Arkansas schools in the study. 6) Instructors teaching health education to eighth grade students in Arkansas were usually teachers not prepared to teach health education.The culminating activity of this investigation was the development of a curriculum guide from the data in the study of Arkansas students. The most widely accepted model in health education was chosen, the School Health Education Study Model. The nature of the model is such that new findings in health education do not invalidate the model.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to describe changes in bladder health, defined as "a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being related to bladder function that permits daily activities, adapts to short-term stressors, and allows optimal well-being," in women over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data on 15 lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and interference from urinary experiences assessed at the baseline and 5-year followup interviews of the BACH (Boston Area Community Health) Survey to estimate changes in bladder health over time in women. Associations between baseline and followup bladder health (defined as the maximum frequency of LUTS or interference at each time point) were calculated by ordinal logistic regression and generalized linear models. RESULTS: A total of 2,526 women provided complete information on bladder health at baseline and followup. Over the 5-year followup, 6.5% of women maintained optimal bladder health (no LUTS or interference), 33.6% developed worse bladder health (including 10.4% who transitioned from optimal to less than optimal health), 31.4% maintained their less than optimal bladder health status and 28.7% improved. Despite these changes, women with poorer bladder health at baseline were still more likely to have poorer bladder health 5 years later (eg multivariable-adjusted relative risk=3.27, 95% confidence interval: 2.49-4.29 for severe LUTS/interference at followup among those with severe LUTS/interference at baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from our large secondary analysis of BACH Survey data suggest considerable variability in bladder health over time, and underscore the importance of bladder health promotion to prevent the initial onset and progression of poor bladder health in women.

No / To explain inconsistent results in previous attempts to determine whether, when presented with health risk information, people focus primarily on information about their own risk status or on a comparison with others. DESIGN: A randomized between-groups experiment in which participants were presented with hypothetical cardiac risk information. We examined whether affective responses were primarily sensitive to the relative difference between personal and comparison risk, rather than the absolute difference. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' negative affective response to the risk information. RESULTS: When relative differences were held constant, participants' responses were independently influenced by both personal risk and comparative standing, effects that were greatly attenuated when absolute differences were held constant. When maintaining constant absolute differences, personal and comparison risk information appeared to interact. CONCLUSION: Previous studies tended to maintain constant absolute risk differences and so may have underestimated the impact of personal risk information. Participants' responses were sensitive to the way the risk difference was constructed. Basing experimental design decisions on assumptions about the information participants will respond to can lead to misinterpretations of the basis of risk judgments.

Lok, Yuet Wan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-176). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract and appendix also in Chinese.