Depuis sa démocratisation au cours de la seconde moitié du XXème, le tourisme n’a cessé de se développer en recouvrant la quasi-majorité des pays du monde. Il est ainsi devenu une industrie économique majeure et une activité sociale prospère à la portée du plus grand nombre. Tantôt perçu comme une activité bénéfique pour les pays récepteurs, tantôt considéré comme un danger potentiel pour la population hôte, le tourisme ne se présente jamais comme un phénomène anodin. Il transforme en effet, les sociétés d’accueil de manière tant positive que négative, en occasionnant de multiples échanges interculturels entre les touristes et les habitants locaux. Cela provoque parfois un choc culturel, pour la population hôte, engendrant des phénomènes d’acculturation, ou inversement, une prise de conscience de ses caractéristiques identitaires.En quoi le tourisme et les relations interculturelles qu’il induit, peuvent-ils atténuer et/ou renforcer l’identité culturelle ? Cette problématique structure notre thèse de doctorat, et l’étude que nous avons menée au sein de la médina de Fès. Cette dernière, cité millénaire, classée au patrimoine mondial de l‘UNESCO depuis 1981, représente un espace traditionnel et authentique confronté à des impératifs de sauvegarde et de valorisation du bâti autant que des modes de vie et de travail séculaires. Nous avons effectué une enquête qualitative combinant l’usage de deux outils méthodologiques de recueil de données : observations directes et entretiens semi-directifs. Cette recherche nous a permis d’étudier l’impact du tourisme sur l’identité culturelle fassie en tenant compte des paramètres liés au patrimoine. / Since its democratization in the second half of the 20th century, tourism is a sector that keeps evolving in the majority of countries in the world. Tourism has become a major economical industry and a prosperous social activity for almost everybody. Sometimes perceived as a beneficial activity for receptors countries, sometimes considered as a potential danger for host population, tourism is never shown as trivial phenomena. Indeed, it transforms host companies positively but also negatively, creating multiple intercultural exchanges between tourists and local inhabitants. In fact, this causes sometimes a cultural shock for the host population resulting in acculturation phenomena or in the contrary, to a certain awareness of its identifying characteristics. How tourism and the intercultural relations it induces can mitigate and / or strengthen the cultural identity? This thesis statement is the basis of our doctoral thesis and the representation of the study that we conducted in the medina of Fez. As a matter of fact, Fez ancient city and a World Heritage classified by UNESCO since 1981, is a traditional and authentic space facing conservation needs, enhancement of built as well as lifestyles and secular work. We conducted a qualitative study combining the use of two methodological tools for data collection: direct observation and semi-structured interviews. This research has allowed us to study the impact of tourism on the cultural identity in Fez taking into account the parameters derived from heritage

No description available.

This paper examines how and to what extent the District Six Museum has contributed the current redevelopment of the District Six site. Since its inception, the Museum has challenged accepted definitions of heritage and has transcended common museological practices through its initiative as an institution to go beyond nurturing the memory of one of the most iconic sites of forced removal in South Africa, but to also contribute to the site’s redevelopment. The Museum grew out of an organisation that was dedicated to protecting the empty wasteland that the District had become since it was announced a ‘white area’ by the apartheid government and bulldozed. The same group of people became passionate not only about protecting the site, and conducting “memory work” surrounding it but eventually contributing to a process of restitution and rebuilding the homes and lives of those whose houses where destroyed and communities were fragmented. This paper considers such an initiative, which began in a pre-democratic environment where the concept of heritage was ill-defined and cultural institutions often served apartheid agendas. This consideration will involve an examination of the way in which the District Six Museum developed; the Museum’s role and how this role has evolved and the District Six that has been re-imagined through the Museum and how this “idea” is contributing to re-development.

1 Abstract At the beginning of my work, I explained and defined a term and function of inheritance (in Czech: dědictví); in this respect I would like to highlight a general understanding of the inheritance under the Civil Code of 1811. Under this Civil Code, the inheritance was understood as an exclusive right to take possession of whole probate estate (in Czech: pozůstalost) or its part determined in its relation to the whole part. Inheritance law was right in rem, which took effect against to everyone who wanted to usurp the probate estate (to disturb the heirs (in Czech: dědic) in exercising or execution of the particular right). A general interpretation and introduction to the inheritance rights under the current legislation is also described in the above-mentioned part of my work. Further, this part of my work contains a brief description of the principles on which the inheritance law is created. These principles were already defined by Emanuel Tilsch. In general, the inheritance law is a summary of all legal rules which govern the transfer of rights and obligations of the death (in Czech: zemřelý) to his/her legal successor (the inheritance law in the objective meaning). Usually, the inheritance law is connected with the death of an individual (when the death is proved by the death certificate or a...

Antes de possuir legislação específica de proteção do patrimônio cultural, a cidade de Santos sofreu perdas consideráveis em relação a sua memória edificada, decorrentes da modernização e ampliação de seu porto, impulsionadas pela economia de exportação. No sentido de se contrapor a essas perdas, surgiram a partir dos anos 1970 diversas manifestações e debates favoráveis à preservação em Santos. Desta maneira, foram feitos diversos pedidos de tombamentos aos órgãos oficiais de preservação e no final dos anos 1980 teve início o processo de implantação de políticas de preservação no Município, com a criação do Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Cultural de Santos (CONDEPASA). Assim, os objetivos desta pesquisa são contextualizar o papel desempenhado pelos órgãos de preservação, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico (CONDEPHAAT) e CONDEPASA, além de apresentar e analisar os Programas de Municipais de Preservação que contribuíram para a revitalização do centro histórico. Para melhor compreensão deste processo serão também analisadas quatro obras de restauração: Casarão Branco da Praia, Outeiro de Santa Catarina, Teatro Guarany e Casarões do Valongo. / Before it has specific legislation for the protection of cultural heritage, the city of Santos suffered considerable losses in relation to its built memory, with the modernization and expansion of its port, driven by the export economy. In opposing to these losses, several manifestations and debates emerged from the 1970s in favor of preservation in Santos. In this way, several requests for registration were made to the official preservation agencies and in the late 1980s the process of implementing preservation policies in the Municipality began, with the creation of the Council for the Defense of the Cultural Heritage of Santos (CONDEPASA). Thus, the objectives of this research are to contextualize the role played by the preservation organs, the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), the Council for the Defense of Historic, Artistic, Archaeological and Tourist Heritage (CONDEPHAAT) and CONDEPASA, besides presenting and analyzing The Municipal Preservation Programs that contributed to the revitalization of the historic center. To better understand this process, four restoration works will also be analyzed: Casarão Branco da Praia, Outeiro de Santa Catarina, Guarany Theater and Casarões do Valongo.

Este trabalho possui o objetivo de analisar as mudanças ocorridas ao longo do tempo na paisagem da porção oriental da cidade de São Paulo margeada pelo rio Tietê, resultante das diferentes formas de ocupação do território. O entendimento aqui expresso é o de que os signos de memórias mapeados nesse espaço funcionam como testemunhos das histórias e das transformações humanas no ambiente. Para isso é fundamental o entendimento de três conceitos: paisagem, memória e patrimônio, assim como as relações entre esses. Esses elementos são importantes, pois possibilitam entender e explicar as transformações ocorridas e as marcas desse processo. / The objective of this work is analyse the changes over the time in the landscape of the eastern portion of the city of São Paulo bordered by the Tietê River. This landscape is resulting from different forms of land use. The understanding expressed here is that the signs of memory mapped in this space, function as testimonies of stories and human transformations in the environment. So it is vital to understand three concepts: landscape, memory and heritage; as well as the relationships between these. These elements are important as they have in order to capture the transformations that have occurred and the remnants of this process.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir, tanto conceitualmente quanto pragmaticamente, as relações entre as três vertentes da Arqueologia: a acadêmica, a contratual e a patrimonial. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo analisaremos os diferentes significados de \"Gestão do Patrimônio Cultural Arqueológico\"; no segundo, utilizaremos o conceito de \"campo científico\" de Pierre Bourdieu na Arqueologia e discutiremos as relações entre os diferentes agentes que compõem tal campo; no terceiro capítulo, refletiremos sobre as consequências práticas da legislação sobre a produção arqueológica; e no quatro capítulo faremos uma análise jurídica da legislação referente à arqueologia. / The purpose of this work is to discuss, both conceptually and pragmatically, the relationships among the three perspectives of Archaeology: academic archaeology, contract archaeology and heritage. In order to do so, in the first chapter we will discuss the different meanings of the phrase \"Archaeological Cultural Heritage Management\"; in the second chapter, we will use the \"scientific field\" concept of Pierre Bourdieu and apply it to Archaeology, aiming at discerning the relationships between its different agents; in the third chapter, we shall reflect upon the practical consequences of legislation over the archaeological production; and in the fourth chapter we will analyze the legislation pertaining to archaeology.

Guaxupé é uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais que teve seu inicio na primeira metade do século XlX e seu apogeu no inicio do século XX com a chegada da ferrovia. Antes da cultura do café, a cidade, assim como todos os núcleos urbanos recém instalados, era muito pobre e seu casario feito com a técnica tradicional do período colonial, a taipa, onde se utilizavam os materiais e conhecimentos disponíveis na região. Com o transporte ferroviário, este quadro se altera totalmente. A produção de café tem maior facilidade de chegar ao porto de Santos e também, através da ferrovia, receber material importado da Europa para ser utilizado nas novas residências que passavam por uma nova roupagem, ou seja, adaptaram-se ao novo estilo, o ecletismo. Dando sustentação a esta revolução, estão os imigrantes, principalmente italianos, que traziam as novidades do velho continente e colocavam a cidade dentro da modernidade da época. Muito das construções deste período, inicio do século XX, ainda resistem ao tempo e ao desenvolvimento do século XXl e estão sob o olhar atento de pessoas que lutam pela sua preservação, como aquelas envolvidas nas ações do Conselho do Patrimônio Histórico de Guaxupé. A intenção deste trabalho é apresentar estas ações como forma de contribuir para a discussão em torno do tema da preservação no País. / Guaxupé is a city in the countryside of the state of Minas Gerais. It had its beginning in the first half of the 19th Century, and achieved its climax in the early part of the 20th Century with the arrival of the train tracks. Before the advent of coffee crop agriculture, the city, as well as all other urban nuclei established in the region, was very poor, and its architecture reflected only a traditional technique of the Brazilian colonial period named taipa, where only knowledge and materials available in the local region were used. With the train tracks, this scenario changed completely. Not only could the coffee crop production more easily reach the port of Santos to be exported, but also foreign construction material from Europe could be imported into the region through the cargo trains. This imported material could now be used in new residences, and also in old ones which then assumed a new dressing, adapting therefore to a new style named ecletismo. Supporting this revolution were the immigrants, primarily Italians, who would bring novelties from the Old World, setting the city within the then modern thought of that era. Many of the buildings from that period (beginning of the 20th Century) still stand today, resisting time and development pressures of the 21st Century, and survive under close scrutiny of people concerned with their preservation. Some of these people are involved in the actions of the local Historical Estate Council of Guaxupé. This thesis aims at presenting such actions as a form of contribution to the national discussion on the theme of Building Preservation.

Esta dissertação de Mestrado discorre sobre a Industrialização de Sorocaba (SP), tendo como caso de estudo as primeiras grandes indústrias têxteis da cidade fundadas entre os anos de 1881 e 1913. Trata-se das indústrias: Fábrica Nossa Senhora da Ponte, Fábrica Santa Rosália, Fábrica Santa Maria, Alvejaria, Tinturaria e Estamparia São Paulo e Fábrica Santo Antônio. Inserido dentro da temática do patrimônio industrial, procuramos dialogar sobre os porquês de esses exemplares serem dignos de preservação, analisando o que foi feito pelo poder público e pela sociedade civil em prol deste objetivo, expondo diversas incongruências na maneira como se sucedeu essa preservação. Apoiada em uma rica documentação fotográfica, buscamos apresentar um levantamento histórico das cinco fábricas salientando as inter-relações existentes entre elas, desde a fundação, até os dias atuais. Além disso, também utilizamos de documentos relacionados aos processos de tombamento, juntamente com uma extensa pesquisa em jornais de época, entrevistas com ex-funcionários e antigos proprietários, e também visitas de campo, permitindo assim um quadro abrangente dos objetos de estudo. Por fim, salientamos não termos colhido respostas definitivas às questões pesquisadas, mas indagações para futuras novas pesquisas que possam trazer esperança de que seja possível modificar a postura para com esses bens, tanto da parte dos órgãos públicos de preservação, quanto da sociedade sorocabana em geral, assegurando assim que as futuras gerações tenham acesso ao enorme conhecimento que estes bens, verdadeiros documentos históricos, são detentores. / This master\'s degree dissertation discourses about the industrialization of Sorocaba (SP), having as a case study the early big textile industries of the town, founded between the years of 1881 and 1913. These are the following: Fábrica Nossa Senhora da Ponte, Fábrica Santa Rosália, Fábrica Santa Maria, Alvejaria, Tinturaria e Estamparia São Paulo e Fábrica Santo Antônio. Inserted in the set of themes of industrial heritage, we have sought to talk about the reasons for these specimens to be worth of preservation, by analyzing what was done by the Public Law and by the civil society in favor of this objective and by exposing several incongruences in the way how this preservation took place. Based on a rich photographic documentation, we sought to present a historical survey of the five factories, pointing out the interrelations existing among them, from the foundation until the present days. Apart from that, we also made use of documents related to the processes of governmental trust, along with an extensive research in seasonable newspapers, interviews with former employees and old owners, and likewise visitations to sites, thus allowing a comprehensive picture of the objects of study. In the end, we emphasized not having collected definite answers to the researched questions, but inquiries for future new researches that might bring hope that modifying the attitude towards these movables might be possible, both from the preservation public agencies\' side and from the Sorocabana society\'s in general, thus assuring that the forthcoming generations may have access to the massive knowledge of which those movables, veritable historical documents, are detainers.

Esta tese de doutoramento tem como objetivo a discussão do uso do conceito de autenticidade na preservação do patrimônio edificado. Ao se observar o caráter eurocêntrico e o sentido tradicional, a ideia de autenticidade foi relativizada em razão de sua dimensão cultural, na atualidade. Um relativismo, no entanto, que poderia significar risco para a preservação da materialidade dos artefato s, tendo em vista o debate contemporâneo acerca do sentido imaterial da autenticidade. Ao supor que a autenticidade não pode ser reduzida ao substrato material do patrimônio, apesar de sua importância para a preservação de seus atributos, foram definidos dois estudos de caso, com vistas a elucidar a questão: os paradigmas de Ouro Preto e Brasília, ambos reconhecidos como patrimônio da humanidade. O primeiro, por enquadrar-se no sentido tradicional de autenticidade; o segundo, por envolver aspectos próprios da cultura material e imaterial. / This doctoral thesis affirms the necessity to discuss the usage of the existing concept of authenticity in the built heritage preservation. By considering its Eurocentric character and traditional meaning, the idea of being authentic is presently utmost important due to the cultural dimension of this concept and its relativism. A relativism that could be risky to the artifacts materiality preservation, since the immaterial value of authenticity is becoming part of the contemporary debate. Supposing the authenticity can\'t be reduced to the material substrate of cultural heritage, despite of its importance to preserve the artifact\'s attributes, two study cases were selected to discuss and further examine the posed question: the paradigms of Ouro Preto and Brasilia, both sites nominated as World Heritage. The first one because it refers to the traditional meaning of authenticity, and the second in view of the fact that it involves the material and immaterial dimensions of the concept.