Community Wireless Networks (CWNs) are a fairly new phenomenon. One of the first projects, NYC Wireless, started in 2001. These wireless initiatives are often a response to the lack of high-speed ubiquitous computing. Many of the first users, frustrated neighborhood “techies,” jerry rigged low cost WiFi antennas to rooftops and the side of buildings in order to access a high-speed broadband service. By doing this the wireless pioneers shared high speed wireless signals with neighbors and anyone within reach of their signal. As wireless computing became more popular, and it’s social and economic benefits more obvious, CWNs became an attractive alternative for many rural and low-income urban communities. Populations that had been overlooked by large cable and telephone service companies. The success of CWNs has paved the way for municipalities to build publicly supported wireless projects. Cable and telephone companies, major providers of broadband service, view municipal networks as unfair competition, and thus began the legislative battle over municipal wireless networks. The battle continues to wage. Cable and telephone companies have had some success at the state level and the federal debate is underway at this moment. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to understand the role Austin’s nonprofits play to ensure that high speed broadband access is made available for everyone and how lessons learned in Austin can be applied to other cities and locations around the country. The study found that Austin, compared to other cities of the same size, has a very small nonprofit community to addresses the issue of universal broadband access. Although the group is small, networking and mingling between community service organizations, the city government and wireless projects has created a community that effectively addresses the issue of high-speed access to the Internet. / text

Secure information exchanges over cyberspace is on the increase due to the convergence of wireless and mobile access technologies in all businesses. Accordingly, with the proliferation of diverse multicast group service subscriptions that are possible to co-exist within a single broadband network, there is also huge demand by the mobile subscribers to ubiquitously access these services over high speed broadband using their portable devices. Likewise, the Network Providers (NPs) invest hugely in infrastructure deployment to disseminate these services efficiently and concomitantly. Therefore, cyber security in any business is obligatory to restrict access of disseminated services to only authorised personnel. This becomes a vital requirement for a successful commercialisation of exchanged group services. The standard way to achieve cyber security in a wireless mobile multicast communication environment is through confidentiality using Group Key Management (GKM).The existing GKM schemes for secure wireless multicast from literature only target single group service confidentiality; however, the adoption of multiple group service confidentiality in them involve inefficient management of keys that induce huge performance overheads unbearable for real time computing. Therefore, a novel authenticated GKM scheme for multiple multicast group subscriptions known as slot based multiple group key management (SMGKM) is proposed. In the SMGKM, the handovers move across diverse decentralised clusters of homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless access network technologies while participating in multiple group service subscriptions. Unlike the conventional art, the SMGKM advances its security by integrating location based authentication and GKM functions. Both functions are securely offloaded from the Domain Key Distributor (DKD) to the intermediate cluster controllers, Area Key Distributors (AKDs), in a distributed fashion, using the proposed location based authenticated membership list (SKDL). A significant upgrade of fast handoff performance with reduced performance overheads of the SMGKM scheme is achieved. The developed numerical analysis and the simulation results display significant resource economy in terms of reduced rekeying transmission, communication bandwidth and storage overheads while providing enhanced security. The performance of the SMGKM in a high speed environment is also evaluated and has demonstrated that SMGKM outperforms the previous work. Finally, the SMGKM correctness against various attacks is verified using BAN logic, the eminent tool for analysing the widely deployed security protocols. The security analysis demonstrates that SMGKM can counteract the security flaws and redundancies identified in the chosen related art.

För att uppnå ett långsiktigt hållbart samhälle krävs ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbar utveckling. Ett sätt att uppnå hållbarhet är genom digitalisering, men detta förutsätter att det finns robust och framtidssäker infrastruktur. Detta examensarbete syftar till att bidra med ökad kunskap om de möjligheter som kan skapas med hjälp av höghastighetsbredband genom fiber, samt att påvisa hur fiberutbyggnaden kan bidra till en hållbar utveckling. Genom att besvara de tre frågeställningarna ”Vilka möjligheter skapar höghastighetsbredband genom fiber?”, ”Vilka utmaningar finns för fiberutbyggnaden?” och ”Hur ska Sveriges kommuner arbeta för att underlätta fiberutbyggnaden och bidra till ett hållbart samhällsbyggande?” är målet att utreda olika lösningar för att uppnå hållbar samhällsplanering och samhällsbyggande genom digitalisering. De metoder som har valts för att framställa denna rapport är litteraturstudier, intervjuer, mailkontakt och möten med ett antal olika personer med olika positioner och roller inom offentlig sektor. Största delen av rapportens innehåll baseras på litteraturstudier från Sverige. Andra metoder som har tillämpats kompletterar litteraturstudien. Resultaten visade att höghastighetsbredband skapar nya möjligheter och bättre förutsättningar för vård och omsorg, utbildning, ökad tillväxt, minskad klimatpåverkan samt ekonomiska besparingar för privatpersoner och näringsverksamhet. Av resultaten framkom även att det finns ett antal faktorer som kan hindra utvecklingen av en effektiv utbyggnad av höghastighetsbredband. En utmaning är att skapa gemensam och enhetlig tillståndsprocess för marktillträde i Sveriges olika kommuner med olika geografiska skillnader och olika förutsättningar. En annan utmaning är att det saknas tillräcklig samverkan och samordning mellan olika offentliga myndigheter. Ökad samordning mellan olika interna funktioner, samt i vilken grad offentliga myndigheter samplanerar infrastrukturarbeten är viktiga delar för att lösa dessa utmaningar. Vidare är implementering av digitala system för hantering av kommunala tillståndsprocesser en effektiv lösning för att främja en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att dagens och framtidens samhälle är beroende av välfungerande IT-infrastruktur. Det finns många hinder och utmaningar på vägen som måste lösas innan en hållbar samhällsutveckling kan uppnås. Med rätt planering, strategiskt arbete och helhetstänk kan dessa utmaningar omvandlas till helt nya möjligheter. / In order to achieve a long-term sustainable society, it requires ecological, economic and socially sustainable development. One way of achieving sustainability is through digitization, but this requires robust and future-proof infrastructure. This thesis aims to contribute to increased knowledge about the possibilities that can be created by using high-speed broadband through the fiber, as well as demonstrating how the development of fiber can contribute to sustainable development. By answering the three research questions "What opportunities create high-speed bandwidth through fiber?", "What challenges are there for fiber expansion?" and "How will Sweden's municipalities work to facilitate the fiber expansion and contribute to sustainable community building?" the goal is to investigate different solutions for achieving sustainable social planning and community building through digitization. The methods chosen to meet the objectives are literature studies, interviews, mail contacts and meetings with a number of different people with different positions and roles in the public sector. The majority of this report's content is based on literature studies from Sweden. Other methods that have been applied complement the literature study. The results showed that high-speed broadband creates new opportunities and better conditions for care and education, increased growth, reduced climate impact and economic savings for individuals and business. The results also revealed that there are a number of factors that could hinder the development of an efficient expansion of high-speed broadband. One challenge is to create a common and unified permission process for land access in Sweden's different municipalities, with different geographic differences and different conditions. Another challenge is that there are insufficient cooperation and coordination between different public authorities. By increasing coordination between various internal functions, as well as the extent to which public authorities jointly plan the infrastructure work is key components in addressing these challenges. Furthermore, implementation of digital systems for managing municipal permission processes is an effective solution for promoting sustainable social development. The conclusion of this thesis is that today's and tomorrow's society is dependent on well-functioning IT-infrastructure. There are many obstacles and challenges that must be solved before sustainable development can be achieved. With proper planning, strategic work, and a holistic thinking these challenges can be transformed into new possibilities.

This study was conducted at the Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, focusing on Swedish high-speed broadband development. In 2015, the Swedish government introduced a new broadband strategy aimed at adapting the infrastructure to the digital era and achieving its vision of a fully connected Sweden. However, disparities exist between urban and rural areas regarding broadband coverage, speeds, and conditions for high-speed broadband infrastructure development. The Swedish national broadband plan terminates in 2025 and is about to be updated, presenting the opportunity to improve the strategy. Using grounded theory as a methodology, regional broadband coordinators were interviewed, aiming to identify weaknesses and strengths of the current national broadband strategy in Sweden from their point of view, to propose potential improvements to be incorporated into the subsequent plan.

Secure information exchanges over cyberspace is on the increase due to the convergence of wireless and mobile access technologies in all businesses. Accordingly, with the proliferation of diverse multicast group service subscriptions that are possible to co-exist within a single broadband network, there is also huge demand by the mobile subscribers to ubiquitously access these services over high speed broadband using their portable devices. Likewise, the Network Providers (NPs) invest hugely in infrastructure deployment to disseminate these services efficiently and concomitantly. Therefore, cyber security in any business is obligatory to restrict access of disseminated services to only authorised personnel. This becomes a vital requirement for a successful commercialisation of exchanged group services. The standard way to achieve cyber security in a wireless mobile multicast communication environment is through confidentiality using Group Key Management (GKM).The existing GKM schemes for secure wireless multicast from literature only target single group service confidentiality; however, the adoption of multiple group service confidentiality in them involve inefficient management of keys that induce huge performance overheads unbearable for real time computing. Therefore, a novel authenticated GKM scheme for multiple multicast group subscriptions known as slot based multiple group key management (SMGKM) is proposed. In the SMGKM, the handovers move across diverse decentralised clusters of homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless access network technologies while participating in multiple group service subscriptions. Unlike the conventional art, the SMGKM advances its security by integrating location based authentication and GKM functions. Both functions are securely offloaded from the Domain Key Distributor (DKD) to the intermediate cluster controllers, Area Key Distributors (AKDs), in a distributed fashion, using the proposed location based authenticated membership list (SKDL). A significant upgrade of fast handoff performance with reduced performance overheads of the SMGKM scheme is achieved. The developed numerical analysis and the simulation results display significant resource economy in terms of reduced rekeying transmission, communication bandwidth and storage overheads while providing enhanced security. The performance of the SMGKM in a high speed environment is also evaluated and has demonstrated that SMGKM outperforms the previous work. Finally, the SMGKM correctness against various attacks is verified using BAN logic, the eminent tool for analysing the widely deployed security protocols. The security analysis demonstrates that SMGKM can counteract the security flaws and redundancies identified in the chosen related art.