O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e comparar as peças Death of a Salesman [Morte dum caixeiro viajante] (1949), do dramaturgo americano Arthur Miller (1915-2005), e Rasga Coração (1974), do dramaturgo brasileiro Oduvaldo Vianna Filho (Vianinha) (1936-1974), especialmente em relação aos elementos épicos presentes nelas. Ambas as obras possuem uma estrutura formal que apresenta passado e presente simultaneamente no palco. Uma vez que uma peça dramática pressupõe sempre o tempo presente exposto cenicamente, o fato de o passado ser parte estrutural de Death of a Salesman e Rasga Coração já o transforma num primeiro importante traço épico das duas obras. A partir daí, vários outros elementos épicos serão apontados e examinados durante o trabalho sendo que estes elementos são importantes na representação dos conflitos sócio-históricos presentes nos Estados Unidos dos anos 40 e no Brasil nas primeiras sete dé-cadas do século XX. Outro aspecto que as duas peças apresentam em comum é o fato de analisarem um conflito geracional entre pai e filho(s), que representa, ao mesmo tempo, o conflito entre forças sociais e históricas maiores. Estudar quais são estas forças sociais representadas é também objetivo da pesquisa. Isto fará com que semelhanças e diferen-ças entre as obras e seus contextos apareçam e sejam discutidas. / The objective of this research is to analyze and compare the plays Death of a Salesman (1949), by the American playwright Arthur Miller (1915-2005), and Rasga Coração, by the Brazilian playwright Oduvaldo Vianna Filho (Vianinha) (1936-1974), especially concerning their use of epic elements. Both plays have a formal structure that presents past and present simultaneously on stage. Since a dramatic work always presupposes the scenic exposure of the present as a central characteristic, the fact that the past is part of the structure of Death of a Salesman and Rasga Coração transforms it into the most important epic element in both plays. Other epic elements of importance for the repre-sentation of social and historical conflicts of the United States in the forties and of Bra-zil in the first seven decades of the XX century will be examined as well. Another char-acteristic shared by these two plays is the fact that they discuss the generation conflict between father and son(s) in a way that combines the representation of private family affairs to the one of bigger social and historical forces. To study the nature of these so-cial forces represented in the two plays is another objective of this research, which will discuss and point out similarities and differences between them and their respective so-cial contexts.

De fortes contraintes juridiques, morales et coutumières pesaient sur les femmes de la fin du « long » 18ème siècle en Grande Bretagne. Les écrits féminins s’en ressentaient autant du point de vue des stratégies littéraires que de l’intrigue. Pour contourner les interdits et les tabous dont l’écriture féminine devait tenir compte, certaines romancières eurent recours à une satire ingénieuse qui ridiculisait les travers d’une société qui leur interdisait le sens critique. L’étude du contexte permet de faire la lumière sur le pourquoi et le comment de leurs stratégies satiriques. C’était l’époque des Lumières anglaises et écossaises, du début de la Révolution Industrielle et de la formation des classes moyennes. L’économie s’épanouissait et requérait une première « consommation de masse ». Synecdoques de la femme à vendre ou qui cherche à l’être, l’objet et l’argent sont les deux aspects d’analyse critique qui sous-tendent la structure de ce travail. La théorie de la re-création esthétique à la réception de Wolfgang Iser sert à souligner l’écart de réception possible entre le lecteur d’alors et celui de nos jours, et ensuite à susciter, investigations dans le contexte à l’appui, une émotion nouvelle à la lecture de ces ouvrages vieux de deux siècles. La théorie de la consommation de Baudrillard est choisie parce qu’elle facilite une compréhension de certains comportements autour de l’objet de personnages satirisés dans les romans. / Heavy juridical, moral and customary constraints weighed on women at the end of the « long » 18th century in Great Britain. The impact of such constraints on feminine writing touched the various literary strategies as well as the plots in the novels. In order to get round the taboos set by patriarchy - taboos that only touched the world of women – a few women writers used an ingenious kind of satire that ridiculed the faults of a society that forbade them any right to criticise. Researching the context allows us to understand the motives and the techniques of their satirical strategies. This was the time of English and Scottish Enlightenment, the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and the making of the middle classes. The economy was flourishing and led to a first wave of “mass consumption”. As synecdoches for women for sale or who wanted to be sold, objects and money are the two sides to the critical analysis that underlies the structure of this thesis. Wolfgang Iser’s theory of aesthetic re-creation by the reader is used to underline the possible gap in reception between at least two communities of readers and then, through investigation in the context, to arouse new interest for the works by Burney, Austen and Ferrier, some of them really unknown to most. Baudrillard’s theory of consumption has been chosen because it facilitates the reader’s understanding of the characters’ behaviour with respect to objects when the characters in question are the target of satire.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os diálogos e disputas travadas por Darcy Ribeiro para compreender a sua atuação como Senador. O trabalho foi baseado na compreensão de que as ações de Darcy Ribeiro estavam inseridas em um contexto sócio-histórico específico, concebido de modo ampliado e considerando aspectos como valores e temas em disputa na época. Inicialmente, foi construído um quadro de referência do contexto, abrangendo o período de 1990, ano da candidatura de Darcy Ribeiro ao Senado, até 1997, ano da sua morte. A partir desta interpretação, operou-se a análise do recorte do corpus empírico, compreendido por alguns discursos e apartes proferidos pelo Senador no Plenário, textos da Revista Carta – Falas, Reflexões, Memórias publicada pelo seu Gabinete, material de campanha eleitoral e artigos veiculados na imprensa. As ideias e projetos de Ribeiro analisados na dissertação demonstram a atualidade e permanência de suas realizações. O trabalho foi um resgate inacabado sobre a atuação de Darcy Ribeiro no Senado Federal e necessita ser aprofundado. Do mesmo modo, a abordagem teórico-metodológica da presente dissertação, que aproxima o referencial da Hermenêutica da Profundidade ao Contextualismo Linguístico, precisa ser debatida e aperfeiçoada, restando como sugestão para estudos futuros. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze conversations and disputes that took place by Darcy Ribeiro to better understand his role as Senator. The work was based on the assumption that the actions of Darcy Ribeiro were part in a specific socio-historical context, conceived as a whole and considering aspects such as values and issues in dispute at the time. Initially, we built a framework of context, covering the year of 1990, Darcy's candidacy for the Senate, until 1997, the year of his death. From this interpretation, it was operated the analysis of trimming the empirical corpus, comprised of some speeches and interventions delivered by Senator the Plenary, texts of the magazine Carta – Falas, Reflexões, Memórias published by his office, campaign material and articles published in press. The Ribeiro´s ideas and projects discussed in this dissertation demonstrate the relevance and permanence of his achievements. The on-going work was a rescue on the performance of Darcy in the Senate and needs to be deepened. Similarly, the theoretical and methodological framework of this dissertation, which approximates the reference Hermeneutics of the Depth and Linguistic Contextualism, must be debated and refined, remaining as future research.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os diálogos e disputas travadas por Darcy Ribeiro para compreender a sua atuação como Senador. O trabalho foi baseado na compreensão de que as ações de Darcy Ribeiro estavam inseridas em um contexto sócio-histórico específico, concebido de modo ampliado e considerando aspectos como valores e temas em disputa na época. Inicialmente, foi construído um quadro de referência do contexto, abrangendo o período de 1990, ano da candidatura de Darcy Ribeiro ao Senado, até 1997, ano da sua morte. A partir desta interpretação, operou-se a análise do recorte do corpus empírico, compreendido por alguns discursos e apartes proferidos pelo Senador no Plenário, textos da Revista Carta – Falas, Reflexões, Memórias publicada pelo seu Gabinete, material de campanha eleitoral e artigos veiculados na imprensa. As ideias e projetos de Ribeiro analisados na dissertação demonstram a atualidade e permanência de suas realizações. O trabalho foi um resgate inacabado sobre a atuação de Darcy Ribeiro no Senado Federal e necessita ser aprofundado. Do mesmo modo, a abordagem teórico-metodológica da presente dissertação, que aproxima o referencial da Hermenêutica da Profundidade ao Contextualismo Linguístico, precisa ser debatida e aperfeiçoada, restando como sugestão para estudos futuros. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze conversations and disputes that took place by Darcy Ribeiro to better understand his role as Senator. The work was based on the assumption that the actions of Darcy Ribeiro were part in a specific socio-historical context, conceived as a whole and considering aspects such as values and issues in dispute at the time. Initially, we built a framework of context, covering the year of 1990, Darcy's candidacy for the Senate, until 1997, the year of his death. From this interpretation, it was operated the analysis of trimming the empirical corpus, comprised of some speeches and interventions delivered by Senator the Plenary, texts of the magazine Carta – Falas, Reflexões, Memórias published by his office, campaign material and articles published in press. The Ribeiro´s ideas and projects discussed in this dissertation demonstrate the relevance and permanence of his achievements. The on-going work was a rescue on the performance of Darcy in the Senate and needs to be deepened. Similarly, the theoretical and methodological framework of this dissertation, which approximates the reference Hermeneutics of the Depth and Linguistic Contextualism, must be debated and refined, remaining as future research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ignacio_dza_me_mar.pdf: 554980 bytes, checksum: f0be64c90e7de65a681a7d55c0991887 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a trajetória da concepção da avaliação da Educação Superior nas constituições e demais normas de 1961 a 2007. Para isto, levanta, seleciona e analisa os documentos legais do período determinado e os contextualiza mediante a análise dos períodos históricos a que se referem. Parte-se do pressuposto que o tema da avaliação reveste-se de grande importância principalmente a partir de meados da década de 1990 e merece ser contemplado dos pontos de vista legal e histórico, por serem escassos os estudos em legislação da educação e que contemplam a trajetória da concepção da temática em evidência. O estudo da legislação foi realizado a partir de recortes históricos: no primeiro período (1961-1968) foram encontradas 53 normas e analisadas 25; entre os anos de 1969-1988, que se constituíram como o segundo período, foram encontrados 28 documentos legais e analisados 12 e, no último período, dos anos 1989- 2007, foram levantados 268 normas, sendo descritas e analisadas 37 delas. O texto evidencia, entre outros aspectos, que o modelo de avaliação da Educação Superior brasileira passou de um modelo quantitativista e objetivista à tentativa de um modelo emancipatório, com a finalidade de atingir uma melhor qualidade e de aproximar-se da avaliação formativa defendida pelos intelectuais. Entretanto, não é definido com clareza que tipo de Educação Superior deriva da implantação e legitimação desses processos de avaliação, ao contrário dos processos de avaliação da Educação Superior presentes no período de 1961 a 1968, que foram claramente definidos como meta de impedir a criação de cursos ou aumento de vagas em cursos cujo mercado de profissionais da área já tivesse satisfeito / The research aimed to analyze the trajectory of the evaluation design of higher education in the constitutions and other standards from 1961 to 2007. For this, raises, selects and reviews the legal documents of the period specified and contextualizes them by analysis of historical periods to which they relate. It starts from the assumption that the subject of evaluation is of great importance, especially since the mid-1990s and deserves to be recognized in the views of legal history and, being few studies in education law and to address the trajectory design of the theme in evidence. The study of law was made from historical analysis: the first period (1961-1968) were found and analyzed 53 rules 25, between the years 1969-1988, which have established themselves as the second period, there were 28 legal documents and analyzed 12 and in the last period, the years 1989 to 2007, 268 standards were raised, were described and analyzed 37 of them. It stresses, among other things, that the assessment model of higher education rose from a Brazilian model and objectivist quantitativist to attempt an emancipatory model, in order to achieve better quality and closer to the formative assessment advocated by intellectuals . However, it is not clearly defined what type of higher education derives from the legitimacy and implementation of assessment procedures, in contrast to the assessment of higher education in the present period from 1961 to 1968, which were clearly defined goal of preventing the development of courses or increase in places in courses which market professionals had already satisfied

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os diálogos e disputas travadas por Darcy Ribeiro para compreender a sua atuação como Senador. O trabalho foi baseado na compreensão de que as ações de Darcy Ribeiro estavam inseridas em um contexto sócio-histórico específico, concebido de modo ampliado e considerando aspectos como valores e temas em disputa na época. Inicialmente, foi construído um quadro de referência do contexto, abrangendo o período de 1990, ano da candidatura de Darcy Ribeiro ao Senado, até 1997, ano da sua morte. A partir desta interpretação, operou-se a análise do recorte do corpus empírico, compreendido por alguns discursos e apartes proferidos pelo Senador no Plenário, textos da Revista Carta – Falas, Reflexões, Memórias publicada pelo seu Gabinete, material de campanha eleitoral e artigos veiculados na imprensa. As ideias e projetos de Ribeiro analisados na dissertação demonstram a atualidade e permanência de suas realizações. O trabalho foi um resgate inacabado sobre a atuação de Darcy Ribeiro no Senado Federal e necessita ser aprofundado. Do mesmo modo, a abordagem teórico-metodológica da presente dissertação, que aproxima o referencial da Hermenêutica da Profundidade ao Contextualismo Linguístico, precisa ser debatida e aperfeiçoada, restando como sugestão para estudos futuros. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze conversations and disputes that took place by Darcy Ribeiro to better understand his role as Senator. The work was based on the assumption that the actions of Darcy Ribeiro were part in a specific socio-historical context, conceived as a whole and considering aspects such as values and issues in dispute at the time. Initially, we built a framework of context, covering the year of 1990, Darcy's candidacy for the Senate, until 1997, the year of his death. From this interpretation, it was operated the analysis of trimming the empirical corpus, comprised of some speeches and interventions delivered by Senator the Plenary, texts of the magazine Carta – Falas, Reflexões, Memórias published by his office, campaign material and articles published in press. The Ribeiro´s ideas and projects discussed in this dissertation demonstrate the relevance and permanence of his achievements. The on-going work was a rescue on the performance of Darcy in the Senate and needs to be deepened. Similarly, the theoretical and methodological framework of this dissertation, which approximates the reference Hermeneutics of the Depth and Linguistic Contextualism, must be debated and refined, remaining as future research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paulo Fernando da Silva Furtado.pdf: 1139263 bytes, checksum: 49a5e748b91a55e750f745f09afb492f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / The comparison between O coronel e o Lobisomem by José Candido de Carvalho and Sargento Getúlio by João Ubaldo Ribeiro examines how character narrators s discourses reveal shared assumptions in society about the power structures that are narrated and represented in the context, sustained by violence. In these works, we identify conventions admitting various forms of repression, from subtle attitudes, verbal and physical agression. Thus, the main objective of this research is to understand the textual relations between narratives and social and historical contexts marked by authoritarianism of state and legitimized by the actions of members of society who work keys for maintenance and permanence. Based on the theoretical perspective of Critical Theory of Society, with authors such as Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno and Raymundo Faoro reflection takes place from the narratives of how Brazilian society was formed in historical processes that have in common authoritarian structures. The voices of Colonel and police joined a network of practices that were being renewed for the maintenance of privileges, especially the perceptions of authority that they possess and that conflict in a urban space more modernized. This process is evidenced by the structure of narratives, which provide critical readings that suggest distrusting unitary narrations, since the character of incompleteness and suspicion about the protagonists and the plot itself, questioning also the processes of writing history and fiction as representations of the dominant ideology. / A comparação entre O Coronel e o Lobisomem, de José Cândido de Carvalho, e em Sargento Getúlio, de João Ubaldo Ribeiro, pretende analisar como os discursos dos personagens-narradores evidenciam pressupostos compartilhados na sociedade sobre as estruturas de poder que são, nos contextos narrados e representados, sustentados pela violência. Nestas obras, identificam-se convenções que admitiam variadas formas de repressão, desde atitudes sutis até agressões verbais e físicas. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é compreender as relações textuais das narrativas com os contextos sociais e históricos marcados pelo autoritarismo de Estado e legitimados pela atuação de membros da sociedade que exercem funções chaves para sua manutenção e permanência. Tomando como base teórica a perspectiva da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, com autores como Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno e Raymundo Faoro se realiza uma reflexão a partir das narrativas de como a sociedade brasileira se formou em processos históricos que tem em comum as estruturas autoritárias. As vozes do coronel e do policial integraram uma rede de práticas que foram se renovando para a manutenção de sistemas de privilégios, destacando-se as percepções de autoridade que os mesmos possuem e que entram em conflito no espaço urbano mais modernizado. Esse processo é evidenciado pela estrutura das narrativas, as quais proporcionam leituras críticas que sugerem a desconfiança para com narrações unitárias, visto o caráter de incompletude e de suspeição acerca dos protagonistas e do próprio enredo, questionando-se também os processos de escrita da história e da ficção, enquanto representações da ideologia dominante.

This study explores the social ‘vision’ of three Shona women writers vis-à-vis their Zimbabwean society, attempting to ascertain whether this vision is entrenched in the post-independence context or has been shaped by the whole canvas of colonization and its impact on Shona society. For this purpose, Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions (1988), Yvonne Vera’s Why Don’t You Carve Other Animals (1992) and Freedom Nyamubaya’s Dusk of Dawn (1995) have been selected to explore the representation of Zimbabwean society in different artistic genres. The approach is mainly socio-historical, examining the selected texts in the context of Zimbabwean history and paying attention to how the socio-political dynamics in both colonial Rhodesia and post-independence Zimbabwe influence the creative output of Zimbabwean writers, in general, and of the selected writers, in particular. In addition, this study refers to other aspects of literary theory, especially African feminist theories, since all three writers discuss the plight of black African women. This study consists of four chapters arranged according to the historical period in which the texts are set, which coincides with publication date. Chapter One provides a general background to Zimbabwean writing in English to root the study in the socio-historical experiences of the country. This chapter thus considers the works of both white and black writers. Chapter Two discusses Nervous Conditions, critiquing it as a women’s narrative in a social realist mode, because it portrays the social and political forces as significant shapers of human lives. Chapter Three analyzes Why Don’t You Carve Other Animals as a text in the fabulist mode, which re-imagines cultural and literary politics. Nyamubaya’s poetry, discussed in Chapter Four, is autobiographical and ideological. It revisits the Zimbabwean liberation war, situating it within both the private and national spheres, and arguing that such a standpoint emanates from Nyamubaya’s need to make sense of her own experiences during the war and in post-independence Zimbabwe. In conclusion, the study summarizes the major findings of the research, analyzing these against the background to Zimbabwean writing in English given in Chapter One. / Dissertation (MA (English))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / English / unrestricted

In recent years various factors have contributed to the dissolution of the traditional family and the subsequent emergence of alternative family systems like the single parent family. Single parent families have become a reality in our society, a fact reflected by statistics which indicate an increase in the occurrence of single parent families over the last couple of years. However, the single parent family is still mostly perceived as consisting of the mother and her children, rather than the father and his children. Research narratives seem to support the single-parenthood-equals-single-motherhood plot in that there is an abundance of single parent accounts in the literature that mostly tell the stories of single mothers. Thus, fathers who find themselves in the position of single father seem to be marginalised in society and stories regarding their experiences are few and far between. The aim of this project was to explore and describe how single fathers in South Africa experience fatherhood by focussing on their personal narratives. Therefore the research inquiry for this project took the form of a narrative inquiry which provides a way to understand people’s experiences by privileging their stories. The researcher conducted unstructured interviews with participants to produce languaged data which were analysed using a narrative analysis strategy. A narrative analysis aims to investigate not merely the content of the story, but rather the story itself and the way in which it is told within a specific cultural and historical context. Hopefully, in the telling, listening and retelling of their stories these fathers’ voices will become more pronounced in the research narratives and thus contribute to the body of knowledge pertaining to single fatherhood. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / Unrestricted

This study is aimed to read Shakespeare's problem comedies, Troilus and Cressida and Measure for Measure into the historical and cultural context of dynamically-changing English Renaissance society at the turn of the sixteenth century. In the historical context of emerging capitalism, growing economic crisis, reformed theology, changing social hierarchy, and increasing sexual control, this study investigates the nature of complicated moral problems that the plays consistently present. The primary argument is that the serious and dark picture of human dilemma is attributed not to Shakespeare's private imagination, but to social, political, economic, and religious crises in early modern England.