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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Da prevenção ao manejo do risco: contraste e indefinição na história recente da psiquiatria / From prevention to risk management: contrast and uncertainty in recent history of psychiatry

Luna Rodrigues Freitas Silva 08 May 2013 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contrastar a noção de prevenção elaborada no contexto norte-americano dos anos 60 com a emergência do risco como noção alternativa de viés preventivista na psiquiatria contemporânea. Para tanto, analisamos as concepções e teorias que fundamentavam a prevenção nos anos 60, investigando como um determinado modo de explicar a doença se articulou a interesses profissionais e a demandas sociais daquele período, contribuindo para elevar a prevenção à ação primordial e objetivo fundamental do campo psiquiátrico. Em seguida, analisamos as concepções e teorias neurocientíficas recentes sobre a formação psicopatológica e as correlatas propostas de manejo do risco que começam a se configurar como alternativa aos discursos preventivos que predominaram no século XX. Finalmente, discutimos as transformações que explicam o declínio da prevenção e a ascensão das práticas de manejo do risco, associando as modificações do campo psiquiátrico às alterações no campo da saúde e no contexto cultural do final do século XX e início do século XXI. Os objetivos da discussão são: contrastar os dois discursos psiquiátricos, tecendo considerações sobre as marcantes diferenças entre o predomínio da prevenção e a lógica do risco e sobre possíveis similaridades ou continuidades; e examinar, de forma exploratória, algumas das consequências que a associação entre categorias psiquiátricas, risco e práticas de saúde contemporâneas pode promover nas formas de conhecer, tratar e vivenciar a patologia mental. / The purpose of this thesis is to contrast the notion of prevention developed in the United States during the 60s with the emergence of risk as an alternative notion of preventive bias in contemporary psychiatry. Therefore, I analyze concepts and theories underpinning prevention in the 60s, investigating how a particular way of explaining disease was articulated to professional interests and social demands, contributing to raise prevention as a fundamental action and main goal of the psychiatric field. Then I analyze recent neuroscientific concepts and theories on the formation of psychopathology and the related risk management proposals that begin to take shape as an alternative to preventive discourses that prevailed in the twentieth century. Finally, I discuss the transformations that explain the decline of prevention and the rise of risk management, connecting modifications in psychiatry to changes in health practices and in the cultural context of late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The objectives of the discussion are: to contrast the psychiatric discourses, considering the striking differences between the prevalence of prevention and the risk logic, as well as possible similarities; and to examine, in an exploratory way, some of the alterations that the association between psychiatric categories, risk and health practices may promote in contemporary ways of knowing, experiencing and treating mental pathology.
22

O Sanatório São José : o poder e as práticas da psiquiatria em uma instituição privada - Porto Alegre/RS (1934-1954)

Faturi, Fábio Rosa January 2015 (has links)
Esta dissertação analisa o Sanatório São José, uma instituição psiquiátrica particular criada no ano de 1934 na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O recorte temporal proposto para a pesquisa inicia com o contexto de criação do referido estabelecimento e encerra no decorrer da década de 1950 quando ocorre a introdução e a disseminação do uso de medicamentos para o tratamento psiquiátrico, o que imprime uma mudança no cotidiano e na prática institucional. Parte-se desta instituição para examinar a prática psiquiátrica de forma ampla, examina-se nesse sentido o contexto que legitimava o funcionamento de estabelecimentos desta natureza, a atuação dos psiquiatras como profissionais autorizados pela sociedade e as práticas terapêuticas desenvolvidas na instituição. Utilizam-se como fonte, sobretudo, as pastas dos pacientes internados neste estabelecimento, sendo estas de responsabilidade do Arquivo da Clínica São José. A pesquisa que segue esta dividida em três capítulos: no primeiro capítulo analisa-se o contexto da assistência psiquiátrica no Rio Grande do Sul durante as décadas de 1920 e 1930, compondo o ambiente no qual se desenvolveu a ideia da criação de um Sanatório particular. Os agentes envolvidos na criação desta instituição e os profissionais que atuaram naquele espaço – os psiquiatras e as religiosas – são analisados ainda neste espaço. No segundo capítulo, a partir dos dados presentes nos questionários iniciais – Boletins de internamento – e nas anotações clínicas presentes nas pastas dos pacientes, examinamos as concepções de alienação mental que compartilhavam aqueles que procuravam este estabelecimento, as formas como se justificava a internação, as atitudes e hábitos flagrantes de alienação mental. No decorrer do terceiro capítulo, que conclui este trabalho, ocupamo-nos dos tratamentos desenvolvidos pelos psiquiatras do Sanatório São José, traçando os referenciais teóricos e ideológicos que orientavam estas práticas, as resistências a estas terapêuticas e conclui-se esta dissertação com a análise das concepções de cura da alienação mental a partir da ação de uma instituição privada. / This dissertation analyzes the São José Sanatorium, a private psychiatric institution created in 1934 in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The time proposed for the survey starts with the context of the creation of that establishment and closes during the decade 1950 when occurs the introduction and use of drugs for psychiatric treatment, which prints a change in daily life and in institutional practice. Starting of this institution is to examine the psychiatric practice broadly; it examines that effect the context that legitimized the operation of establishments of this nature, the actions of psychiatrists as licensed professionals by society and therapeutic practices developed in the institution. Use’s as a source above all the folders of patients admitted at this property, which are the responsibility of the Archive of São José Sanatorium. The research that follows is divided into three chapters:, in the first chapter analyzes the context of psychiatric care in Rio Grande do Sul during the 1920s and 1930s, making the environment in which they developed the idea of creating a private sanatorium. Agents involved in the creation of this institution and the professionals who worked in that space - the psychiatrists and religious - are also analyzed in this space. In the second chapter, from the data present in the initial questionnaires - inpatient Bulletins - and the clinical notes present in the folders of patients, we examine the mental alienation concepts they shared those seeking this establishment, the ways in which he justified hospital admission, attitudes and blatant insanity habits. During the third chapter, which concludes this work we deal with the treatments developed by psychiatrists in the São José Sanatorium, tracing the theoretical and ideological references that guided these practices, resistance to these therapies and concludes this essay with the analysis of healing conceptions of mental illness from the action of a private institution.
23

Descriptions of Disordered Eating in German Psychiatric Textbooks, 1803–2017

Bergner, Lukas, Himmerich, Hubertus, Kirkby, Kenneth C., Steinberg, Holger 31 March 2023 (has links)
The most common eating disorders (EDs) according to DSM-5 are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). These disorders have received increasing attention in psychiatry due to rising prevalence and high morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic category “anorexia nervosa,” introduced by Ernest-Charles Lasègue and William Gull in 1873, first appears a century later in a German textbook of psychiatry, authored by Gerd Huber in 1974. However, disordered eating behavior has been described and discussed in German psychiatric textbooks throughout the past 200 years. We reviewed content regarding eating disorder diagnoses but also descriptions of disordered eating behavior in general. As material, we carefully selected eighteen German-language textbooks of psychiatry across the period 1803–2017. Previously, in German psychiatry, disordered eating behaviors were seen as symptoms of depressive disorders, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, or as manifestations of historical diagnoses no longer used by the majority of psychiatrists such as neurasthenia, hypochondria and hysteria. Interestingly, 19th and early 20th century psychiatrists like Kraepelin, Bumke, Hoff, Bleuler, and Jaspers reported symptom clusters such as food refusal and vomiting under these outdated diagnostic categories, whereas nowadays they are listed as core criteria for specific eating disorder subtypes. A wide range of medical conditions such as endocrinopathies, intestinal or brain lesions were also cited as causes of abnormal food intake and body weight. An additional consideration in the delayed adoption of eating disorder diagnoses in German psychiatry is that people with EDs are commonly treated in the specialty discipline of psychosomatic medicine, introduced in Germany afterWorld War II, rather than in psychiatry. Viewed from today’s perspective, the classification of disorders associated with disordered eating is continuously evolving. Major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and physical diseases have been enduringly associated with abnormal eating behavior and are listed as important differential diagnoses of EDs in DSM-5. Moreover, there are overlaps regarding the neurobiological basis and psychological and psychopharmacological therapies applied to all of these disorders.
24

Asylum and Community: Connections Between the Athens Lunatic Asylum and the Village of Athens 1867-1893

Ziff, Katherine K. 29 July 2004 (has links)
No description available.
25

Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva: psiquiatria e política em uma trajetória singular (1898-1988) / Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva: psychiatry and politics in a singular trajectory (1898 - 1988)

Tarelow, Gustavo Querodia 15 February 2019 (has links)
O presente trabalho trata-se de uma biografia do psiquiatra Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva (1898- 1988) que, entre outros cargos e funções, foi diretor do Hospital de Juquery, professor catedrático da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, presidente da Federação Mundial para a Saúde Mental, deputado federal e estadual e dirigente de diversas entidades médico-científicas. O estudo almeja captar as especificidades das ações do personagem, bem como as relações que ele estabeleceu com os contextos históricos em que viveu. Pretende-se, assim, romper com as análises biográficas heroicas e laudatórias que invariavelmente incidem em determinismos e cristalizações. Para tanto, o trabalho explora os conceitos de biografia hermenêutica e de singularidade desenvolvidos respectivamente por François Dosse e Carlo Ginzburg. A carreira política de Pacheco e Silva, por sua vez, é investigada a partir das teorias acerca do pensamento conservador brasileiro e sob as indicações metodológicas sobre a construção e as implicações da paulistanidade. Considerando a necessidade de se definir uma clara e coesa periodização sobre o objeto de análise, foi realizado um recorte temporal em três Eras que tomam como base os processos históricos mais amplos e a dimensão particular da vida do biografado na perspectiva de sua atuação nos campos da psiquiatria e da política. Ao considerar a inserção do presente trabalho no campo da Saúde Coletiva, partimos do pressuposto que a História pode ser uma grande aliada na compreensão dos fenômenos sociais que permeiam os processos saúde-doença-cuidado e as ações de determinados grupos e indivíduos em meio a eles. Sendo assim, a História, ciência que se volta para a ação do homem no tempo, encontra neste campo um espaço privilegiado de troca capaz de enriquecer tanto as pesquisas realizadas pelos profissionais mais próximos dos serviços de Saúde quanto as análises dos profissionais dedicados às Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Com isso em vista, estudo empreendido se subdivide em cinco capítulos. Os dois primeiros englobam as opções teórico-metodológicas adotadas e o debate historiográfico acerca do campo biográfico, da história das práticas médicas e de Saúde, bem como sobre a vida e obra de Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva. Os três últimos capítulos analisam as especificidades dos diferentes momentos de sua vida, classificados como Era formativa, Era do fulgor e Era dos acirramentos. Finalmente, entende-se que o personagem analisado teve sua biografia marcada pelos diferentes contextos históricos em que viveu e que, da mesma forma, foi um indivíduo singular que assumiu posições próprias, que direcionou com maior ou menor grau de autonomia as suas escolhas, construindo, assim, um caminho biográfico peculiar / The present work deals with a biography of the psychiatrist Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva (1898-1988), who, among other positions and functions, was director of the Juquery Hospital, professor at the University of São Paulo Medical School, president of World Federation for Mental Health, federal and state deputy and leader of several medicalscientific entities. The study aims to capture the specificities of the character\'s actions, as well as the relationships he established with the historical contexts in which he lived. It is intended, therefore, to break with the heroic and laudatory biographical analyzes that invariably affect determinism and crystallization. For this, the work explores the concepts of hermeneutic biography and singularity developed respectively by François Dosse and Carlo Ginzburg. The political career of Pacheco e Silva, in turn, is investigated from theories about conservative brazilian thought and under the methodological indications about the construction and implications of \"paulistanity\". Considering the necessity to define a clear and cohesive periodization on the object of analysis, a temporal cut was made in three Ages based on the broader historical processes and the particular life dimension of the biographer in the perspective of his work in the fields of psychiatry and politics. In considering the insertion of the present work in the field of Public Health, we assume that History can be a great ally in the understanding of the social phenomena that permeate the health-disease-care processes and the actions of certain groups and individuals among them. Thus, history, a science that turns to the action of man in time, finds in this field a privileged space of exchange capable of enriching both the researches carried out by professionals closer to the health services and the analyzes of professionals dedicated to the Social and Human Sciences. With this in view, study undertaken is subdivided into five chapters. The first two encompasses the theoretical-methodological options adopted and the historiographic debate about the biographical field, the history of medical and health practices, as well as the life and work of Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva. The last three chapters analyze the specificities of the different moments of his life, classified as Formative Age, Age of Glow and Age of Disputes. Finally, it is understood that the analyzed character had his biography marked by the different historical contexts in which he lived and that, likewise, it was a singular individual who assumed his own positions, that directed with a greater or lesser degree of autonomy his choices, constructing, thus, a peculiar biographical path
26

Mental illness and the British mandate in Palestine, 1920-1948

Wilson, Christopher William January 2019 (has links)
This thesis examines the ways in which the British mandate conceptualised, encountered, and sought to manage mental illness in Palestine between 1920 and 1948. The subject of mental illness has hitherto received partial consideration by historians interested in the Yishuv, who treat this period as formative for the Israeli mental health service. This thesis shifts the focus from European Jewish psychiatrists to the British mandate's engagements with mental illness, thus contributing to the well-developed literature on colonial psychiatry. Where this thesis departs from many of these institutionally-focussed histories of colonial psychiatry is in its source base; lacking hospital case files or articles in psychiatric journals, this thesis draws on an eclectic range of material from census reports and folklore research to petitions and prison records. In bringing together these strands of the story of psychiatry and mental illness, this thesis seeks to move beyond the continued emphasis in the historiography of Palestine on politics, nationalism, and state-building, and to develop our understanding of state and society by examining how they interacted in relation to the question of mental illness. This thesis thus widens the cast of historical actors from psychiatric experts alone to take in policemen, census officials, and families. In addition, this thesis seeks to situate Palestine within wider mandatory, British imperial, and global contexts, not to elide specificities, but to resist a persistent historiographical tendency to treat Palestine as exceptional. The first part traces the development of British mandatory conceptualisations of mental illness through the census of 1931 and then through a focus on specific causes of mental illness thought to be at work in Palestine. The second part examines two contexts in which the mandate was brought into contact with the mentally ill: the law and petitions. The final part of the thesis explores two distinct therapeutic regimes introduced in this period: patient work and somatic treatments.
27

Eine Werkbiografie über Christa Kohler (1928-2004): Psychotherapeutische und sozialpsychiatrische Forschung und Praxis in der DDR

Steinmetz, Marie Rosa Hilde 22 October 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem wissenschaftlichen Werk der DDR Psychiaterin Christa Kohler (1928 – 2004). Fokussiert werden dabei ihre Habilitationsschrift zu sozialpsychiatrischen Problemen bei Neurosen und Psychosen in der zweiten Lebenshälfte sowie ihr selbstständig erarbeitetes Konzept der „Kommunikativen Psychotherapie“. Die Forschungsarbeit Kohlers wird unter Berücksichtigung von themenrelevanter Literatur, Interviews mit Zeitzeugen und Archivmaterialien analysiert und bewertet. Dabei wird auch die Person Kohlers beleuchtet und ihre Arbeit in den wissenschaftshistorischen Kontext eingeordnet.
28

Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843) als forensischer Psychiater

Richter, Elisabeth 05 July 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Die vorliegende Publikationspromotion setzt sich mit dem forensisch-psychiatrischen Werk und Schaffen des ersten abendländischen Lehrstuhlinhabers für Psychiatrie und Begründers der Leipziger Universitätspsychiatrie Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843) zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts auseinander. Die Schwerpunkte dabei sind dessen eigene Gutachtertätigkeit und sein Konzept der Zurechnungsfähigkeit. Anhand ausgewählter Schriften wurde eine textnahe Lektüre durchgeführt, um Heinroth losgelöst von Kontexten und Kategorien direkt verstehen zu können. Es ließ sich rekonstruieren, dass Heinroth durch philosophisches Denken und ganzheitliche Problemlösungsstrategien nicht nur der in seiner Zeit verbreiteten Exkulpationsneigung und der Instrumentalisierung psychischer Erkrankungen entschieden entgegen tritt, sondern auch, wenngleich er dieselben nicht überwindet, dennoch konstruktive Lösungsansätze für forensisch-psychiatrische Debatten findet und damit eine Bereicherung auch für aktuelle neurowissenschaftliche Diskussionen darstellt. Durch die Tiefendarstellung eines Zeitgenossen wird so ein Beitrag zur Vervollständigung der Geschichte der Forensischen Psychiatrie geleistet.
29

Bliva samhället till nytta : En studie om utskrivningskriterier på Sankt Sigfrids sjukhus kriminalavdelning år 1915-1945 / Become useful for the society : A study in criteria for being discharged from the forensic psychiatric departement at Sankt Sigfrids mental hospital in 1915-1945

Larsen, Alexander January 2018 (has links)
This study examines the most vital criteria for being discharged from forensic psychiatric care in 1915-1945. To do so a qualitative oriented comparative text analysis has been made on medical records from the forensic psychiatric departement at Sankt Sigfrids mental hospital in Växjö, Sweden. The result shows that the most vital criteria for the whole period is that a patient proves himself to be diligent, hard-working and that he can return to an environment where he can live and make a living for himself. Furthermore, from 1940 and forward the result shows that the discharge trial has been expanded, which results in that the criteria for being discharged should to a greater extent been showed in the free rather than in the institution. The conclusion of this is that the psychiatry during the later years of the study aimed to create a more socially adapted and producitve citizen out of the patient than it did in the earlier years.
30

Rappeutuminen, tiedostamaton vai yhteiskunta?:lääketieteellinen itsemurhatutkimus Suomessa vuoteen 1985

Myllykangas, M. (Mikko) 28 May 2014 (has links)
Abstract In recent years in Finland suicide has been discussed in the context of mental health problems. Together with psychiatric disorders, suicide has been seen as a result of adverse social conditions. Occasionally suicide has even been seen as a public health problem. This interpretation has been justified by Finland’s internationally high suicide rates. The inclusion of suicide in medical and psychiatric discussions as well as the production of scientific data on suicide through medical research have resulted in the widely accepted view of suicide as a medical problem. This thesis examines the history of Finnish medical suicide research and the production of psychiatric knowledge on suicide. Finnish suicide research dates back to the middle of the 19th century, when the conception of suicide as a scientific problem arrived in Finland from Continental Europe and the UK. Suicide remained a crime in the Finnish Penal Code until the early 1890s, but the idea of suicide as a medical, rather than moral, legal or theological issue gradually began to gain ground already in the early 19th century. By decriminalizing suicide the Grand Duchy of Finland followed the example set by the Western European countries. The early Finnish suicide research was linked to the French and the English debates on suicide. The emerging European medical conception of suicide was based on social beliefs, psychiatric discussions and early sociological theories rooted in statistical data. As part of the institutional and intellectual development of psychiatry, Finnish suicide research arrived at a new phase after the Second World War. The conception of suicide as an expression of national character or a product of racial characteristics gave way to a new conceptualization based on psychoanalytically oriented psychiatric research. In the 1970s, social psychiatric research began to look for the social determinants behind the suicide rates. This, in turn, prepared the ground for a nationwide suicide prevention project launched in the late 1980s. This thesis aims to shed light on the historical background of this project. The primary source material consists of documents related to Finnish medical suicide research and the discussion about suicide in medical journals in Finland from 1864 to 1985. / Tiivistelmä Itsemurhasta on Suomessa viime vuosina ja vuosikymmeninä puhuttu mielenterveyden ongelmien yhteydessä. Psykiatristen häiriöiden ohella itsemurhat on nähty yhteiskunnallisten olosuhteiden sairastuttavan vaikutuksen tuloksena. Ajoittain itsemurhista on puhuttu jopa kansanterveysongelmana. Tulkintaa on perusteltu viittaamalla kansainvälisesti ja varsinkin länsimaihin verrattuna korkeisiin itsemurhalukuihin. Pelkkiin lukuihin katsominen ei kuitenkaan riitä jonkin ilmiön leimaamiseen terveysongelmaksi. Tulkinnan syntyminen on edellyttänyt lääketieteellisen tutkimuksen kautta syntynyttä tietoa sekä itsemurhailmiön kytkemistä osaksi lääketieteellistä ja psykiatrista keskustelua. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan suomalaisen lääketieteellisen itsemurhatutkimuksen historiaa ja itsemurhia koskevan tiedon tuottamista. Suomalaisen itsemurhatutkimuksen juuret ulottuvat 1800-luvun puoleen väliin, jolloin käsitykset itsemurhasta tieteellisenä ongelmana rantautuivat Suomeen Manner-Euroopasta ja Isosta-Britanniasta. Tulkinta itsemurhasta pikemminkin lääketieteellistä kuin moraalista, juridista tai teologista käsittelyä edellyttävänä ilmiönä alkoi voittaa alaa 1800-luvun kuluessa. Dekriminalisoidessaan itsemurhan 1890-luvulla Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta seurasi Länsi-Euroopan maiden esimerkkiä. Varhainen suomalainen itsemurhatutkimus oli kytköksissä 1800-luvun ranskalaiseen ja englantilaiseen psykiatriseen tutkimukseen, yhteiskunnallisiin teorioihin ja väestötilastotietoihin nojaaviin käsityksiin. Osana psykiatrian institutionaalista ja tieteenhistoriallista kehitystä suomalainen itsemurhatutkimus astui toisen maailmansodan jälkeen uuteen vaiheeseen. Käsitykset itsemurhasta kansanluonteen tai rodullisten piirteiden ilmaisuna väistyivät, kun psykoanalyyttisesti orientoitunut tutkimus alkoi etsiä itsemurhan tiedostamattomia psyykkisiä syitä. 1970-luvulla psykiatrinen itsemurhatutkimus suuntautui yksilön mielen ohella yhteiskunnallisiin taustatekijöihin osana sosiaalipsykiatrista tutkimusta. Näin luotiin pohjaa 1980-luvun lopulla käynnistetylle valtakunnalliselle itsemurhien ehkäisyhankkeelle, jonka tieteenhistoriallista taustaa tämä tutkimus valottaa. Tämän tutkimuksen keskeisimmän lähdeaineiston muodostavat suomalaiset lääketieteellisestä näkökulmasta laaditut itsemurhatutkimukset ja itsemurhia käsitelleet tutkimusartikkelit vuosivälillä 1864–1985.

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