MARINHO FILHO, José Delano Barreto. Contribuição das espécies reativas de oxigênio na atividade anti-leucêmica da cordiaquinona J. 2009. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-04-11T15:48:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_disjdbmfilho.pdf: 6698247 bytes, checksum: 498178884054e9fdc1e85785288c6b4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2012-04-11T16:12:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_disjdbmfilho.pdf: 6698247 bytes, checksum: 498178884054e9fdc1e85785288c6b4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-11T16:12:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_disjdbmfilho.pdf: 6698247 bytes, checksum: 498178884054e9fdc1e85785288c6b4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Cordiaquinone J is a 1,4-naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of C. leucocephala, with antifungal and larvicidal activities. Nonetheless the cytotoxic effects of cordiaquinone J have never being explored. In the present study, it was investigated the effect of cordiaquinone J on tumor cells viability, showing IC50 values in the range of 2.7 to 6.6 μM in HL-60 and SF-295, respectively. Studies performed in HL-60 leukemia cells indicated that cordiaquinone J (1.5 and 3 μM) reduced cell viability and BrdU incorporation after 24 hours of incubation. Cordiaquinone J showed rapid induction of apoptosis, as indicated by phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and morphologic changes and, rapid induction of necrosis, as indicated by the loss of membrane integrity and morphologic changes. Cordiaquinone J altered the redox potential of tumor cells by inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as initial events. The pretreatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abolished most of the observed effects related to cordiaquinone J treatment, including those related to apoptosis and necrosis induction. Thus, present results highlight the antitumor potential of cordiaquinona J. / Cordiaquinona J é uma 1,4-naftoquinona isolada das raízes de Cordia leucocephala, que apresenta atividade antifúngica e larvicida. No entanto, não há relatos quanto a sua atividade citotóxica. No presente estudo, foi investigado os efeitos citotóxicos da cordiaquinona J sobre a viabilidade de células tumorais, cujo valores de CI50 variaram de 2,7 a 6,6 μM em células de HL-60 e SF-295 respectivamente. Estudos realizados em células leucêmicas de HL-60 indicaram que a cordiaquinona J (1,5 e 3,0 μM) reduziu a viabilidade celular e a incorporação do BrdU após 24 horas de incubação. Além disso, a cordiaquinona J mostrou rápida indução de apoptose, como indicado pela externalização da fosfatidilserina, ativação de caspases, fragmentação do DNA e mudanças morfológicas, além de uma rápida indução de necrose, como indicado pela perda da integridade de membrana e mudanças morfológicas. Cordiaquinona J altera o potencial redox de células tumorais por induzir geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio e perda do potencial da membrana mitocondrial como eventos iniciais. Além disso, o pré-tratamento das células com N-acetil-L-cisteína (NAC) aboliu a maioria dos efeitos observados relacionados ao tratamento com a cordiaquinona J, incluindo os efeitos relacionados a indução de apoptose e de necrose, sugerindo que a citotoxidade dessa molécula está relacionada a geração de EROs. Assim, o presente estudo ressalta o potencial antitumoral da Cordiaquinona J.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the management of budgets in the regions of the Czech Republic and in the capital city of Prague between the years of 2003 and 2013. Comparison is made between the capital city of Prague, Central Bohemian Region and South Moravian Region. The thesis opens with description of historical and legislative framework and continues with strong reference to the theory of public finance. The research shows that the most important source of revenues for the regions are financial transfers. Majority of Prague's income comes from public tax revenues. Current expenditures are the most prominent outlay of the regions and of Prague, too. The regional and Prague's total debt has grown continuously over the researched period. Strong impact on the budget economy has had the global economic crisis which has influenced the budgets since 2009.

No description available.

<p>The high luminosity phase of the LHC, poised to start taking data in 2027, aims to increase the instantaneous luminosity of the machine to 7.5 x 10³⁴ cm^-2 s^-1. This will make it possible for experiments at CERN to make higher precision measurements on known physics phenomenon as well as to search for “new physics”. However, this motivates the need for hardware upgrades at the various experiments in order to ensure compatibility with the HL-LHC. This thesis describes some of the efforts to upgrade the inner-most layers of the Compact Muon Solenoid, namely the CMS silicon pixel tracking detector. </p> <p>Silicon sensors used to track particles are installed in the detector as part of a pixel sensor module. Modules consist of a silicon sensor-readout chip assembly that is wire-bonded to an HDI, or High Density Interconnects to provide power and signals. </p> <p>As part of the upgrade, 2,541 modules need to be assembled delicately and identically with alignment error margins as low as 10 microns. Assembly will be across three production sites in clean rooms to avoid dust and humidity contamination.</p> <p>In addition, the modules need to survive high magnetic fields and extended close-range radiation as part of the HL-LHC.</p> <p>In line with this effort, new materials and assembly procedures able to sustain such damage are investigated. Techniques to assemble modules are explored, specifically precision placing of parts with a robotic gantry and techniques to protect wirebonds. This is followed by a discussion of the accuracy and repeatability.</p>

It is well established that intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) controls the inotropic state of the myocardium, and evidence mounts that a "Ca2+ clock" controls the chronotropic state of the heart. Recent findings describe a calcium-activated nonselective cation channel (NSCCa) in various cardiac preparations sharing hallmark characteristics of the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4). TRPM4 is functionally expressed throughout the heart and has been implicated as a NSCCa that mediates membrane depolarization. However, the functional significance of TRPM4 in regards to Ca2+ signaling and its effects on cellular excitability and pacemaker function remains inconclusive. Here, we show by Fura2 Ca-imaging that pharmacological inhibition of TRPM4 in HL-1 mouse cardiac myocytes by 9-phenanthrol (10μM) and flufenamic acid (10 and 100μM) decreases Ca2+ oscillations followed by an overall increase in [Ca2+]i. The latter occurs also in HL-1 cells in Ca2+-free solution and after depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ with thapsigargin (10μM). These pharmacologic agents also depolarize HL-1 cell mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, by on-cell voltage clamp we show that 9-phenanthrol reversibly inhibits membrane current; by fluorescence immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that HL-1 cells display punctate surface labeling with TRPM4 antibody; and by immunoblotting using this antibody we show these cells express a 130-150kDa protein, as expected for TRPM4. We conclude that 9-phenanthrol inhibits TRPM4 ion channels in HL-1 cells, which in turn decreases Ca2+ oscillations followed by a compensatory increase in [Ca2+]i from an intracellular store other than the sarcoplasmic reticulum. We speculate that the most likely source is the mitochondrion.

It is well established that intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) controls the inotropic state of the myocardium, and evidence mounts that a "Ca2+ clock" controls the chronotropic state of the heart. Recent findings describe a calcium-activated nonselective cation channel (NSCCa) in various cardiac preparations sharing hallmark characteristics of the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4). TRPM4 is functionally expressed throughout the heart and has been implicated as a NSCCa that mediates membrane depolarization. However, the functional significance of TRPM4 in regards to Ca2+ signaling and its effects on cellular excitability and pacemaker function remains inconclusive. Here, we show by Fura2 Ca-imaging that pharmacological inhibition of TRPM4 in HL-1 mouse cardiac myocytes by 9-phenanthrol (10μM) and flufenamic acid (10 and 100μM) decreases Ca2+ oscillations followed by an overall increase in [Ca2+]i. The latter occurs also in HL-1 cells in Ca2+-free solution and after depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ with thapsigargin (10μM). These pharmacologic agents also depolarize HL-1 cell mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, by on-cell voltage clamp we show that 9-phenanthrol reversibly inhibits membrane current; by fluorescence immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that HL-1 cells display punctate surface labeling with TRPM4 antibody; and by immunoblotting using this antibody we show these cells express a 130-150kDa protein, as expected for TRPM4. We conclude that 9-phenanthrol inhibits TRPM4 ion channels in HL-1 cells, which in turn decreases Ca2+ oscillations followed by a compensatory increase in [Ca2+]i from an intracellular store other than the sarcoplasmic reticulum. We speculate that the most likely source is the mitochondrion.

Telomeres are important structural and functional components of chromosomes, serving to provide stability and enabling full replication of the chromosomes. However, a shortening of the telomeres occurs with each cell division that can be fixed by a polymerase activity provided by telomerase, preventing this loss which would otherwise eventually lead to chromosome end-to-end fusions, senescence and cell death. The telomerase activity is present in stem cells and germ line cells, but absent or barely noticeable in adult somatic cells. However, in approximately 80-90% of transformed somatic cells the telomerase activity is recovered, resulting in a "telomerase positive phenotype". This phenotype has been a prime target in cancer research, and recently a novel mechanism for regulating telomerase levels has been uncovered. Makorin 1 RING finger protein (MKRN1) was found to be an E3 ubiquitin ligase for hTERT, the rate-limiting catalytic component of telomerase, leading to the ubiqutin-mediated 26s proteasomal degradation of hTERT and reduced telomerase activity. So, MKRN1 plays a role in telomere homeostasis. In this study we looked at the expression of MKRN1 in numerous tumor cell lines (Hela, HCT116, HL60) and the normal diploid fibroblasts (WI-38). In the latter cell line, basal levels of MKRN1 were found to increase 6-fold when the cells were serum starved and arrested in G1/G0. In contrast, the cancer cell lines expressed MKRN1 at low levels or undetectable. This would indicate that MKRN1 is up-regulated in resting or G1 arrested cells.In one cell line the promyelocytic leukemia, HL-60, showed no protein levels of MKRN1. This cell line is able to be terminally differentiated upon ATRA treatment, when cells are arrested at G1. In this model system of cellular differentiation hTERT mRNA levels and telomerase activity decrease drastically and quickly. We hypothesized that the differentiation of HL-60 induced by ATRA would be accompanied by an increase in MKRN1 levels. MKRN1 mRNA and protein levels were strongly up-regulated during the ATRA-mediated differentiation of HL-60 cells. Although, a decrease in hTERT mRNA is a contributor to telomerase inhibition during cellular differentiation; our data indicate that the up-regulation of MKRN1 ensures the effective removal of residual telomerase activity by the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway at the proteasome.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Cordiaquinona J à uma 1,4-naftoquinona isolada das raÃzes de Cordia leucocephala, que apresenta atividade antifÃngica e larvicida. No entanto, nÃo hà relatos quanto a sua atividade citotÃxica. No presente estudo, foi investigado os efeitos citotÃxicos da cordiaquinona J sobre a viabilidade de cÃlulas tumorais, cujo valores de CI50 variaram de 2,7 a 6,6 &#956;M em cÃlulas de HL-60 e SF-295 respectivamente. Estudos realizados em cÃlulas leucÃmicas de HL-60 indicaram que a cordiaquinona J (1,5 e 3,0 &#956;M) reduziu a viabilidade celular e a incorporaÃÃo do BrdU apÃs 24 horas de incubaÃÃo. AlÃm disso, a cordiaquinona J mostrou rÃpida induÃÃo de apoptose, como indicado pela externalizaÃÃo da fosfatidilserina, ativaÃÃo de caspases, fragmentaÃÃo do DNA e mudanÃas morfolÃgicas, alÃm de uma rÃpida induÃÃo de necrose, como indicado pela perda da integridade de membrana e mudanÃas morfolÃgicas. Cordiaquinona J altera o potencial redox de cÃlulas tumorais por induzir geraÃÃo de espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio e perda do potencial da membrana mitocondrial como eventos iniciais. AlÃm disso, o prÃ-tratamento das cÃlulas com N-acetil-L-cisteÃna (NAC) aboliu a maioria dos efeitos observados relacionados ao tratamento com a cordiaquinona J, incluindo os efeitos relacionados a induÃÃo de apoptose e de necrose, sugerindo que a citotoxidade dessa molÃcula està relacionada a geraÃÃo de EROs. Assim, o presente estudo ressalta o potencial antitumoral da Cordiaquinona J. / Cordiaquinone J is a 1,4-naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of C. leucocephala, with antifungal and larvicidal activities. Nonetheless the cytotoxic effects of cordiaquinone J have never being explored. In the present study, it was investigated the effect of cordiaquinone J on tumor cells viability, showing IC50 values in the range of 2.7 to 6.6 &#956;M in HL-60 and SF-295, respectively. Studies performed in HL-60 leukemia cells indicated that cordiaquinone J (1.5 and 3 &#956;M) reduced cell viability and BrdU incorporation after 24 hours of incubation. Cordiaquinone J showed rapid induction of apoptosis, as indicated by phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and morphologic changes and, rapid induction of necrosis, as indicated by the loss of membrane integrity and morphologic changes. Cordiaquinone J altered the redox potential of tumor cells by inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as initial events. The pretreatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abolished most of the observed effects related to cordiaquinone J treatment, including those related to apoptosis and necrosis induction. Thus, present results highlight the antitumor potential of cordiaquinona J.

nÃo hà / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Moringa oleifera Lam. à uma planta tropical com grande importÃncia por seus usos medicinais. VÃrios compostos jà foram isolados de diferentes partes da planta, e dentre as atividades farmacolÃgicas podemos destacar a antitumoral. Este trabalho determinou, inicialmente, a atividade citotÃxica, por MTT, do composto 4-(4&#8242;-O-acetil-&#945;-L-ramnopiranosiloxi)benzil isotiocianato (MFLC-1), frente a linhagem leucÃmica de HL-60 e cÃlulas mononucleadas isoladas de sangue perifÃrico (CMSP) apÃs 24h de incubaÃÃo. O composto mostrou-se ativo contra cÃlulas tumorais de HL-60 e CMSP, onde apresentou uma ligeira seletividade para as cÃlulas tumorais. Os estudos acerca do mecanismo de aÃÃo da atividade citotÃxica foi aprofundado em cÃlulas HL-60 apÃs 24 horas de incubaÃÃo com e sem prÃ-incubaÃÃo com &#945;-tocoferol (40&#956;M) atravÃs dos seguintes ensaios: 1- MensuraÃÃo do estresse oxidativo atravÃs do TBARS; 2- ColoraÃÃo por May-Grunwald-Giemsa; 3- AvaliaÃÃo da integridade de membrana, viabilidade celular e concentraÃÃo de cÃlulas; 4- DeterminaÃÃo do conteÃdo de DNA nuclear da cÃlula; 5- DeterminaÃÃo da externalizaÃÃo da fosfatidilserina em cÃlulas HL-60; 6- DeterminaÃÃo da ativaÃÃo de caspases iniciadoras (-8 e -9) e efetoras (-3 e -7). O composto induziu estresse oxidativo, diminuiu o nÃmero de cÃlulas e a viabilidade celular e induziu ativaÃÃo de caspases iniciadoras (8 e 9) e efetoras (3 e 7). Na anÃlise das cÃlulas coradas por May-Grunwald-Giemsa, podemos observar caracterÃsticas morfolÃgicas sugestivas de morte celular por apoptose seguida de necrose secundÃria na maior concentraÃÃo (1,4&#956;g/mL). Quando prÃ-incubamos as cÃlulas de HL-60 com &#945;-tocoferol (40&#956;M), todas as caracterÃsticas, tanto bioquÃmicas quanto morfolÃgicas, sÃo suprimidas indicando um importante papel do estresse oxidativo na induÃÃo de morte celular promovida pelo composto MFLC-1. A genotoxicidade do MFLC-1 foi determinada em cÃlulas HL-60 e CMSP apÃs 24h de incubaÃÃo, onde observamos a formaÃÃo de ligaÃÃes cruzadas (cross-links) no DNA, o que foi revertido pela exposiÃÃo das cÃlulas tratadas a proteinase K. Dessa forma, observamos um aumento do Ãndice de dano ao DNA com o aumento da concentraÃÃo, indicando a formaÃÃo de cross-link do tipo DNA-proteÃna. TambÃm observamos que o composto à mais genotÃxico para as cÃlulas tumorais que as normais. O efeito antitumoral (in vivo) do MFLC-1 foi analisado em camundongos transplantados com o tumor Sarcoma 180 e tratados nas doses de 25 e 50 mg/Kg/dia por via intraperitoneal. A inibiÃÃo do crescimento tumoral foi de 55,11% e 71,58% nas doses testadas de 25 e 50mg/Kg, respectivamente. A anÃlise histopatolÃgica dos ÃrgÃos dos animais mostrou que MFLC-1 provoca efeitos tÃxicos moderados, principalmente no fÃgado e no baÃo, mas esses podem ser considerados como reversÃveis.