Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Bernard Herman, Dept. of Art History. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Arch.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-81). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Current regulatory and other policy trends in housing refurbishment relating to low-carbon performance standards tend to involve complex technologies and systems as well as innovative solutions to achieve 80% emissions reduction in line with the UK national target for 2050. Indicators of domestic energy performance tend to assume ideal performance of materials, complex systems and services, and that they are installed to high standards and under specific conditions, as well as rational occupant behaviour and interactions. Previous studies exploring the influence of socio-technical factors on the UK's domestic energy use highlight that one of the main reasons for under-performance of individual projects is the lack of understanding of how people interact with domestic technology. Considering this, and given that there is still little evidence on deep refurbishments that implement low-carbon 'whole house' approaches in the UK, this research explored occupants' interaction with heating and ventilation measures as these were designed, installed and operated. The main concern was to identify the type of interactions that occur between occupants (social housing tenants) and building systems (mainly low-carbon heating and ventilation systems), and how that influences actual energy use. Using a sample of 26 social housing properties involved in the Retrofit for the Future competition in the UK, the study employed an socio-technical mixed methods approach, in which qualitative and quantitative empirical data were explored together, cross-checking occupants' 'doings' and 'sayings'. A combination of theories was used to analyse the complex interrelated factors involved in users' interaction with building systems. The analysis identifies key factors that affect significantly occupants' everyday practices and their interactions with the new measures: thermal comfort and pastexperiences with measures and controls; knowledge and skills (of both occupants and those involved in the project); design of the technical interventions (systems/measures) and quality of their installation. The findings from this research showed that active measures (such as intelligent and conventional heating controls, MVHR boosters, etc.) fostered direct interaction with active users when there were no design or installation faults. On the contrary, low-carbon measures that are designed and installed to be passive (such as MVHR systems operation) tend, in practice, to involve indirect interactions with active users. The research findings provide an insight into the 'in-use' factors, demonstrating to policy makers and implementers of mass refurbishment programmes the need for a framework where critical combinations of different measures and design solutions are targeted on specific house types, locations and households, in order to achieve maximum savings. Higher standards in installation of the new measures and improved quality control are also found to be a key part of refurbishment policies.

Com o objetivo de evidenciar o entendimento da preservação da arquitetura moderna como patrimônio cultural, o trabalho centrou-se no estudo de um grupo de obras residenciais de arquitetura moderna, realizadas no município de São Paulo entre os anos 1950 até meados dos anos 1970, que sofreram intervenções a partir da década de 1990. Essas intervenções originaram-se de projetos arquitetônicos contemporâneos que consideraram as edificações existentes como patrimônios arquitetônicos, mesmo que não sejam edificações tombadas pelos órgãos oficiais de patrimônio cultural (municipal, estadual e federal). A pesquisa, ao examinar alguns exemplos concretos (projetos específicos), refletiu sobre um campo disciplinar de atuação do arquiteto que vem crescendo ao longo das últimas duas décadas: a intervenção em edificações existentes visando sua recuperação, consolidação ou restauro. Para viabilizar o embasamento necessário à contextualização das obras e das análises realizadas, foi possível verificar o processo de consolidação da arquitetura moderna paulista, seja através de sua historiografia, seja através dos estudos que a caracterizam como patrimônio cultural, evidenciando as especificidades para sua salvaguarda, conservação e intervenção, além de examinarem suas relações com os critérios teórico-metodológicos vigentes. Através desses pressupostos, analisamos - com o apoio de diagramas, desenhos executivos e fotos - três casas ícones da arquitetura moderna paulista: residência Olga Baeta, residência Mário Masetti e residência Fernando Millan - a primeira de autoria de Vilanova Artigas projetada em 1957 e as duas subsequentes de Paulo Mendes da Rocha, projetadas em 1969 e 1970, respectivamente - a fim de ressaltar não só a importância desses projetos como Bens Culturais, mas procurando identificar instrumentos técnico-operacionais diretamente ligados ao campo da preservação e avaliar seus resultados. / Aiming to demonstrate an understanding of the preservation of modern architecture as cultural heritage, the work focused on the study of a group of modern architecture residential works, built in São Paulo from the 1950\'s until the mid-1970\'s, which were intervened starting from the 1990\'s. Such interventions are the results of contemporary architectural projects that considered the existing buildings as architectural cultural heritage, even if the buildings were not considered so by official agencies (municipal, state, and federal). The research, when examining some concrete examples (specific projects), reflected a disciplinary field of expertise of the architect, which has grown over the past two decades: the intervention in existing buildings, aiming at their renovation, consolidation, or restoration. In order to enable the necessary foundation to contextualize the work and the performed analyses was possible to verify the consolidation process of modern paulista architecture. This was done either through its historiography or through studies that characterize it a cultural heritage, highlighting the specifics for protection, conservation, and intervention, besides examining their relationships with existing theoretical and methodological criteria. Through these assumptions, we analyzed - with the help of diagrams, technical drawings, and photos - three iconic houses of modern paulista architecture: Olga Baeta Residence, Mario Masetti Residence and Fernando Millan Residence. The first residence was designed by Vilanova Artigas in 1957 and the other two by Paul Mendes da Rocha in 1969 and 1970, respectively. We aimed to emphasize not only their importance as Cultural Property, but to identify technical and operational tools directly related to the preservation field and evaluate their results.

Com o objetivo de evidenciar o entendimento da preservação da arquitetura moderna como patrimônio cultural, o trabalho centrou-se no estudo de um grupo de obras residenciais de arquitetura moderna, realizadas no município de São Paulo entre os anos 1950 até meados dos anos 1970, que sofreram intervenções a partir da década de 1990. Essas intervenções originaram-se de projetos arquitetônicos contemporâneos que consideraram as edificações existentes como patrimônios arquitetônicos, mesmo que não sejam edificações tombadas pelos órgãos oficiais de patrimônio cultural (municipal, estadual e federal). A pesquisa, ao examinar alguns exemplos concretos (projetos específicos), refletiu sobre um campo disciplinar de atuação do arquiteto que vem crescendo ao longo das últimas duas décadas: a intervenção em edificações existentes visando sua recuperação, consolidação ou restauro. Para viabilizar o embasamento necessário à contextualização das obras e das análises realizadas, foi possível verificar o processo de consolidação da arquitetura moderna paulista, seja através de sua historiografia, seja através dos estudos que a caracterizam como patrimônio cultural, evidenciando as especificidades para sua salvaguarda, conservação e intervenção, além de examinarem suas relações com os critérios teórico-metodológicos vigentes. Através desses pressupostos, analisamos - com o apoio de diagramas, desenhos executivos e fotos - três casas ícones da arquitetura moderna paulista: residência Olga Baeta, residência Mário Masetti e residência Fernando Millan - a primeira de autoria de Vilanova Artigas projetada em 1957 e as duas subsequentes de Paulo Mendes da Rocha, projetadas em 1969 e 1970, respectivamente - a fim de ressaltar não só a importância desses projetos como Bens Culturais, mas procurando identificar instrumentos técnico-operacionais diretamente ligados ao campo da preservação e avaliar seus resultados. / Aiming to demonstrate an understanding of the preservation of modern architecture as cultural heritage, the work focused on the study of a group of modern architecture residential works, built in São Paulo from the 1950\'s until the mid-1970\'s, which were intervened starting from the 1990\'s. Such interventions are the results of contemporary architectural projects that considered the existing buildings as architectural cultural heritage, even if the buildings were not considered so by official agencies (municipal, state, and federal). The research, when examining some concrete examples (specific projects), reflected a disciplinary field of expertise of the architect, which has grown over the past two decades: the intervention in existing buildings, aiming at their renovation, consolidation, or restoration. In order to enable the necessary foundation to contextualize the work and the performed analyses was possible to verify the consolidation process of modern paulista architecture. This was done either through its historiography or through studies that characterize it a cultural heritage, highlighting the specifics for protection, conservation, and intervention, besides examining their relationships with existing theoretical and methodological criteria. Through these assumptions, we analyzed - with the help of diagrams, technical drawings, and photos - three iconic houses of modern paulista architecture: Olga Baeta Residence, Mario Masetti Residence and Fernando Millan Residence. The first residence was designed by Vilanova Artigas in 1957 and the other two by Paul Mendes da Rocha in 1969 and 1970, respectively. We aimed to emphasize not only their importance as Cultural Property, but to identify technical and operational tools directly related to the preservation field and evaluate their results.