That marginalized discourse communities practice differing modes of communication is a claim recently argued; critics have focused on the trope of metonymy as a means of signifying a discriminated-against group's silenced status within the mainstream society. What seems to be ignored in this discussion is how differing media--literature, music, painting--constitute texts that cut across discursive space (the site of these media) in a similar fashion. By positing the intertextuality (i.e., the similarity) of psycholinguistic metonymy and jazz phraseology, this thesis demonstrates how literary texts issuing from marginalized discourse communities can speak their subjectivities' full names. In Langston Hughes' "The Blues I'm Playing," metonymy and jazz serve as methods of analysis which show the subject-object relationship in artistic production. Jack Kerouac's On The Road constitutes a narrative subjectivity that, like jazz music, metonymically disrupts itself as silences speak from the realm of an Other. By accounting for the similarities between metonymy and jazz, this thesis asserts that more accurate readings can be derived from literature issuing from discourse communities which use jazz to signify. / Department of English

Ce mémoire considère l'évolution des stéréotypes racistes et sexistes qui sont contestés dans trois œuvres littéraires afro-américaines, soit Not Without Laughter de Langston Hughes, The Bluest Eye de Toni Morrison et Citizen : An American Lyric de Claudia Rankine. L'analyse de ces livres vise à déterminer comment la double contrainte des femmes noires sous-tend les stéréotypes et préjugés qui sont apparus pendant l'esclavage et qui persistent dans la culture du vingt-et-unième siècle. Ces stéréotypes, tels que la Mammy, la Jezebel ou la femme en colère, ont été créés et maintenus afin de fournir une justification idéologique à la marginalisation et à l'exploitation des femmes noires. De plus, ils ont servi à soutenir les intérêts et objectifs de la société blanche patriarcale telle que manifestée aux États-Unis à travers le temps. Encore aujourd'hui, ces images discriminatoires et non représentatives contribuent à la perpétuation du racisme et du sexisme, et continuent de contrôler le corps, l'esprit, et la sexualité des femmes noires aux États-Unis. À travers une analyse chronologique des œuvres, publiées respectivement en 1930, 1970, et 2014, mon argumentaire postule que les performances de féminité noire étudiées dans chaque roman révèlent un désir de contester et réfuter ces stéréotypes, s'avérant ainsi des actes de résistance et d'autodétermination. Mon approche, éclairée par les théories de l'intersectionnalité et du féminisme noir, étudie la manière dont Hughes, Morrison, et Rankine revisitent, remettent en question, et déconstruisent les stéréotypes raciaux afin de mettre en évidence la multiplicité des identités féminines Afro-Américaines et ainsi, rejeter la fausse perception monolithique des femmes noires. / This thesis investigates the evolution of racist and sexist stereotypes forced onto black women in three African American works: Langston Hughes's Morrison's The Bluest Eye , and Claudia Rankine's Not Without Laughter Citizen: An American Lyric , Toni . The thesis aims to show the pervasiveness of the double bind of African American women that emerged during slavery and that persists in the culture of the twenty-first century as the Mammy, the Jezebel, or the angry black woman, among . Stereotypes, such others, were created and maintained to provide an ideological justification for the marginalization and exploitation of black women, which, in turn, were used to support the interests of the white mainstream and patriarchal society. To this day, these cont rolling images black female body, mind, and sexuality perpetuate racism and regulate the in the United States. Through a chronological analysis of the works, respectively published in 1930, 1970, and 2014, my argumentation posits that the chosen iterations of black womanhood talk back to their racial heritage, a vexed history of misrepresentation and misconception, thereby allowing for new performances and scripts of the black female self to be inscribed in culture. My approach to this thesis, grounded in theorizations related to intersectionality and black feminism, demonstrates that Hughes, Morrison, and Rankine revisit, challenge, and deconstruct racial stereotypes to highlight the multiplicity of African American female identities and, ultimately, reject the monolithic perception of black women.

This thesis analyzes three of the plays inspired by the Haitian Revolution and written by black playwrights. The first chapter covers William Edgar Easton’s Dessalines, a Dramatic Tale: A Single Chapter from Haiti’s History. It discusses Easton’s decision to depict Dessalines as a man of faith, a believer, a Christian. The second chapter employs Langston Hughes’ play, Troubled Island, to argue Dessalines’ modernity. The third play, by Saint Lucian playwright Derek Walcott, is The Haitian Earth. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of his play and its contribution to black consciousness. I propose that the revolution plays a major role in World History, and argue that the Haitian Revolution served as a looking glass to many African Americans in search of a black identity. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Musical ekphrasis was occurring in the twentieth century in different centers around the world, Cuba: Andalusia, Spain; and Harlem, New York, simultaneously. The writers at the heart of this movement used poetry about music as a means to celebrate the cultures of the marginalized people in their lands, los negros, los gitanos, and African-Americans. The purpose of this study is to define musical ekphrasis and identify it in the works of Nicolás Guillén, Federico García Lorca, and Langston Hughes. Also explored are the common characteristics in ekphrastic poetry by the three poets and the common themes found in their ekphrastic poetry, as well as common influences. Each author is considered in the context of his surroundings and his respective culture, and how that influenced his musical tastes as well as his writing style.

In “Documents of Revolution” I compare various non-fiction prose genres with incipient journalistic media, including scrapbooks, photographs, films and radio poems, to explore the new internationalisms that emerged during the Spanish Civil War. Many studies of the war have prioritized visiting authors and their experience of travelling Spain. By contrast, I show how local critics, writers, and poets, such as the anarchist filmmaker Mateo Santos, the memoirist María Teresa León, and the poet Miguel Hernández, were crucial intermediaries between Spanish working-class oral cultures and foreign visiting authors, such as George Orwell, Nancy Cunard, Langston Hughes and Nicolás Guillén. I describe three modes of relation between intellectual elites and the working class: occupying, broadcasting, and archiving. By reading for the living internationalism of the working-class, I unearth various internationalisms (anarchist, Black Hispanophone, and feminist-humanitarian) that have not received due attention. These overlapping networks and diasporas ensured that the revolutionary and multimedia documentary poetics of the war disseminated far beyond Spain’s borders.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Cotidianamente los profesores se hacen esta pregunta: ¿cómo pueden relacionarse mis estudiantes con la lección? Saben que si los estudiantes pudieran acoplarse con el contenido de la lección, entenderían y aprenderían con gran eficacia. En la mayoría de los distritos escolares urbanos de Indianapolis, Estados Unidos hay muchos estudiantes afroamericanos que están en clases de lengua extranjera que piensan que no existen atributos de conexión --como tradiciones y costumbres-- que tienen aspectos en común con sus propias culturas. Por otro lado, hay estudiantes afrolatinos que son nativos de esas lenguas pero a quienes no se les expone a elementos que pertenecen a su cultura o herencia. Esta investigación se enfocará en cómo los profesores pueden utilizar la poesía para enseñar una lengua extranjera; específicamente, cómo se puede utilizar la poesía afrocubana para vincular la lección a los estudiantes minoritarios y su cultura.