繼網際網路蓬勃發展後，人們的工作與生活更為便利。雲端運算問世之後，更多企業與個人將雲端運算做資料備份與發佈的平台。企業使用雲端的方式有以下三種：即公有雲、私有雲及混合雲。企業使用公有雲(Public Cloud)將服務與資料儲存交由雲端提供商託管，例如使用Google Docs、G-mail，以減少企業內部的成本。企業亦可建置私有雲(Private Cloud)，以提供檔案備援與內部服務。另外，企業可結合公有雲與私有雲以構成混合雲(Hybrid Cloud)，即使用公有雲儲存敏感度不高之資料並將敏感度較高的資料存至私有雲或本地端。 本研究將探討企業在使用混合雲時遇到的帳號以及檔案內容與授權問題，實作上公有雲應用服務以Google Docs為例、私有雲以Hadoop為例、本地端則以Linux-base電腦為例。本研究使用開放標準OpenID 與O’Auth達到對公有雲的帳號認證、檔案授權，以開發出一個跨本地端電腦或私有雲與公有雲帳號與檔案內容權限之管理與同步系統。本系統可解決在公有雲、私有雲與企業內部系統多重帳號的困擾與企業人員外部存取與內部存取時的權限不足或檔案版本不同的問題。 / Drawing on the rapidly growing Internet technology, people now work and live in a more convenient way. Due to the progress of cloud computing, more and more companies as well as people are using cloud computing as a platform in order to backup and publish data. There are three ways that how enterprises deploy cloud computing: public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud. In order to reduce costs, enterprises now days store their data using public cloud and entrust to the public cloud providers, such as using Google Docs, G-mail. Enterprises can also build private clouds to provide files and internal services backup. In addition, enterprises are able to combine public cloud and private cloud into hybrid cloud. We are used to store less sensitive data on the public cloud, while using private cloud or local storage to store highly sensitive data. This study aims to design a system that can solve the problems regarding authentication, file content synchronization and authorization, while enterprises benefit by using hybrid cloud storage. System is designed by taking Google Docs as an example for the public cloud, Hadoop as the example for private cloud, and Linux-base computer as an example for local storage. This research addresses the open standard, namely: “OpenID” and “O’Auth”, in order to solve data content and non-consistency permission between public cloud, private cloud and local hosts.

隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展、雲端運算的興起，各種公有雲端服務林立，企業組織擁有更多不同的選擇與更經濟的解決方案，因此也願意投入更多花費在公有雲上。其中，最重要的一項服務為檔案同步與分享服務(File Synchronization and Sharing, FSS)，其可為企業組織帶來生產力，但在無法完全信任公有雲端服務的情況下，在檔案管理及服務上勢必會採用混合雲部署，私有雲端環境用來處理敏感度較高的資料而敏感度較低的檔案及文件才會採用公有雲端服務。 本研究將探討在混合雲環境下會遇到的使用者多重帳號及身分，以及檔案一致性的問題。我們提出一套整合不同雲端平台帳號的架構和方法，在檔案同步上，設計出三次同步訊息交換和兩階段同步的機制，並且架構出一個入口網站(Portal)服務，根據以上設計架構，實作出一個在混合雲環境，跨本地端、公有雲與私有雲的雲端帳號整合，檔案權限管理與同步之系統，最終可以解決在混合雲環境，不同雲端平台多重帳號的困擾，並可以維持不同裝置和雲端之間檔案資料和權限一致性。本研究最後針對實作出的系統之三大功能模組進行測試，驗證本系統各元件模組的正確性和穩定性，測試結果都是通過的；也針對公、私有雲端，測試檔案同步時間，衡量各種大小檔案同步所需要花費的時間，驗證本系統的效能和實用性。 / As rapid growth of cloud computing and Internet, there are variety public cloud service providers on the market, and enterprises will have more choices and economical IT solutions, therefore, they are willing to spend more on public cloud. Although, the most significant of cloud-based productivity services is file synchronization and sharing, enterprises cannot fully trust public cloud, they will deploy file management system with hybrid cloud which they store less sensitive data on public cloud and highly sensitive data on private cloud. This study aim to design a system on hybrid cloud deployment that can solve the problems regarding too many online accounts and synchronize data and permissions between different devices and cloud to maintain consistency. We propose a method to integrate accounts on different cloud and design a mechanize of file synchronization which contains three steps messages flows and two stages synchronization to implement the system, otherwise, we also create a portal service. Last but not least, we test three main modules of the system to verify correctness and stability and the results are all pass. Also, we measure the synchronization time of files with different size to verify effectiveness and practicality.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

A presente tese de doutorado propõe uma arquitetura de cloud broker para ambientes de computação em nuvem híbrida. Um cloud broker tem o objetivo de executar a mediação entre clientes e provedores, recebendo requisições dos clientes e encaminhando-as ao serviço do provedor que melhor se adaptar aos requisitos de qualidade de serviço (QoS) solicitados. A arquitetura de broker de serviços com QoS proposta denomina-se QBroker, características de implementação de seu modo de operação bem como sua interação com os recursos virtuais de um ambiente de nuvem são apresentadas. O modelo de nuvem considerado foi o de nuvem híbrida com uma caracterização de arquitetura orientada a serviços (SOA) na qual serviços remotos são disponibilizados aos clientes. A política de escalonamento de tarefas desenvolvida para o QBroker foi a de intermediação de serviços, considerando tratativas de QoS, diferenciação das instâncias de serviços (SOA) e alocação dinâmica de serviços. Além disso, toda a caracterização do modo de operação do QBroker foi baseada no conceito de intermediação do modelo de referência de nuvem do NIST. O componente QBroker foi introduzido numa arquitetura de computação em nuvem BEQoS (Bursty Energy and Quality of Service), desenvolvida no Laboratório de Sistemas Distribuídos e Programação Concorrente do ICMC-USP de São Carlos. Avaliações de desempenho para a implementação da arquitetura QBroker foram conduzidas por meio de programas de simulação com uso da API do simulador CloudSim e da arquitetura CloudSim-BEQoS. Três cenários experimentais foram avaliados e, segundo a análise de resultados efetuada, foi possível validar que as características arquiteturais implementadas no QBroker resultaram em significativo impacto nas variáveis de resposta consideradas. Assim, foi possível comprovar que o uso do QBroker como mecanismo de mediação em ambientes de nuvem híbrida com SOA promoveu ganhos em desempenho para o sistema de nuvem e permitiu melhoria na qualidade dos serviços oferecidos. / This doctoral thesis proposes a cloud broker architecture for hybrid cloud computing environments. A cloud broker aims to perform mediation between clients and providers, receiving customer requests and forwarding them to the service provider that best suits the requested QoS requirements. The broker architecture services with QoS proposal is called QBroker. Implementation features of its mode of operation as well as its interaction with the virtual resources from a cloud environment are presented. The cloud deployment model was considered a hybrid cloud with a characterization of service-oriented architecture (SOA) in which remote services are available to customers. The task scheduling policy developed for QBroker was the intermediation of services, considering negotiations of QoS, differentiation of services instances and dynamic allocation of services. Moreover, the entire characterization of QBroker operation mode is based on the intermediation concept of the NIST cloud reference model. The QBroker component was introduced into a cloud computing architecture BEQoS (Bursty, Energy and Quality of Service), developed in the Laboratory of Distributed Systems and Concurrent Programming at ICMC-USP. Performance evaluations analysis the of results of QBroker architecture were conducted through simulation programs using the CloudSim simulator API and CloudSim-BEQoS architecture. Three experimental scenarios were evaluated and, according to analysis of the results, it was possible to validate that the architectural features implemented in QBroker resulted in significant impact on response variables considered. Thus, it was possible to prove that the use of QBroker as mediation mechanism in hybrid cloud environments with SOA promoted performance gains for the cloud system and allowed improvement in the quality of services offered.

Goal of this thesis is to provide a summary of information connected to cloud project management. The thesis describes, what cloud is, what types of cloud there are and also describes project management methodologies and their specifics. In the practical part of this thesis one of the methodologies is applied to a practical project. The thesis contains also a summary of practical information about cloud projects and risks associated with cloud projects.

Migration to the cloud has been a popular topic in industry and academia in recent years. Despite many benefits that the cloud presents, such as high availability and scalability, most of the on-premise application architectures are not ready to fully exploit the benefits of this environment, and adapting them to this environment is a non-trivial task.Therefore, many organizations consider a gradual process of moving to the cloud with Hybrid Cloud architecture. In this paper, the author is making an effort of analyzing particular enterprise case in cloud migration topics like cloud deployment, cloud architecture and cloud management.This paper aims to identify, classify, and compare existing challenges in cloud migration, illustrate approaches to resolve these challenges and discover the best practices in cloud adoption and process of conversion teams to the cloud.

This thesis describes existing cloud storage systems. Description of the prerequisites of developing cloud and distributed systems are presented. Current storage systems such as Dropbox, iCloud and Google drive are described. Description is mainly focused on the resources of both protocols and derive a conclusion for the use in the cloud storage systems. The practical part of this work is focused on creating two labs, what will be implemented in the teaching syllabus of Projecting, Administration and Security of Computer Networks subject. The first of the labs is focused on the implementation of own cloud services. In the last lab students attention will concentrate on interception of communication secured with SSL protocol.

Cloud Computing (CC) is one of the fast growing computer network technologies and many companies offer their services through cloud network. Cloud Computing has many properties with respect to the existing traditional service provisions like scalability, availability, fault tolerance, capability and so on which are supported by many IT companies like Google, Amazon, Salesforce.com. These IT companies have more chances to adapt their services into a new environment, known as Cloud computing systems. There are many cloud computing services which are being provided by many IT companies.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate which cloud environment (public, private and hybrid) and services (Infrastructure as a Service, Software as a Service, and Platform as a Service) are suitable for Swedish Armed Forces (SWAF) with respect to performance, security, cost, flexibility and functionality. SWAF is using private (internal) cloud for communications where both sensitive and non-sensitive information are located in the internal cloud. There are problems like maintenance of hardware, cost issues and secure communication while maintaining the private cloud. In order to overcome those problems we have suggested a hybrid and community cloud environment and SaaS, IaaS, PaaS services for SWAF.For suggesting these cloud environments and cloud services we have performed a literature study and two empirical studies (survey and interviews) with different organizations.A new cloud model is designed based on the suggested cloud environment, separate storage spaces for sensitive and non-sensitive information, suitable services and an effective infrastructure for sharing the internal information for SWAF.