Im Folgenden werden Transferprozesse in Nanohybridsystemen theoretisch untersucht. Diese Hybridsysteme sind vielversprechende Kandidaten für neue optoelektronische Anwendungen und erfahren daher ein erhebliches Forschungsinteresse. Jedoch beschränken sich Arbeiten darüber hauptsächlich auf experimentelle Untersuchungen und kaum auf die dazugehörige theoretische Beschreibung. Bei den theoretischen Betrachtungen treten entscheidende Limitierungen auf. Es werden entweder Details auf der atomaren Ebene vernachlässigt oder Systemgrößen betrachtet, die wesentlich kleiner als im Experiment sind. Diese Thesis zeigt, wie die bestehenden Theorien verbessert werden können und erweitert die bisherigen Untersuchungen durch die Betrachtung von vier neuen hoch relevanten Nanohybridsystemen. Das erste System ist eine Nanostruktur, die aus einem Au-Kern und einer CdS-Schale besteht. Beim zweiten System wurde eine ZnO/Para-Sexiphenyl Nanogrenzfläche untersucht. Die zwei anderen Systeme beinhalten jeweils einen CdSe-Nanokristall, der entweder mit einem Pheophorbide-a-Molekül oder mit einem röhrenförmigen Farbstoffaggregat wechselwirkt. In allen Systemen ist der Anregungsenergie-Transfer ein entscheidender Transfermechanismus und steht im Fokus dieser Arbeit. Die betrachteten Hybridsysteme bestehen aus zehntausenden Atomen und machen daher eine individuelle Berechnung der einzelnen Subsysteme sowie deren gegenseitiger Wechselwirkung notwendig. Die Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen werden mit der Tight-Binding-Methode und der Methode der Konfigurationswechselwirkung beschrieben. Für das molekulare System wird die Dichtefunktionaltheorie verwendet. Die dazugehörigen Rechnungen wurden von T. Plehn ausgeführt. Das metallische Nanoteilchen wird durch quantisierte Plasmon-Moden beschrieben. Die verwendeten Theorien ermöglichen eine Berechnung von Anregungsenergietransfer in Nanohybridsystemen von bisher nicht gekannter Systemgröße und Detailgrad. / In the following, transfer phenomena in nanohybrid systems are investigated theoretically. Such hybrid systems are promising candidates for novel optoelectronic devices and have attracted considerable interest. Despite a vast amount of experimental studies, only a small number of theoretical investigations exist so far. Furthermore, most of the theoretical work shows substantial limitations by either neglecting the atomistic details of the structure or drastically reducing the system size far below the typical device extension. The present thesis shows how existing theories can be improved. This thesis also expands previous theoretical investigations by developing models for four new and highly relevant nanohybrid systems. The first system is a spherical nanostructure consisting of an Au core and a CdS shell. By contrast, the second system resembles a finite nanointerface built up by a ZnO nanocrystal and a para-sexiphenyl aggregate. For the last two systems, a CdSe nanocrystal couples either to a pheophorbide-a molecule or to a tubular dye aggregate. In all of these systems, excitation energy transfer is an essential transfer mechanism and is, therefore, in the focus of this work. The considered hybrid systems consist of tens of thousands of atoms and, consequently, require an individual modeling of the constituents and their mutual coupling. For each material class, suitable methods are applied. The modeling of semiconductor nanocrystals is done by the tight-binding method, combined with a configuration interaction scheme. For the simulation of the molecular systems, the density functional theory is applied. T. Plehn performed the corresponding calculations. For the metal nanoparticle, a model based on quantized plasmon modes is utilized. As a consequence of these theories, excitation energy transfer calculations in hybrid systems are possible with unprecedented system size and complexity.

[ES] En el presente trabajo se explora posibles soluciones a dos hechos correlacionados que podrían comprometer hasta cierto punto nuestro futuro. Por un lado, el crecimiento de la flota de aeronaves pequeñas en los próximos años, ya sean tripuladas o no, es una realidad. El acceso a estas aeronaves por parte de un público cada vez más mayoritario crece año a año y, al mismo tiempo, los fabricantes adaptan sus aeronaves a misiones que hace unos años no éramos capaces de contemplar. Por otro lado, y por desgracia, el cambio climático también es una realidad que no solo compromete nuestro futuro, sino también nuestro presente. Hoy en día la alerta climática es y debe ser elevada, y si no encontramos soluciones que ayuden a paliar este problema, la vida en el planeta podría cambiar irremediablemente para peor. Ambos hechos se encuentran implícitamente relacionados. La fabricación y operación de vehículos contribuye notablemente a aumentar la huella de carbono. Por lo tanto, el aumento de flota en los próximos años puede tener un impacto notablemente negativo en las emisiones contaminantes y gases de efecto invernadero globales. Es por ello por lo que organismos oficiales y sectores de desarrollo científico y tecnológico impulsan la investigación de posibles soluciones. Este trabajo intenta poner su grano de arena para minimizar este problema común. Se propone la utilización de múltiples tecnologías con el objetivo de disminuir el combustible requerido por aeronaves de 25kg al despegue, y de esta forma, disminuir las emisiones asociadas a su operación. Las tecnologías aplicadas son la hibridación eléctrica en serie, la propulsión eléctrica distribuida y la ingestión de capa límite. Por separado, estas tecnologías han demostrado múltiples ventajas, especialmente en términos de mejora propulsiva y aerodinámica de las aeronaves, lo que repercute directamente en el consumo de combustible. Sin embargo, este trabajo propone la utilización simultánea de todas ellas con el objetivo de disminuir aún más el consumo de combustible y, por tanto, las emisiones contaminantes y gases de efecto invernadero. Para ello, tras estas páginas se eligen los parámetros principales de esta aeronave y se acompaña de un exhaustivo análisis del comportamiento fluidodinámico. Con la comprensión de su comportamiento, es posible optimizar la selección de sus componentes, de forma que se obtienen mejoras importantes en el consumo de combustible. Este ahorro de combustible se muestra en comparación con aeronaves similares en tamaño y peso, pero que no incluyen estas tecnologías, logrando para un mismo alcance un ahorro del 16% del peso del combustible. La realización de este trabajo se centra en el empleo de herramientas computacionales apoyándose sobre todo en la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD). Esta herramienta principal se verá complementada con el uso de descomposición modal para realizar los análisis y de la creación de una base de datos que ayude a crear modelos rápidos útiles en futuros diseños preliminares y conceptuales de aeronaves de este tipo. / [CA] En aquest treball s'exploren possibles solucions a dos fets correlacionats que podrien comprometre d'alguna manera el nostre futur. Per un costat, el creixement de la flota d'aeronaus de xicoteta dimensió en el futur, tant tripulades com no tripulades, és una realitat. L'accés a aquestes aeronaus per part d'un públic cada cop més majoritari creix any rere any i, al mateix temps, els fabricants adapten les aeronaus a feines que anys enrere no eren capaços d'assolir. Per l'altre costat, malauradament, el canvi climàtic és un fet que compromet tant el nostre futur com el nostre present. Hui en dia l'alerta climàtica és elevada i, si no trobem solucions per a pal·liar aquest problema la vida al nostre planeta, podria canviar irremeiablement a pitjor. Ambdós fets es troben implícitament relacionats. La fabricació i l'operació de vehicles contribueix notablement a augmentar l'empremta de carboni. Per tant, l'increment de flota en els pròxims anys pot tindre un efecte negatiu molt notable en les emissions contaminants i gasos d'efecte hivernacle globals. És per això que organismes oficials i sectors de desenvolupament científic i tecnològic impulsen la investigació de possibles solucions. Aquest treball intenta aportar el seu granet de sorra per minimitzar aquest problema comú. Es proposa la utilització de múltiples tecnologies amb l'objectiu de reduir el combustible emprat per aeronaus de fins a 25kg i, per tant, disminuir les emissions associades a la seua operació. Les tecnologies aplicades són la hibridació elèctrica en sèrie, la propulsió elèctrica distribuïda i la ingestió de capa límit. Separadament, aquestes tecnologies han demostrat múltiples avantatges, especialment en termes de millora propulsiva i aerodinàmica de les aeronaus, repercutint directament en el consum de combustible. No obstant, aquest treball proposa la utilització simultània de totes elles amb l'objectiu de reduir encara més el consum de combustible i, per tant, les emissions contaminants i gasos d'efecte hivernacle. Per fer-ho, en les darreres pàgines es trien els paràmetres principals de l'aeronau i s'acompanyen d'una exhaustiva anàlisi del comportament de la dinàmica de fluids. Comprenent el seu comportament, és possible optimitzar la selecció dels seus components, de manera que s'obtenen millores importants en el consum de combustible. L'estalvi de combustible es mostra en comparació amb aeronaus similars en mida i pes, però que no inclouen aquestes tecnologies, aconseguint per a un mínim abast un estalvi del 16% del pes del combustible. La realització d'aquest treball es centra en l'ús d'eines computacionals recolzant-se sobretot en la dinàmica de fluids computacional (CFD). Aquesta eina principal es veurà complementada amb l'ús de descomposició modal per a elaborar les anàlisis i de la creació d'una base de dades que ajude a crear models ràpids i útils en futurs dissenys conceptuals i preliminars d'aeronaus d'aquest tipus. / [EN] The present work explores possible solutions to two correlated events that could compromise our future to some extent. On the one hand, the growth of the fleet of small aircraft in the coming years, whether manned or not, is a reality. Access to these aircraft by an increasing majority of the public grows year after year and at the same time, manufacturers adapt their aircraft to missions that we could not contemplate a few years ago. On the other hand, and unfortunately, climate change is also a reality that compromises not only our future but also our present. Today the climate alert is and must be elevated. If we do not find solutions that help alleviate this problem, life on the planet could irremediably change for the worse. Both facts are implicitly related. The manufacture and operation of vehicles contribute significantly to increasing the carbon footprint, so the increase in the fleet in the coming years may have an extremely negative impact on global polluting and greenhouse gas emissions. That is why official organizations and scientific and technological development sectors promote research for possible solutions. This work tries to do its bit to minimize this common problem. Multiple technologies are proposed to reduce the fuel required by 25kg aircraft at takeoff and, thus, reduce the emissions associated with their operation. The applied technologies are electric series hybridization, distributed electric propulsion, and boundary layer ingestion. Separately, these technologies have shown multiple advantages, especially in terms of improving aircraft propulsion and aerodynamics, which directly affects fuel consumption. Nevertheless, this work proposes the simultaneous use of all of them to reduce fuel consumption further and, therefore, polluting and greenhouse gas emissions. To do this, after these pages, the main parameters of this aircraft are chosen and accompanied by an exhaustive analysis of the fluid dynamic behavior. With an understanding of its behavior, it is possible to optimize its components' selection so that significant fuel consumption improvements are obtained. This fuel saving is shown in comparison with similar aircraft in size and weight, but that does not include these technologies, achieving a saving of 16% of fuel weight for the same range. This work's conduction focuses on employing computational tools mainly based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This primary tool will be complemented by the use of modal decomposition to carry out the analyses, and the creation of a database that will help create quick models useful in future conceptual and preliminary designs of this type of aircraft. / The respondent would like to acknowledge the financial support received through contract FPI-UPV PREDOCFD/19 of Subprograma 2 of Universitat Politècnica de València / Varela Martínez, P. (2023). On the Analysis and Design of Series Hybrid Distributed Electric Propulsion with Boundary Layer Ingestion of Remotely Piloted Aircraft [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/192805

Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié les propriétés optiques de boîtes quantiques InAs/GaAs contenues dans un fil photonique. Des résultats antérieurs à cette thèse ont montré que ces fils photoniques permettent d’extraire les photons avec une efficacité très élevée.Le premier résultat original de ce travail est l’observation de la dérive temporelle de la raie d’émission de la photoluminescence d’une boîte quantique. Cet effet a été attribué à la lente modification de la charge de surface du fil due à l’absorption des molécules d’oxygène présentes dans le vide résiduel du cryostat. Nous avons montré qu’une fine couche de Si3N4 permettait de supprimer cette dérive. La dérive temporelle pouvant être différente pour différentes boites quantiques, nous avons pu tirer partie de cet effet pour mettre en résonance deux boites quantiques contenues dans le même fil.Le deuxième résultat original est la mise en évidence de la modification de l’énergie d’émission d’une boîte quantique soumise à une contrainte mécanique induite par la vibration du fil. Nous avons observé que le spectre de la raie d’émission d’une boîte quantique s’élargit considérablement lorsque le fil est mécaniquement excité à sa fréquence de résonance. A l’aide d’une illumination stroboscopique synchronisée avec l’excitation mécanique, nous avons pu reconstruire l’évolution du spectre d’une boîte quantique au cours d’une période de la vibration mécanique. L’amplitude de l’oscillation spectrale de la raie de luminescence dépend de la position de la boîte dans le fil à cause d’un très fort gradient de contrainte. En utilisant deux modes d’oscillation mécanique de polarisations linéaires et orthogonales, nous pouvons extraire une cartographie complète de la position des boîtes quantiques à l’intérieur du fil. Enfin, grâce à ce gradient, on peut, dans certains cas, trouver une position du fil pour laquelle deux boites quantiques peuvent être amenées en résonance. / In the framework of this thesis, single InAs/GaAs quantum dot devices were studied by optical means. Starting with a general description of self-assembled InAs QDs, two types of single QD devices were presented. The first approach was a tapered GaAs photonic wire embedding single InAs QDs whose efficiency as a single photon source was previously shown to be 90%. We investigated several optical properties of the single QDs. The charged and neutral states of the QD were identified and selectively excited using quasi-resonant excitation.The first original result of this thesis is the observation of a continuous temporal blue-drift of the QD emission energy. We attributed this blue drift to oxygen adsorption onto the sidewall of the wire, which modified the surface charge and hence the electric field seen by the QD. Moreover, we demonstrated that a proper coating of the GaAs photonic nanowire surface suppressed the drift. The temperature effect on this phenomenon revealed an adsorption peak around 20K, which corresponds to the adsorption of oxygen on GaAs. This observation is in good agreement with previous temperature studies with a tapered photonic wire. This was the first study of the spectral stability of photonic wires embedding QDs, crucial for resonant quantum optics experiments. As an alternative, we took advantage of this temporal drift to tune QD emission energies. In a controlled way, we tuned into resonance two different QDs which were embedded in the same photonic nanowire. In the last part of this work, we studied the influence of the stress on single QDs contained in a trumpet-like GaAs photonic wire. The main effect of stress is to shift the luminescence lines of a QD. We applied the stress by exciting mechanical vibration modes of the wire. When the wire is driven at its the mechanical resonance the time-integrated photoluminescence spectrum is broaden up to 1 meV owing to the oscillating stress, The measured spectral modulation is a first signature of strain-mediated coupling between a mechanical resonator and embedded QD single light emitter. With a stroboscopic technique, we isolated a certain phase of the oscillating wire and thereby selected a value of QD emission energies. As a highlight of our study, we managed to bring two different QDs contained in the same wire into resonance by controlling their relative phase. In addition, we could extract the 2D spatial positioning of embedded QDs from the spectral shifts observed for two orthogonal mechanical polarizations.. The investigation of the strain-mediated tuning of QDs can, therefore, be an effective tool to explore the QD positions without destroying the sample.

This diploma thesis deals with adjusting the reverberation time of enclosed spaces. It is divided into two thematic areas. The first thematic area deals with active systems that adjust the reverberation time, with a stronger focus on usage of reverberators to simulate secondary spaces. The second thematic area is the implementation of reverberators and their fundamental building blocks in Matlab.

Photovoltaic in the Czech Republic has gone through significant development during last few years. The thesis describes physical principle of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic power plant is a set of technologic components connected together to utilize solar energy and convert it into electric energy that could be distributed to electric power network. Review of the photovoltaic development in the Czech Republic and the list of the biggest operational photovoltaic power plants present important data for assessment of the current status of photovoltaic technology in the Czech Republic. Chapter operations and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants summarizes the most common causes of failures and presents diagnostic tools for service requests. Due to legislative changes, hybrid photovoltaic power plants construction has been prioritized as it is economically more efficient now. Construction of new hybrid photovoltaic power plant was assessed analytically using SWOT analysis that evaluates strong and weak sides of the projects in comparison with opportunities and threats of construction. After evaluation of obtained data the next steps of the hybrid photovoltaic power plant’s construction plan are proposed. The first part of hybrid photovoltaic power plant design contains PVGIS program's data evaluation, which provides sunlight intensity information for specified area. Obtained data were used in the second part of the design to determine proper components selection for family house hybrid photovoltaic power plant. Finally the economic view of the design and return of investments were assessed.

The thesis deals with the principle functions of low-temperature fuel cells with proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), photovoltaic sources (PVPP) and wind energy sources (WPP), along with solving their detailed mathematical expressions. In this work, the individual sources and their simulated models are analyzed in depth. The actual simulation is preceded by familiarization with important historical milestones in the development of fuel cells. Furthermore there is a basic classification of fuel cells and the characteristics of the cells used in the energy sectors. The text also provides information on projects that address the implementation of PEMFC as a primary or supplementary source of energy. Along with outlining the options for PEMFC as a perspective hydrogen technologies in the near future, the basic methods of hydrogen production and storage options are presented for the complexity. The work is exclusively focused on improving PEMFC mathematical models that under the hybrid system cooperate with renewable energy sources (RES). Part of the theses contains a short review of run or modeled concepts of hybrid systems in the energy sector. Using these models the main deficiencies of the models or of the whole PEMFC system can be identify. Specifications of the deficiencies lead to the creation of a new advanced dynamic PEMFC model that allows an analysis of the development of electrical and non-electrical quantities using long term tests. Furthermore, the thesis presents results of the experiments of thermal and dynamic behavior PEMFC, which were obtained from the additionally extended model with a reformer and the DC/DC converter. In this text there is a model of a photovoltaic module created, which is based on the nominal values parameterization. The model is subjected to basic experiments in which measured hydrometeorological data are used. If the hybrid system utilizes renewable energy sources, it is good to know the evolution of atmospheric conditions in the installation of these resources. Specifically for PVPP, publicly available databases containing information about solar radiation levels can be used for the selected location. Public databases are often used for initial design and manufacturing options for PVPP. An evaluation of the relevancy of public databases is performed based on a long-term observation of real measured data. Furthermore, these data are used for experiments on the photovoltaic module. Partially the text addresses the issue of the wind energy sources, however, it is simulated only on a simplified model of WPP. Created models of subsystems can be generally implemented as partial inputs hybrid systems in the future work. The thesis was developed at Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy (CVVOZE) with the financial support of the National Programme for Sustainability and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the project no. LO1210 - Energy for Sustainable Development and the project no. FEKT-S-14-2520 - New Technologies for Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Systems. The thesis was also generated under the project no. TA03020523 - Dynamic model of distribution network with the financial support of Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.

In support of a short dissertation entitled - "A critical review of the source and residence principles of taxation of income : A place for both principles in the South African tax system?" Qbjeetives To review and critically examine the application of the source and reside.nce principles regarding the taxption of income in South Africa, and to reveal the extent of the existence and application of a hybrid tax system in respect of the source and residence principles. To examine the legal principles and policy considerations arising from the existence of a hybrid tax system, inter alia, in the context of the Fifth Interim Report of the Katz Commission and consequent legislative developments. with a view to recommending. where appropriate, tax reform. Methodology iDd AQProach A review of relevant authority,liter@ture, principles and legislation. Conclusion To draw conclusions and recommendations regarding the merits of adopting a hybrid system in South Africa and, where appropriate, recommend legislative reforms particularly with regard to business income. / Mercantile Law / LL.M. (Mercantile Law)

In support of a short dissertation entitled - "A critical review of the source and residence principles of taxation of income : A place for both principles in the South African tax system?" Qbjeetives To review and critically examine the application of the source and reside.nce principles regarding the taxption of income in South Africa, and to reveal the extent of the existence and application of a hybrid tax system in respect of the source and residence principles. To examine the legal principles and policy considerations arising from the existence of a hybrid tax system, inter alia, in the context of the Fifth Interim Report of the Katz Commission and consequent legislative developments. with a view to recommending. where appropriate, tax reform. Methodology iDd AQProach A review of relevant authority,liter@ture, principles and legislation. Conclusion To draw conclusions and recommendations regarding the merits of adopting a hybrid system in South Africa and, where appropriate, recommend legislative reforms particularly with regard to business income. / Mercantile Law / LL.M. (Mercantile Law)

This thesis deals with charging stations for electric bicycles powered by renewable energy. The aim of this work is to make a proposal for the hybrid charging stations for electric bicycles, which will work independently and, if necessary, will be backed up by a network. In this thesis is entered theoretical information on the issue of electric bicycles, the batteries, charging stations, the connectors of chargers, and photovoltaic systems. The practical part of this thesis is the basic design of the charging station and its design of the mathematical model of the individual parts in Simulink program, which are linked to the actual design of the charging station. In conclusion, this thesis deals with energy and economic analysis of the proposed system, therein included various methods of assessing investment recommendations of appropriate processing methods and overall assessment of the subject.

This report is the result of a conducted Minor Field Study (MFS), to the greatestextent funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), in an attempt to design a system for evaluating smaller solar power systems indeveloping countries. The study was to the greater part conducted in Nairobi, Kenyain close collaboration with the University of Nairobi. The aim was to develop asystem that would use easily available components and keep the costs to a minimum,yet deliver adequate performance. The system would measure certain parameters of asolar power system and also relevant environmental data in order to evaluate theperformance of the system. Due to the specific competence of the collaboratinggroup at the University of Nairobi, a Kinetis Freescale K64-microcontroller with anARM-Cortex processor was selected as the core of the design. Components wereselected, schematics were drawn, a circuit board was designed and manufactured andsoftware was written. After 12 weeks a somewhat satisfying proof-of-concept wasreached at the end of the field study in Kenya. The project however proved howdifficult it is to go from first idea to a functional proof-of-concept during a limitedtimeframe, and also in an East-African country. The final proof-of-concept was testedat Mpala Research Centre in Kenya and despite containing some flaws proved that itwould indeed be possible to design a working system on the principles discussed inthis report. The system is open-source, so anyone may use and modify it.