The research dealt with the possibility of using hay for the production of large-area material. Boards with a density of 630 ± 30 kg/m3 and thickness of 12 mm were pressed from the hay. The boards were made of hay fractions and whole hay straws. Due to the presence of a water repellent waxy coating of the surface layers of the hay straws, the hay was soaked in NaOH solution to disrupt the coating and increase the surface wettability for the water-based adhesives. The soaking was carried out with different temperatures, time, and concentrations. Depending on the measurements of the contact angle of the water drop on the hay surface, a 5% NaOH solution was selected. The FR 15 and FR 60 boards were made from a hay fraction soaked at the temperature 20 ° C for 15 minutes and 60 minutes. A reference board FR REF was produced in the same way without chemical treatment. For comparing the boards' properties, several boards were produced: a DTD ST board was made of wood chips used for the central layers of boards made by the Kronospan company; a board NE REF, produced from the whole hay straws without any chemical treatment; a board NE 15, which was made out of hay undergone 15 minutes long treatment at 20 °C. UF resin (Kronores CB 1637), which is used for bonding of the core layers of particle boards, was used as the adhesive. The results have shown that the wettability of the straw surface can be improved by the chemical treatment by almost 50% compared to the hay without treatment. The contact angle values of the hay without the chemical treatment were 92,2 °. In hay soaked in NaOH solution, the contact angle decrease to 45 °. However, the hay treated this way wasn't suitable for board production due to its significant degradation. The hay used for boards FR 15 and FR 60 had values of 63 and 62, 9 ° accordingly, which were similar to those measured on the wood surface (64 °). Properties of the produced samples were tested according to ČSN EN standards. In bending tests, boards made from hay fractions with chemical treatment reached better results at MOR compared to the reference boards (the board FR 15 - 4,5 MPa, the board FR 60 - 5 MPa, and the board FR REF - 1,3 MPa). As for the modulus of elasticity MOE, the board FR 15 reached 1710 MPa, the board FR 60 - 1703 MPa, and the board FR REF - 651 MPa. After 24 hours, the following swelling values were indicated: FR REF - 23,2 %, FR 15 - 26,6 % a FR 60 - 17,1 %. After soaking in water for 48 hours, the FR REF fraction board had shown a swelling value of 60,5 %. The boards FR 15 and FR 60 from chemically modified hay have achieved better results of 42 and 47,2 % accordingly.

Diploma thesis is involved in basic properties of nickel materials for alkaline accumulators. Practical part deals with measuring of nickel hydroxides by cyclic voltametry. Next practical part is above measuring and optimalization various proportion of nickel and cobalt in layer made by electrodeposition on nickel electrodes.

Thesis deals with study of separators and membranes, suitable for using in alkali electrochemical applications like fuel cells or electrolysis. As basic material for membranes production is used polyvinylalkohol (PVA). Various methods of PVA cross linking are introduced in the thesis. PVA membranes are also doped by various types of additives to improve the attributes of the membranes like mechanical stability and or conductivity. The aim of the work is verification of parameters of membranes, doped by alkali hydroxides KOH, NaOH and LiOH at various temperatures. These hydroxides are added to the membrane especially for increasing of membrane conductivity.

1 Abstract The structure of layered zinc hydroxide intercalated with dodecyl sulfate (LZH-DS) anions was studied in detail. LZH-DS was prepared by direct precipitation in water and formed different phases. The following phases of LZH-DS were prepared - "extended" phase (ex) by direct precipitation in water, "shrunk" (s) and "super-shrunk" (ss) phases via treatment of LZH-DS(ex) phase in methanol. The studies of the thermal behavior of LZH-DS(ex) revealed interstratification of intercalated DS anions. It is the first example of interstratification in layered hydroxides that are intercalated with long aliphatic alkyl chain anions. The experimental results were used for molecular dynamic modelling of the structures. Nanometric thin films were prepared by dip-coating and inkjet printing of ZnO nanosheets on glass plates. The side-by-side alignment of the ZnO nanosheets on the substrate resulted in thin, transparent, oriented ZnO surfaces with the high-energy {001} facets exposed. The method of nanosheet deposition affected the film morphology; the dip-coated films were smooth and nonporous, while the inkjet-printed films were rough and had a surface area in the range of approximately 100-160 m2 g-1 . The first-order rate constants for the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol on the nanosheet-based films...

Considering increasing manufacture of metallic materials made in foundries increases also production of waste foundry sands. Foundry sands that remain after moulding and can not be reused in the prouction process anymore are usually not recycled nowadays and in the better cases they are clasified as a fill materials. These secondary raw materials are produced in relatively big amounts. Thats why is apropriate to search for their effective reuse. One of the possibilities is using of this materials in buliding industry. Thanks to their constitution and properties we can consider the possibilties of an alkaline activation, additional source to alkalit activated systems or like part of refractories.

Basische Magnesiumsalz-Hydrate, insbesondere die Chloride, stellen die Bindemittelphasen des Magnesiabaustoffs (auch Sorelbaustoff genannt) dar. Eine besondere Anwendung findet dieser Baustoff aufgrund seiner empirisch bekannten Beständigkeit gegenüber Salz bzw. salzhaltigen Lösungen zur Errichtung geotechnischer Barrieren in tiefen geologischen Formationen des Salinars. Die Bewertung der Langzeitbeständigkeit von Sorel-basierten Baustoffen in salinarer Umgebung erfordert Kenntnisse zu den Löslichkeitsgleichgewichten ausgehend vom ternären Grundsystem Mg(OH)2-MgCl2-H2O bis hin zu komplexeren Systemen bei NaCl-Sättigung und Anwesenheit von Sulfaten. Zielstellung dieser Arbeit war daher die experimentelle Bestimmung von Löslichkeitsdaten basischer Magnesiumchlorid- und Magnesiumsulfat-Hydrate im Temperaturbereich von 25 °C bis 120 °C. Der Einfluss von NaCl-Sättigung auf die Löslichkeit der basischen Magnesiumchlorid-Hydrate wurde im quaternären System Na+, Mg2+ / Cl-, OH- // H2O bei 25 °C untersucht. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse wurden PITZER-Parameter angepasst und erstellt, um thermodynamische Modellierungen auf Basis des Aktivitätskoeffizientenmodells nach PITZER für diese Systeme durchführen zu können.

This thesis is involved in basical properties of electrode materials for alkaline accumulators. This thesis describes the possibilities of capacity stabilisation of nickel electrode to be stable for highest number of cycles. Thesis also consider modification of properties of electrode materials on the base of nickel hydroxide by using dopes (aluminum, manganese). Measuration proceeded on the thin film electrodes created by electrodeposition. Measuration of properties of electrodes proceeded by cyclic voltammetry and frequency analyzis.

This master's thesis is concerned with the influence of aluminate ions added in various concentrations into the structure of nicel hydroxide that creates Ni-Cd accumulators positive electrode active mass basis nowadays. Nicel hydroxide occurs in two basic modifications ? and ß. Nowadays used ß modification reaches low capacity in comparison with ? modification. The disadvantage of ? modification is its instability and gradual degradation to ß modification. The aim of this diploma paper is to select the optimal amount of aluminate additives into the structure of nicel hydroxide with regard to electrochemical efficiency, stability, and degradation degree of the accumulated layer.

Master´s thesis is focused on development of electrodes used in alcaline accumulators, by using new kinds of materials and compounds. Basic possitive eletrode was made of nickel, on this electrode were applied new layers of Ni(OH)2 by using the method called electrodeposition. For electrodeposition was used solution with Ni(NO3)2 in diverse concentrations. Later on, this material was enriched with aluminium admixtures to increase stability of alfa modification in Ni(OH)2. These concentrations were measured and analysed in diagrams. For measurement was used device Biologic. The diagrams were commented with recommendations for production use in accumulators.

Master’s thesis is deals with the effect of carbon additives on the positive electrode in the NiCd batteries. It examines whether the positive electrode material enrichment of carbon additives to achieve improved internal parameters of conductivity and better contact with the electrode materials in a discharged. Galvanostatic cycling and electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used for evaluation of graphite aditives.