Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

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Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-72).

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cerdabalcazar_jg_me_guara.pdf: 3944356 bytes, checksum: 8538c5216f27a538594c710f93344044 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Nas últimas décadas houve um aumento significativo na demanda de energia elétrica e térmica em diversos setores (industrial, residencial, serviços, dentre outros) devido a diversos fatores, tais como o aumento populacional e a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Com o aumento da população e das indústrias houve um aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos de diversas naturezas: resíduos domésticos, industriais, resíduos de serviço de saúde, dentre outros, que devem ser dispostos de forma segura. Existem diversas maneiras de disposição final segura para os resíduos sólidos, tais como aterros sanitários controlados, usinas de biodigestão e incineradores, soluções que não são independentes, tendo de ser integradas. Nesta pesquisa será apresentado um estudo de caso de um ciclo combinado integrado a um ciclo a vapor com incineradores para a cidade de São Paulo; a escolha do ciclo combinado integrado é aqui concebida como uma possível solução para elevar a produção de potência mecânica, normalmente baixa dos ciclos a vapor utilizados em associação com unidades de incineração. Os resultados revelam uma elevada produção de energia elétrica, com um preço de venda competitivo com tecnologias já existentes, como por exemplo, o ciclo combinado utilizando gás natural e usinas a vapor a carvão mineral, e tendo uma geração de cinzas que podem ser utilizadas na indústria ou serem dispostas como cobertura em aterros sanitários. Analisa-se também, neste trabalho, a vantagem advinda de uma diferença das emissões de dióxido de carbono equivalente que poderia ser comercializado / Over the last decades, there was a significant rise of electrical and thermal energy demand in several sectors (industrial, residential, and others) caused by different factors, such as population growth and life-quality improvements. Along with the increasing population and industries, there was a raise in solid waste generation from different nature, domestic, industrial, healthcare waste, among others, that must be safely disposed. There are several ways of safe final disposal for solid waste such as controlled landfills, biodigestion and incineration power plants, solutions that are not independent, requiring integration. This study presents the case of a combined cycle integrated to a steam cycle with incinerators for the city of São Paulo; the choice of the combined integrated cycle is conceived here as a possible solution to increase the mechanical power production, usually low from the steam cycles used in association with incineration units. The results reveal a higher electrical energy production, with a competitive selling price among existing technology, for example, the combined cycle using natural gas and steam plants using mineral coal, generating ashes that can be used in industries or be used to cover landfills. This work also analyses the advantages that come from a difference in carbon dioxide production that could be commercialized

The present study is designed to examine the structure and development of international and Canadian laws which attempt to regulate the ocean disposal of toxic waste by at-sea incineration. It begins by describing some of the hazardous wastes which are creating dangerous environmental problems in Canada and other nations, by introducing the reader to the types of toxic materials subject to incineration and dumping at sea, and to the nature of the hazards these materials create. With this background in mind, the historical development of ocean dumping laws is then described, beginning with the major international treaties that presently regulate dumping activities. The Canadian laws, which emerged in order to implement the international treaty obligations, are then examined, together with an outline of how these laws are actually administered in the Canadian constitutional and political context. Emerging political strategies to improve the management and disposal of toxic waste are examined, including the increased use of incineration technology. The actual use and legal regulation of ocean incineration is then described, in an attempt to determine whether this type of ocean disposal is a useful and controllable waste management option. Current Canadian policy and legal proposals on ocean incineration are examined in light of ongoing international controversy over the advisability of its use as a waste management strategy. The study examines several jurisdictional, economic, scientific, and political problems which, in the Canadian context, cast doubt upon the ability of government to obtain either public acceptance of ocean incineration, or adequate legal control over at-sea incineration operations. In particular, the relevant legal, political and administrative decision-making processes are reviewed, to identify areas in which improvements are needed. It is concluded that government should move away from incremental law and policy formation, and start to experiment with new forms of decision-making processes, in order to deal with such complex and difficult issues. It is recommended that the government seek to respond in new and innovative ways to these problems. Resolving the question of the desirability of ocean incineration is seen as a possible "pilot project" to test the ability of Canadian legal and political institutions to meet the future challenges posed by such environmental issues. The policies and legislation discussed in the study are reported as of June 30, 1988. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

This dissertation examines the suitability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling for the production of realistic flowfields and temperature fields within a series of vortex combustion chambers of differing geometries and operating under various conditions. Initial validation of the CFD predictions was obtained through modelling of a series of isothermal vortex chambers for which a comprehensive set of experimental data was available. It was observed that CFD did indeed produce representative flowfield predictions for chambers of various geometries and operating conditions. A vortex unit used for the incineration of sewage sludge (US Navy Waste Incinerator) was subsequently investigated, and it was shown that due to the high moisture content of the waste material used, temperature profiles obtained with a modified coal combustion model were similar to those obtained with a more straightforward and computationally less expensive spray drier model. Results from both models were similar to experimentally observed conditions. However, comprehensive validation was not possible. In order that full validation could be provided for a CFD model of a vortex combustion unit, a model was developed of a commercial thermal oxidiser used for the incineration of liquid and gaseous wastes. CFD temperature predictions for the BASF Thermal Oxidiser were validated by a series of experimental measurements obtained from the operating unit. In general, it was found that the Reynolds Stress Model for turbulence produced the most representative velocity flowfields, with the less computationally demanding k-e model being applicable only under certain limited circumstances. Furthermore, insufficient grid refinement resulted in significantly distorted velocity profiles.

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