Orientador: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta / Resumo: Frente ao constante crescimento populacional mundial e o aumento da demanda por alimentos, atividades agrícolas e de produção animal encontram-se cada vez mais pressionadas a aumentar suas produtividades com o mínimo de impacto ambiental. Por isso o grande interesse em usar os resíduos gerados na produção animal para produzir fertilizantes para a agricultura, tendo em vista as altas concentrações de nutrientes minerais para as plantas e pelo pouco conhecimento sobre as alterações desses resíduos no solo em função do tempo após sua aplicação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um composto orgânico produzido com resíduos animais da aquicultura associado à maravalha de madeira, sobre a fertilidade do solo, respiração basal e as perdas de N na forma de amônia, bem como a nutrição e o crescimento das plantas em função do tempo após a aplicação do composto orgânico no solo. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, no período entre maio a novembro de 2018. No primeiro experimento, foram estudados cinco períodos de incorporação do composto orgânico no solo (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) a uma dose de 20 t ha-1, além de um tratamento sem adubação. No segundo experimento foi monitorado a respiração basal e a volatilização de amônia do citado solo, com (20 t ha-1) e sem a aplicação do composto, por 17 semanas consecutivas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas. Os resultados revelaram que a aplicaç... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Faced with the constant growth of world population and the increased demand for food, agricultural activities and the animal production industry are increasingly pressure to increase their productivity with a minimum environmental impact.For this is big the interest in use the wastes derivingin animal productions for produce fertilizers for agriculture, given the high concentrations of mineral nutrients for plants and the little knowledge about the changes of these residues in the soil as a function of time after their application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability the effect of a fish waste-based organic compostassociate with maravalha of wood, about soil fertility, soil basal respiration and N lossesin ammonia form, as well as plant nutrition and growth as a function of time after application of organic compost to the soil. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse between May and November 2018.In the first experiment, five periods of incorporation of organic compost into the soil (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 days) at a dose of 20 t ha-1, as well as a treatment without fertilization were studied. In the second experiment, the basal respiration and ammonia volatilization of the mentioned soil were monitored with (20 t ha-1) and without the application of compost for 17 consecutive weeks. The results were submitted to a variance analysis by the F test and the means compared. The results revealed that the application of the organic compost increased the organi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The challenges faced by early-stage entrepreneurs are well researched, however, the role played by an entrepreneur’s social capital, social network and incubation in moving the business along the entrepreneurial process, still needs to be better understood. The objective of this study was to show that with successful networking and the use of social capital, the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate of South Africa could be increased.A qualitative research design was employed whereby 12 in-depth interviews were conducted. Three themes emerged from the data analyses that are the utilisation of social capital, social networks and incubators in firstly launching and growing ventures.The key findings were, firstly, that incubation should form part of an early stage entrepreneur’s social capital. Secondly, those entrepreneurs benefited from their social capital and incubator in terms of tangible and intangible resources. Finally, the entrepreneurs persevered as a result of the advice, encouragement and validation that they got from their networks. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

New psychoactive substances are becoming increasingly common in many parts of the world, and some of them are marketed as “legal highs” and are produced to circumvent the drug legislation, and they come in many unregulated forms. The aim of this research was to characterize the metabolites of a new psychoactive substance and hence provide the fundamental data needed for further research of toxicity and future drug testing. The synthetic cannabinoid 4-fluoro-CUMYL-5-fluoro-PICA was incubated in cryopreserved hepatocytes for 1, 3 and 5 hour and then the formed metabolites was analyzed with an LC-QTOF-MS method, data analysis was performed by using the software MassHunter Qualitative Analysis. For 4-fluoro-CUMYL-5-fluoro-PICA a total of ten metabolites were identified, with three hydroxylations, two oxidative defluorinations to carboxylation, three oxidative defluorination and two fluoropentyl dealkylation. The metabolite with the highest intensity was oxidative defluorination.

University business incubators (UBIs) are organizations that provide new startup companies with a support environment. However, there are split opinions on the UBIs’ contributions to the startups and the regional economy and, consequently, there are also split opinions on  how to assess UBI performance. According to the resource-based view (RBV), a company’s competitive advantage results from the various resources the company has access to. The biotechnology industry is characterized by high research intensity, weak entrepreneurial and managerial skills of the entrepreneur, huge capital requirements, and long product  evelopment approval processes. Previous research has showed that these characteristics imply certain challenges for new biotech ventures. In this study, these industry specific characteristic and challenges were believed to affect what constitutes successful bioincubation and how bio-incubators’ performance should be assessed. The purpose of this report is, thus, to examine how bio-incubator performance can, and should be, assessed. An existing framework for assessing UBI performance is used as a basis for performing  emistructured interviews with 18 incubator managers in order to examine what performance indicators are perceived as robust for assessing bio-incubator performance. The findings show that the value contributions of bio-incubators mainly include space and network provision, support services, and coaching. The perceived value contributions, in combination with the perceived challenges, imply that it is particularly appropriate to assess bio-incubators performance in terms of Job Creation, Economy Enhancement, Access to Funds, and the Incubator Offer and Internal Environment. However, Job Creation and Economy Enhancement are closely related and are therefore suggested to be merged into a single performance indicator. Hardware and Services, on the other hand, seems to be less relevant for assessing bio-incubator performance as it depends on the incubator’s strategy. The study concludes that there are additional ways of assessing bio-incubator performance, such as shortened time to graduation, links with universities, and the flexibility of the incubator. Further research may include the entrepreneurs’ point of view or use the approach of this study to examine incubator performance in other high-technology industries.

The ability of entrepreneurs to incubate new venture opportunity remains an under-researched area of entrepreneurship studies. When engaged actors are motivated to pursue such activity venturing action is invigorated. This bridges the gap between believing in an idea and developing personal capacity to translate that belief into viable venturing. However, it has remained unclear how successful entrepreneurs have navigated this complex phase. This study therefore advances empirical insight into the iterative character of new venture opportunity incubation as enacted by seasoned entrepreneurs. Building on existing scholarship the study promotes a lived experience-led conceptualisation of key constructs and their relationships. Longitudinal data gathering from purposively selected case studies enabled the capture of qualitative data. Computer aided data analysis and coding (CADAC) revealed underling themes, thus illuminating meaningful pattern recognition. Deductive analysis of cross sectional interview data substantiated findings. Triangulation analysis revealed the activities, cognitions and behaviours which characterise opportunity incubation, as the subjects converted ideas into new venture concepts. These findings contribute to existing knowledge at a theoretical level: firstly, by identifying and describing the micro-processes that constitute new venture opportunity incubation. Secondly, the granular level of activation that the study accessed, revealed entrepreneurs’ cognitive and behavioural competencies in driving enactment. Finally, the study identified the venture concept artefacts that seasoned entrepreneurs’ prioritise when shaping new venture concepts. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / DPhil / Unrestricted

ABSTRACT Background: ‘One way you might be able to take your idea and make it a business' Business incubator originated in the United States, with aim to provide supportive environment for new ventures, provide incubatees' with affordable office spaces and a variety of support services and its considered as a tool for promoting innovation, economic growth and employment.  Purpose: Investigation on what should be considered most important when planning to start a BI. Should there be synergies through collaborations or reduced cost through shared meeting spaces and technical equipment. Delimitation: I acknowledged the fact that when practitioners share co- working spaces in the Business Incubation, there could be both advantages and disadvantages. This study was focus on the benefits. Method: The research had a deductive qualitative approach. The data was collect through a global survey sent out by email and six firms participated. Conclusions: Overall conclusion for this study is that, cohabitation in the BI promotes networking between entrepreneurs, both new and mature firms. Entrepreneurs’ benefits from share co-working space through collaboration, relationships between incubated firms. Thus, internal networking. However, networking should be considered a deliberate strategy of a business Incubator and synergies should be considered based on that. Language: UK English Keywords: Business incubator, Co-working spaces, Incubation management, Sustainability, Networking. / <p>-</p>

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Pressurized hot water and DTPA-Sorbitol are two relatively new soil boron (B) extraction methods with potential to replace the cumbersome hot water extraction. The objective of this research is to produce data in support of acceptance or rejection of these two alternative B extractions. The three soil tests were used to extract B from samples of calcareous sand and silt loam and limed, loamy fine sand treated with 10 levels of B and incubated for 7 and 28 d. As B application increased so did extractable B with each extraction method. High correlations (r of 0.977 to 0.999) were observed between extractable B and rate of B application with all three methods. Hot water generally extracted the least and pressurized hot water the most B regardless of soil type, rate of application or duration of incubation. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted on one limed acid and two alkaline soils naturally low in B to test alfalfa response to B fertilizer. Values from the three soil extraction methods were correlated to yield, B tissue concentration and total B removal of alfalfa. In greenhouse studies with varying levels of soil applied B, highly significant relationships exist between extractable soil B and both tissue B concentration and total B removal. Correlations between yield and extractable soil B were impossible to obtain because of a lack of alfalfa yield responses to applied boron. All three methods accurately predict plant B tissue concentrations and total B removal. The field experiment produced a significant positive relationship between total alfalfa yield and extractable B using hot water and pressurized hot water extractions, but not using DTPA-Sorbitol. The results observed in this research support pressurized hot water extraction as the better of the two alternatives to replace hot water extraction in a broad range of soil types.

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