Information sharing is fundamental in supply chain networks. How information is enabled, kept, and shared is referred to as information sharing. A new predicament occurred for organizations and businesses because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Distributed work was soon implemented, posing additional issues. Employees altered their work habits, and more and more work were completed digitally. Companies resumed to work on site once the virus was no longer recognized as a socially harmful illness. From the standpoint of employees, the study compares how information sharing is experienced before and after dispersed work. A survey was used to perform the research, which included both quantitative questions and open free text questions. The answer options for the quantitative questions are based on a five-point Likert scale. The open free text questions are analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that following the distributed work, access, sharing, and storage of work-related information has improved. More meetings are being held virtually, and digital technologies have become more prevalent. Furthermore, the findings reveal that employees have improved their ability to use digital technologies, which has resulted in them feeling more confident in their job roles following the distributed work. / I försörjningskedjor så är informationsdelning en central del. Informationsdelning syftar till hur information möjliggörs, lagras och delas. En ny situation uppstod för organisationer och företag i logistikbranschen till följd av Covid-19 pandemin. Distansarbete infördes hastigt och medförde nya utmaningar. Medarbetare fick förändrade arbetssätt och mer arbete utfördes digitalt. När viruset inte längre klassificerades som en samhällsfarlig sjukdom återgick organisationer och företag till arbete på plats. Studien behandlar hur informationsdelningen upplevs innan jämfört med efter distansarbete ur ett medarbetarperspektiv. Undersökningen utfördes genom en enkätundersökning som innehåller både kvantitativa frågor och öppna fritextfrågor. För kvantitativa enkätfrågorna utgår svarsalternativen utifrån en femgradig Likertsskala. De öppna enkätfrågorna är fritextfrågor som analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar tendenser till att tillgång, delning och lagring av arbetsrelaterad information blivit bättre efter distansarbetet. Fler möten anordnas digitalt och digitala verktyg har blivit bättre anpassade för verksamheten. Vidare visar resultatet även att medarbetarna blivit bättre på att använda digitala verktyg efter distansarbetet, detta har i sin tur medfört att de trivs bättre i sin arbetsroll.

Public safety is negatively affected when arrest warrant information is not available to law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, and other criminal justice practitioners. The U.S. Government and the criminal justice community have advocated for electronic warrant systems (e-warrants). Peace officers know that when e-warrant systems deliver warrant information to them immediately from multiple jurisdictions, their safety is increased. However, the factors that cause these e-warrants systems to improve safety are not known. The purpose of this historical data analysis study was to determine if the use of e-warrant systems resulted in shorter clearance times than the use of legacy paper-based systems. Stakeholder theory, open systems theory, and service-oriented architecture theory were used to guide the quantitative research design. This study compared 2 years of historical arrest warrants from 6 sheriffs' departments organized into population matched sets. Two-way ANOVA tests and nonparametric tests were conducted to analyze the impact of the independent variables warrant system type and case type on the dependent variables mean service days and percent warrants served. The study showed that operating e-warrant systems in similar size sample agencies did not ensure shorter mean service days and higher percent warrants served over legacy systems, and it confirmed that more research is needed to determine other factors that will lead to an improvement in these variables. The findings of this study may assist agency executives and justice practitioners to identify other variables that may increase effectiveness of e-warrant systems, thereby improving public and officer safety, both important social benefits.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (Specialising in Taxation) / South Africa had entered into 97 double taxation agreements (at the time of this study in 2014) with other countries which generally contain an article which authorises the exchange of information between South Africa and the treaty partner. The 2008 global financial crisis re-emphasized the increase in tax planning structures as a result of globalisation to avoid or evade taxes and this highlighted the need for a more transparent tax information sharing platform. Since the 2008 economic crisis, one of the key themes has been the attempts to co-ordinate reform of the global financial system in the pursuit of greater international transparency. Since 2012 Treasury started entering into agreements with various other countries to enhance the transparency of taxes paid by entering into exchange of information agreements: these includes the Bilateral Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA) and the Multilateral Mutual Administrative Assistance (MAA) Agreements and the agreement entered into with the United States of America known as the FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) agreement, signed 9 June 2014. This will support the Double Tax Agreement already in place to enhance the information sharing regime. Government Notices 508 and 509, Gazette number 37778, were published on 27 June 2014 in order to facilitate FATCA compliance in terms of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (TAA) sections 26, 29 and 30. As FATCA is a new agreement, there is a limited overview of the impact of this exchange of information agreement. This report is to gain insight into the reasons for implementing these agreements, an overview of these agreements and the implications of these agreements, with a specific focus on the newest agreement, FATCA.

In the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry, the pressure to accelerate the deployment of 5G technology has created a new competitive environment for businesses. This technology not only enables lower latency, but also higher number of connected devices, higher amounts of shared data, and faster. The growing demand from customers is pressuring every stage of the supply chain to become more efficient. In this industry, achieving a short time-tomarket is vital to stay ahead of competitors and position the company as a trend-setter in the eyes of customers. Therefore, it has become necessary to overall shorten lead times and deliver products in a faster way. This study was performed in collaboration with Ericsson AB, more specifically in the Ericsson Outbound Supply EMEA. Recent escalations from customers have shown that Ericsson’s ways of working to handle customer purchase orders are not being efficient. In many cases, it is taking longer to process the order than the lead times agreed on the contract with the customer. As a result, this study investigates how automation technologies can improve end-to-end order flows, how these can affect Ericsson as an organisation and its workforce, as well as which factors must be taken into consideration when implementing automation. In order to support the investigation, an analysis of the issues most frequently affecting hardware deliveries to customers was also conducted through the Spiderweb program. The latter is an internal improvement initiative of Ericsson Supply, focused on improving Ericsson’s order handling flows for the Market Area Europe and Latin America. The study was based on the following research questions: How can automation technologies help to improve Supply’s performance? How does automation impact the company as an organisation, its culture and workforce? How can the improvement methodology followed in the Spiderweb drive automation discoveries? Qualitative data was primarily collected through meetings with Spiderweb program drivers and 11 interviews held with different stakeholders at Ericsson Supply. Conclusively, this study indicates that the four critical factors that will require further developments for automation in Supply to become a reality are: its culture; the establishment of a data-driven organisation; the coordination of different processes and communication between dependent stakeholders; and the technical implementation of automation technology and other tools used locally. It is also concluded that the full potential of automation will only be realised if accompanied by a corresponding development of the workforce, and a clear communication of the strategy from top management. Lastly, the main recommendation to Supply regards the need to standardise order handling processes and simplify order flows, prior to any automation implementation in Supply. / Inom informations- och kommunikationsteknologinäringen (IKT) har trycket för att påskynda implementeringen av 5G-teknik skapat en ny konkurrensmiljö för företagen. Denna teknik möjliggör inte bara lägre latens, utan också större antal anslutna enheter, större mängder delad data och snabbare. Den växande efterfrågan från kunderna pressar varje steg i leveranskedjan att bli effektivare. I denna bransch är det viktigt att uppnå en kort tid till marknaden för att ligga före konkurrenterna och positionera företaget som trendmässigt i kunders ögon. Därför har det blivit nödvändigt att övergripande förkorta ledtiderna och leverera produkter på ett snabbare sätt. Denna studie utfördes i samarbete med Ericsson AB, mer specifikt i Ericsson Outbound Supply EMEA. Nya upptrappningar från kunder har visat att Ericssons sätt att arbeta för att hantera kundköporder inte är effektiva. I många fall tar det längre tid att behandla beställningen än de ledtider som avtalats med kunden. I denna studie undersöks hur automatiseringstekniker kan förbättra ordningsflödena från början till slut, hur dessa kan påverka Ericsson som organisation och dess arbetskraft, samt vilka faktorer som måste beaktas vid implementering av automatisering. För att stödja utredningen genomfördes också en analys av de problem som oftast påverkar hårdvaruleveranser till kunder genom Spiderweb-programmet. Det senare är ett internt förbättringsinitiativ från Ericsson Supply, fokuserat på att förbättra Ericssons orderhanteringsflöden för marknadsområdet Europa och Latinamerika. Studien baserades på följande forskningsfrågor: Hur kan automatiseringsteknologier bidra till att förbättra Supply’s prestanda? Hur påverkar automatisering företaget som organisation, dess kultur och arbetskraft? Hur kan förbättringsmetodiken följas i Spiderweb-enhetens automatiseringsupptäckter? Kvalitativ data samlades främst genom möten med Spiderwebprogramdrivare och 11 intervjuer med olika intressenter på Ericsson Supply. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar denna studie att de fyra kritiska faktorerna som kommer att kräva ytterligare utveckling för att automatisering i Supply ska bli verklighet är: dess kultur; inrättande av en datadriven organisation; samordning av olika processer och kommunikation mellan beroende intressenter; och teknisk implementering av automatiseringsteknologi och andra verktyg som används lokalt. Det dras också slutsatsen att automatiseringspotentialen fullt ut kommer att realiseras om den åtföljs av en motsvarande utveckling av arbetskraften och en tydlig kommunikation av strategin från toppledningen. Slutligen beaktar huvudrekommendationen till Supply behovet av att standardisera orderhanteringsprocesser och förenkla orderflöden innan automatiseringsimplementering i Supply startar.

Nowadays, the hybrid working model has prevailed as the new working model for many organizations, which combines working remotely and onsite. Although the hybrid working model is not new, the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the transition from traditional working model to hybrid one, which results in greater use of technology, especially for the employees’ collaboration. Collaboration is at the core of agile development team members’ daily hybrid work, and it is achieved through the support of technology tools, such as Microsoft Teams. The hybrid working model, due to its complexity, creates opportunities and challenges to the way agile development team members’ work and collaborate. Therefore, it is important to examine the collaboration of agile development team members that follow the hybrid working model, as well as benefits and challenges that may arise. Thus, this master thesis examines, the technology-supported collaboration of agile development team members, that follow the hybrid working model, taking as an example Microsoft Teams (MS Teams). For this, an interpretive qualitative ethnographic research was conducted. The data was collected through participant observations, focus groups discussions, and semi-structured interviews from purposively selected team members of three agile development teams. The collected data was analyzed thematically and generated six themes. These six themes represent the findings of the master’s thesis research and are interpreted and discussed with the help of the theoretical framework, which includes the concepts of agile project management, computer-supported cooperative work, collaboration, cooperation, coordination, information sharing, communication and hybrid working model.   The research findings show that it is vital for the members of the agile development teams to use a collaboration tool in their daily hybrid work to assure close and frequent collaboration, which in the traditional working model was mainly achieved face-to-face on-site. Their collaboration includes communication, information sharing, and coordination activities, which are supported and facilitated by the technological tool of MS Teams. However, the hybrid working model has given rise to challenges in the collaboration among the agile development team members, which can be overcome if the technological tool of MS Teams is used properly by everyone. This research contributes to the existing knowledge of the informatics research field and the body of research of computer-supported cooperative work by providing a better understanding of how technological tools are used to support collaborating team members that follow the hybrid working model, including benefits and challenges experienced. It also contributes to agile development team members and other practitioners that use MS Teams through improved understanding of aspects that can be taken into consideration for the use of a collaboration technological tool, and the generation of guidelines for such technology in order to make the use of it most efficient.

The objective of this research paper was to examine how effective communication can be perceived in construction projects by presenting an overview of the current proven methods and recorded experiences. The study was conducted by a combination of a literature review and qualitative data retrieval process that included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. This examination process focused not only into the organizational structure but also into the project perspective. The findings present a general good performance in terms of organization and project communication as well as suggestions for communication improvement and can be used by researchers as future research in the area of successful construction project communication. / Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka synen på en effektiv komminikation på ett byggprojekt genom att presentera analys av befintliga metoder och dess utveckling med tiden. Studien har huvudsakligen utförts genom granskning av literaturstudier, kvalitativ enkätundersökning och intervjuer med berörda personer. Den utförda studien har inte enbart fokuserat på kommunikation inom organisation, utan har även studerat kommunikation inom projekt. Resultatet visar att det inte föreligger några större brister i kommunikation inom de studerade projekten. Den generella synen är att kommunikation fungerar bra. De synpunkter som har presenterats i rapporten ligger till grund för ett antal åtgärder som föreslås för att kunna uppnå ytterligare förbättrad kommunikation.

To counter hybrid threats – for example, international terrorism, transnational organised crime and (cyber-)attacks – security and intelligence communities increasingly gather, process and exchange vast amounts of data on presumably suspect individuals. This trend has been enabled by recent developments in surveillance capacities related to Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs). As a result, cross-border data transfers have become not only an element of international trade but also an important component of law enforcement strategies. Nevertheless, the exchange of data for policing purposes is not always smooth. Rather, there are frictions that emerge therein as well as technical and legal issues relating to the combination of data from different information systems and under different formats. This study advances the concept of data lifecycle in relation to the practices, such as the collection, entry, processing, storing, and analysis that direct data in specific ways to create multiple “cycles” of uses. Through the analytical lens of the lifecycle I aim to examine specifically how data are repurposed, not only by digital technologies, but also by provisions regulating access, storage and use of information for criminal matters. The core task consists in identifying the socio-political, legal and technical conditions of possibility that allow for the exchange of data at the pan-European level. By bringing together multiple conceptual and methodological subfields, I shed light on the politicality of EU data infrastructures that appear physically very remote or less visible, yet in a way that people do not realise how mundane they have become. Investigating the data lifecycle as a network of practices generates findings that are useful for understanding how security is enacted through the collection and use of different forms of data and hence for interpreting the evolving landscape of data-driven security governance in the EU.

I studien undersöks medarbetarnas syn på den interna kommunikationen om tjänstepension inom ett tjänsteproducerande företag. Utgångspunkten i undersökningen var att genom en enkätundersökning undersöka hur medarbetarnas pensionskunskaper såg ut, hur deras intresse var samt om hur de upplevde att organisationen informerar om tjänstepensionen. Enkäten visade att det fanns ett intresse för pension men att kunskapen var låg samt att medarbetarna upplevde att organisationen inte informerade medarbetarna på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur den interna kommunikationen om tjänstepension upplevs utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv. För att undersöka och öka förståelsen av respondenternas upplevelse valdes en hermeneutisk ansats med kvalitativ metod som innefattade fokusgruppsdiskussioner. Ansatsen har hjälpt oss att gå från en förförståelse om att kunskapen är låg till att ge en större förståelse för medarbetarnas upplevelse av effekterna av organisationens kommunikationsprocess i tjänstepensionsfrågor. Undersökningen visade att det fanns förbättringar att göra i hur organisationen väljer att informera om tjänstepension. För att få medarbetarna att förstå värdet av tjänstepensionen behöver organisationen kontinuerligt kommunicera detta till sina medarbetare. De flesta av respondenterna föredrog en personlig information vid löne- eller medarbetarsamtal eller kontinuerlig information om hur mycket organisationen betalar in till tjänstepensionen. Resultatet visade att det skulle skapa ett värde för medarbetarna om de visste vad organisationen betalar in och individens känsla av tillit och att känna sig värdefulla skulle öka. Resultatet visade även att ett samband mellan generationstillhörighet och pensionskunskap inte kunde påvisas. / The study examines the employees' view of the internal communication about occupational pensions within a service-producing company. The starting point of the investigation was through a survey investigate how the employees' pension knowledge looked, what their interest was, and how they felt that the organization provides information about occupational pensions. The survey showed that there was an interest about pension but that the knowledge was low, and that the employees felt that the organization did not inform the employees in an effective way. The aim of the study is to investigate how the internal communication about occupational pensions is experienced from an employee perspective. In order to investigate and increase the understanding of the respondents' experience, a hermeneutic approach was chosen with a qualitative method that included focus group discussions. The approach has helped us move from a pre-understanding that the knowledge is low, to providing a greater understanding of the employees' experience of the effects of the organization's communication process in occupational pension matters. The investigation showed that there were improvements to be made in the way the organization chooses to inform about occupational pensions. In order to make the employees understand the value of the occupational pension, the organization needs to continuously communicate this to its employees. Most of the respondents preferred a personal information during salary- or employee meeting, or continuous information about how much the organization pays into the occupational pension. The result showed that it would create value for the employees if they knew what the organization pays in and the individual's sense of trust and feeling valued would increase. The result also showed that a relationship between generational affiliation and pension knowledge could not be demonstrated.

Social media is today used in Sweden by 88% of the population. On social media platforms discussions of mental health take place, which can be seen as problematic, because of the risk of misinformation being spread. On the other hand these discussions can create connection and provide strategies to individuals struggling. In this study information about depression, on the most used social media platform in Sweden, YouTube, will be explored further. The purpose of the study is to examine what YouTube creators from Sweden express about information sharing and information use, when talking about depression. This has been done by transcribing, thematising and analysing seven YouTube videos. To analyse the videos the theoretical concept cognitive authority has been used. The result of this study shows that information use is expressed in the videos by referring to different sources, presenting factual claims and discussing personal experience. The video creators also explain how information use effects them personally. Information sharing is expressed in the videos by discussing motives and obstacles to sharing information. A conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that prominent patterns can be identified in the videos. These patterns include that the creators mostly discuss their own experiences in their videos, but they also refer to health care professionals regularly. Another pattern identified is that most creators express wanting to share information to create awareness, but they also share information to help others and for the benefit of their own. Further, obstacles for sharing information are discussed in multiple videos, these obstacles are other people and the creators’ emotional reactions. Lastly the study shows that the creators can construct cognitive authorities by using information in a convincing way, by sharing experiences, presenting factual claims, and by referring to different sources. The creators can also construct cognitive authority by sharing information that seems honest and competent, by sharing personal information and explaining how they successfully overcame depression. The cognitive authority can also be constructed by developing personal trust with the viewers, by being personal and showing emotions. / Idag används sociala medier av 88% procent av Sveriges befolkning. På dessa sociala medier diskuteras bland annat psykisk ohälsa, vilket kan problematiseras på grund av risken att desinformation sprids. Å andra sidan kan dessa diskussioner skapa gemenskap och ge strategier till individer som mår dåligt. I denna studie undersöks delande och användning av information om depression på den mest använda sociala medieplattformen i Sverige, Youtube. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad kreatörer på YouTube uttrycker om informationsanvändning och informationsdelning i videos på svenska som handlar om depression. Detta har gjorts genom att sju YouTube-videos transkriberats, tematiserats och analyserats. För att analysera videorna har det teoretiska begreppet kognitiv auktoritet använts. Undersökningens resultat visar att informationsanvändning uttrycks i videorna genom att kreatörerna refererar till olika källor, genom att presentera faktapåståenden, diskutera personliga erfarenheter och effekter av information. En slutsats som kan dras av undersökningen är att vissa framstående mönster kan identifieras i videorna. Dessa mönster är att de flesta kreatörerna uttrycker en vilja till att dela information för att skapa medvetenhet, med flertalet vill även dela information för att hjälpa andra eller för sin egen skull. Vidare har hinder för informationsdelning identifierats, dessa innefattar andra människor och kreatörernas känslomässiga reaktioner. Slutligen visar undersökningen att kreatörer kan skapa kognitiva auktoriteter genom att de använder information på ett övertygande sätt, delar erfarenheter, faktapåståenden och refererar till olika källor. Kreatörerna kan också skapa kognitiv auktoritet genom att de delar information som verkar ärlig och kompetent och berättar hur de överkommit sin depression. Den kognitiva auktoriteten kan även skapas genom att kreatörerna utvecklar personlig tillit till sin publik, vilket görs genom att kreatörerna visar känslor och är personliga.

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