Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4011.pdf: 1954074 bytes, checksum: cce7eadafa9851ffd6f3c4342b2aa1db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / The search for renewable energy sources, clean, puts the state of Mato Grosso in the forefront when it comes to biodiesel production, the institutional environmentcreated from the 70's with the modernization of agriculture in the state, facilitated the development Agroindustrial Complex of Soy - CAIS and consequently the biofuel industry that has great relevance to the state's economy. Thus, this paperaims to show the main process of establishing the chain of biodiesel in the state ofMato Grosso on the assumption that the chain of biodiesel is developed with high interdependence of the agroindustrial complex of soy in Mato Grosso. To collectthe data we used a structured questionnaire and semi structured, the researcher presents the guidelines, but also gave the respondent the option of mentioning other points considered relevant and which were not addressed. The questionnaires were administered personally by the author and some others, sente-mails requesting information for institutional aid in the understanding of the relationships of the actors present in this chain. The results indicate the existence of a strong link in the chain of biodiesel with soybean agro-industrial complex in the state and that the production of alternative raw materials for the replacement of soybeans in the biodiesel production chain, is still in its infancy, there is noproduction sufficient scale to offer a competitive with soybeans. / A busca por fontes de energias renováveis, não poluentes, coloca o Estado de Mato Grosso na linha de frente quando se trata da produção de biodiesel, o ambiente institucional criado a partir da década de 70 com a modernização da agricultura no estado, facilitaram o desenvolvimento do Complexo Agroindustrial da Soja CAIS e consequentemente a indústria desse bicombustível que tem grande relevância para a economia do estado. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal mostrar o processo de constituição da cadeia do biodiesel no Estado de Mato Grosso partido do pressuposto que a cadeia do biodiesel se desenvolve com elevada interdependência do complexo agroindustrial da soja no Estado de Mato grosso. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado questionário estruturado e semi estruturado, onde o pesquisador apresenta as diretrizes, mas também proporcionou ao respondente, a opção de mencionar outros pontos que considerava relevante e que não foram abordados. Os questionários foram aplicados alguns pessoalmente pelo autor e outros, enviados para e-mails institucionais solicitando informações para auxilio na compreensão das relações dos atores presentes nessa cadeia. Os resultados apontam para a existência de uma forte interdependência da cadeia do biodiesel com o complexo agroindustrial da soja no estado e que a produção de matérias primas alternativas para a substituição da soja, na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel, ainda é incipiente, não há produção em escala suficiente para oferta de forma competitiva com a soja.

A Teoria de Negócios Internacionais sugere que ao aumentar o seu grau de internacionalização, as Empresas Multinacionais dos Países Emergentes dependerão cada vez menos dos efeitos dos seus países de origem, escapando assim das mazelas e deficiências desses países e igualando-se às Empresas Multinacionais dos Países Desenvolvidos. Essa argumentação de escape do país de origem, ou argumentação de escape, enfrenta, no entanto, dois desafios. O primeiro refere-se à geração das vantagens competitivas das multinacionais. As firmas originárias dos países desenvolvidos utilizam-se principalmente de capacidades tecnológicas e marketing para construir suas vantagens com base em seus produtos e marcas diferenciados, enquanto as multinacionais dos países emergentes o fazem a partir do aproveitamento de condições específicas do seu país de origem, utilizando-se de capacidades de inovação em processos e operações e em funções administrativas. O segundo desafio refere-se a evidências empíricas de que efeitos de país de origem se fazem sentir mesmo nas empresas multinacionais maduras de países desenvolvidos. A presente pesquisa busca ampliar o conhecimento sobre as capacidades de inovação das empresas multinacionais de países emergentes através do estudo dos limites do argumento do escape. Uma análise longitudinal das capacidades de inovação das empresas multinacionais brasileiras é utilizada para este fim. Estuda-se um período de cinco anos em que o ambiente de negócios do Brasil mudou de estável e favorável a turbulento e desafiador. A análise utiliza dois \"surveys\" aplicados em 2010 e 2015, além de informação complementar de fontes primárias e secundárias. Os resultados sugerem que as capacidades de inovação dessas empresas multinacionais ainda podem sofrer influência do ambiente institucional político e econômico do seu país de origem, mesmo com incremento do seu grau de internacionalização. Observam-se ainda diferentes consequências conforme a estratégia de internacionalização utilizada pelas firmas. As implicações dos achados são discutidas. / The international Business theory suggests that as they increase their degree of internationalization, Multinationals from Emerging Markets reduce their dependency on their Country of Origin Effects, escaping from these countries\' instabilities and deficiencies, therefore leveling with Multinationals from developed countries. The escape from the country of origin, or escape argument, faces two challenges. The first is that firms from developed countries base their advantages on technology and marketing capabilities to build strong products and brands, whereas firms from emerging countries do so mainly by exploiting their country of origin effects using innovative capabilities related to process and operations and to administrative functions. The second challenge relates to empirical evidence of the persistence of country of origin effects on mature multinational firms from developed countries. This research attempts to improve the knowledge on the innovation capability of Emerging Markets Multinational Enterprises through studying the limits of the escape argument. A longitudinal analysis of the innovative capabilities of Brazilian Multinational firms is used for that purpose. The five-year period studied involves a shift in Brazil\'s conditions from a stable and positive institutional environment to one of turbulence and instability. The research uses data from two surveys executed in 2010 and 2015, as well as other primary and secondary sources. The results suggest that the innovative capabilities from Emerging Market Multinationals can still suffer influences from changes in their home country political and economic institutional environment, even with an increase in their degree of internationalization. The outcomes vary according to the internationalization strategy used by the firms. Implications of these findings are discussed.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O estudo avalia a influÃncia do Sistema Nacional de NegÃcios (SNN) do Brasil e do Canadà sobre a extensÃo da divulgaÃÃo de informaÃÃes (disclosure) de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) de empresas de setores ambientalmente mais sensÃveis. Conforme os pressupostos da Teoria de Sistema de NegÃcios, as estruturas institucionais nacionais como os sistemas polÃtico, financeiro, de educaÃÃo, de trabalho e cultural sÃo responsÃveis por moldar o SNN que, por sua vez, determina os aspectos da natureza da empresa, a organizaÃÃo dos processos de mercado e os sistemas de coordenaÃÃo e controle empresarial. Dessa forma, as diferenÃas nas prÃticas de disclosure de RSC entre os paÃses podem ser explicadas pelas estruturas institucionais que moldam os SNN. O estudo desenvolvido caracteriza-se como descritivo e correlacional, tem abordagem quantitativa e utiliza dados secundÃrios de empresas dos setores de utilidade pÃblica, materiais bÃsicos e de operaÃÃes de petrÃleo e gÃs, alÃm de indicadores do ambiente institucional do Brasil e do Canadà entre 2007 e 2014. As variÃveis independentes utilizadas relacionam-se com as estruturas institucionais que moldam o SNN, alÃm de variÃveis de controle relativas Ãs caracterÃsticas das empresas (tamanho e adoÃÃo das diretrizes da GRI). Essas variÃveis tiveram como fonte os bancos de dados do Banco Mundial, do World Economic Forum (WEF), do The Hofstede Centre, das bolsas de valores do Brasil e do CanadÃ, alÃm das informaÃÃes existentes nos relatÃrios anuais e de sustentabilidade das empresas. A variÃvel dependente de pesquisa à a extensÃo da divulgaÃÃo de informaÃÃes de RSC mensurada atravÃs da metodologia desenvolvida por Fischer e Sawczyn (2013), divididas em trÃs dimensÃes: ambiental, social e total. Os mÃtodos quantitativos de anÃlise serÃo a estatÃstica descritiva, anÃlise de dados em painel e modelo linear hierÃrquico (MHL). Os resultados apontam que a extensÃo da divulgaÃÃo de informaÃÃo de RSC se relaciona positivamente com o Sistema PolÃtico, Sistema de Trabalho e as dimensÃes culturais relacionadas à aversÃo à incerteza e à distÃncia do poder. Por outro lado, relaciona-se negativamente com o Sistema Financeiro e de EducaÃÃo e as dimensÃes culturais individualismo e masculinidade. Os resultados do MHL apontam que as caracterÃsticas do nÃvel de paÃs referentes ao Canadà sÃo capazes de explicar em maior proporÃÃo a extensÃo do disclosure de RSC do que as referentes ao Brasil. O trabalho conclui que os gestores devem dar atenÃÃo à influÃncia das caracterÃsticas das estruturas institucionais que moldam o SNN ao estabelecerem suas estratÃgias relacionadas à RSC. Palavras-chave: Ambiente Institucional. Sistema Nacional de NegÃcios. DivulgaÃÃo de InformaÃÃo. Responsabilidade Social Corporativa. Brasil. CanadÃ.

Pelo menos até o primeiro governo Vargas, a dinâmica da economia brasileira era ditada pela produção primária para exportação, numa sucessão de produtos que culminou com a produção cafeeira. Esse quadro foi, porém, completamente alterado durante a década de 1930, quando se caracterizou um momento de inflexão econômica e institucional de grandes dimensões, que transformou a dinâmica de toda a economia. A solidificação da nova forma da economia só foi possível por ter sido acompanhada de uma alteração na estrutura institucional do país, tornando os sistemas financeiro, tributário e educacional, além das relações de trabalho, mais adequados a este novo panorama. Instituições são as regras do jogo em uma sociedade que moldam a interação entre os homens e, assim, fornecem estruturas estáveis para que as transações ocorram. Conhecer as características institucionais históricas de cada país pode trazer uma melhor compreensão de suas deficiências atuais e das alternativas viáveis de mudança para superá-las. O presente trabalho pretende caracterizar o ambiente institucional brasileiro do período entre 1889 e 1945, com base na Nova Economia Institucional, identificando, também, os efeitos destas instituições sobre o desempenho econômico e os processos de mudança institucional do período, especialmente a mudança ocorrida após a Revolução de 1930. Mostra-se que a nova estrutura institucional, então criada, permitiu a continuidade do processo de industrialização, com maior intervenção do Estado na economia, o qual dispôs de melhores instrumentos para alcançar seu objetivo industrializante e com regras mais claras, seja para o sistema financeiro e a concessão de crédito, seja para a contratação de mão-de-obra. Permitiu, ademais, que a economia brasileira se tornasse mais robusta, deixando de ser tão vulnerável às flutuações externas. As mudanças desta época foram importantes para o crescimento do período posterior por criar uma base mais sólida tributária, financeira, de relações de trabalho e de educação. / At least until the first Vargas government, the dynamics of the Brazilian economy was dictated by the primary production for exportation, in a succession of products that culminated with coffee. This situation was, however, completely modified during the decade of 1930, when a moment of economic and institutional inflection of great dimensions was characterized, that transformed the dynamics of the whole economy. The solidification of the new form of the economy was only possible because it came along with an alteration in the institutional structure of the country, rendering the financial, educational, tributary systems and work relations more adjusted to this new panorama. Institutions are the rules of the game in a society that shape human interactions, establishing stable structures for the occurrence of transactions. To know the historical institutional characteristics of the country can provide a better understanding of its current deficiencies and suggest the viable alternatives to surpass them. The present work intends to characterize the Brazilian institutional environment of the period between 1889 and 1945, on the basis of the New Institutional Economics, identifying, also, the effect of these institutions on the economic performance and the processes of institutional change of the period, especially those that occurred after the Revolution of 1930. It is shown that the then created institutional structure allowed the continuity of the industrialization process, with stronger intervention of the State in the economy and with clearer rules, both for the financial system and the concession of credit, and for hiring labor. The government had available better instruments to reach its industrializing objective. Moreover, it allowed the Brazilian economy to become more robust, becoming less vulnerable to the external fluctuations. The changes of this period were important for the growth of the following decades for it created a more solid tax, financial, educational and work relations structure.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / This research aims to assess the role of Social Funds' organizational and institutional characteristics for community participation processes in development projects. The research is based on a case study of the Peruvian Social Fund, FONCODES, and utilizes a qualitative data collection approach. It mainly relies on semi-structured interviews with FONCODES' staff and community members, unstructured interviews with experts, and analysis of operational documents. The research concludes that several organizational and institutional characteristics affect community participation in FONCODES projects but the direction of this influence depends on how specific areas of the organization's context are structured as well as on political variables in the institutional environment. / South Africa

Le développement des biocarburants soutenu par la communauté internationale connait un essor depuis le début des années 2000 à l'échelle mondiale pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, répondre aux préoccupations énergétiques des pays industriels et diminuer la pauvreté énergétique dans les pays du sud. Cette stratégie rencontre plusieurs controverses qui portent sur les impacts socio-économiques des biocarburants et les trajectoires technologiques les mieux adaptées aux besoins de développement des pays d'Afrique sub-saharienne. L'objectif de la thèse est de comprendre les déterminants des processus d'innovation technologique sur la production des biocarburants. La thèse pose pour cela deux hypothèses. La première hypothèse structurée par le croisement entre les théories de la transition et les analyses systémiques de l'innovation repose sur le déterminisme institutionnel des processus d'innovation technologique qui structure l'émergence du secteur des biocarburants. La seconde hypothèse suppose que l'émergence et le développement du secteur bioénergétique résulte des conditions d'adoption micro-économiques et territoriales de la production des cultures énergétiques. Le test de ces hypothèses est réalisé en mobilisant un référentiel d'analyse en termes de système d'innovation dans le cas de la filière Jatropha au Burkina Faso. Les résultats soulignent que l'émergence des technologies biocarburants dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne est liée aux changements institutionnels induits par les crises énergétiques et environnementales. Ces changements institutionnels activent des ressources favorables à l'émergence et à la dissémination des technologies sur les biocarburants. Au Burkina Faso, ces changements sont impulsés par les politiques européennes et celles d'organisations sous régionales telles que l'UEMOA et la CEDEAO. Une modélisation économétrique permet de manière complémentaire de tester les conditions d'adoption micro-économique et d'implémentation des innovations technologiques sur les biocarburants. Les facteurs structurels de l'exploitation agricole (capital foncier, situation alimentaire, perception) ; la proximité des acteurs de la filière ; ainsi que les variables institutionnelles inhérentes au renforcement des capacités et compétences apparaissent structurants de ces processus d'adoption sur le Jatropha. Cette adoption dépend enfin des modèles technologiques qui permettent d'intégrer d'un point de vue territorial les phases de production de la matière première, transformation et utilisation dans un mécanisme de réponse aux besoins prioritaires du développement du Burkina Faso. / Biofuel development supported by the international community expands since the early 2000s globally to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, meet the energy concerns of industrial countries and reduce energy poverty in the countries of south. This strategy meets several controversies that address the socioeconomic impacts of biofuels and the most appropriate technological trajectories to the needs of developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the thesis is to understand the determinants of the process of technological innovation on the production of biofuels. The thesis raises two hypotheses for this. The first assumption structured by intersection between the theories of transition and systemic analysis of innovation based on institutional determinism of technological innovation process that structures the emergence of the biofuel sector. The second assumption is that the emergence and development of the bioenergy sector resulting conditions of micro-economic and territorial adoption of the production of energy crops. The test of these hypotheses is achieved by mobilizing an analytical reference in terms of innovation system in the case of the Jatropha sector in Burkina Faso. The results highlight the emergence of biofuels technologies in sub-Saharan Africa is related to institutional changes induced by the energy and environmental crises. These institutional changes enable favorable resources to the emergence and diffusion of technology on biofuels. In Burkina Faso, these changes are driven by European policies and those of sub-regional organizations such as UEMOA and ECOWAS. Econometric modeling allows complementary way to test the conditions of microeconomic adoption and implementation of technological innovations on biofuels. Structural factors of the farm (land capital, food situation, perception); the proximity of the actors of the sector; and institutional variables inherent in capacity building and skills appear structuring of these processes of adoption of Jatropha. This adoption also depends technological models that integrate a territorial perspective the production phases of the raw material, processing and use in a response mechanism to the priority needs of the development of Burkina Faso.

Syfte: ESG-betyg utgör det huvudsakliga underlaget för beslut om hållbara investeringar. För en effektiv kapitalallokering krävs därför att betygen återspeglar företags faktiska hållbarhetsprestationer. Betygen har dock visats vara missvisande då den bakomliggande hållbarhetsrapporteringen påverkas av ett antal olika faktorer, däribland företags institutionella miljö, vilket kan hänföras till en strävan efter att uppfattas som legitima av samhälle och intressenter. Denna studie avser att kartlägga samband mellan institutionell miljö och den miljömässiga dimensionen (E) av ESG-betyg. För att testa sambandet prövas huruvida detta har en praktisk motsvarighet i form av mängden växthusgasutsläpp.    Metod: Studien har en positivistisk vetenskapsteoretisk utgångspunkt med en deduktiv ansats och är av kvantitativ natur. Genom en longitudinell design har data från 1969 företag under fem år analyserats. Studiens empiriska data är inhämtad från databasen Refinitiv Eikon och har analyserats i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS, främst genom linjära regressioner.   Resultat & slutsats: Positiva samband mellan ekonomisk utvecklingsgrad i företags verksamhetsland och E-betyg samt benägenhet att tillhandahålla ESG-data har konstaterats. Möjliga förklaringar återfinns i legitimitets-, intressent samt den institutionella teorin och kopplas främst till institutionella skillnader mellan länder. Vidare återfanns att större benägenhet att tillhandahålla ESG-data påverkar datatillgänglighet positivt samt att datatillgänglighet har ett positivt samband med E-betyg. Ett negativt samband mellan industriländer och växthusgasutsläpp kunde dock återfinnas vilket innebär att resultatet inte ger något belägg för att de högre E-betyg som återfinnas bland företagen i industriländerna, inte motsvaras av en högre nivå på hållbarhet i praktiken.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till den undersökning av ESG-betygens funktion som i tidigare forskning omnämnts som bristfällig. Även om studien inte kan bekräfta att institutionell miljö har en avgörande påverkan på betyget tydliggörs andra brister i betyget. Exempelvis betydelsen av mängden publicerad ESG-data. Detta innebär problem eftersom benägenheten att tillhandahålla ESG-data är mindre i utvecklingsländerna.      Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För att öka generaliserbarheten föreslås en utvidgad undersökning som omfattar fler värderingsinstitut och ESG-betygets alla dimensioner. Vidare undersökningar av den institutionella miljöns påverkan, utifrån andra aspekter än ekonomisk utveckling, samt forskning för att förbättra värderingsinstitutens metoder för datainsamling behövs. / Aim: ESG scores are the main basis for responsible investments decisions. An efficient capital allocation therefore requires the ratings to reflect companies’ actual sustainability performance. However, the scores have been found to be misleading as the underlying sustainability disclosures are affected by various different factors, including companies’ institutional environment, which can be attributed to an effort to be perceived as legitimate by society and stakeholders. This study is intending to identify relationships between the institutional environment and the environmental dimension (E) of the ESG score. To test the relationship, it is examined whether this has a practical equivalent in terms of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.   Method: The study is based on positivistic theory of science with a deductive approach and quantitative nature. Through a longitudinal design, data from 1969 companies over five years have been analysed. The empirical data of the study are obtained from the database Refinitiv Eikon and have been analysed in the statistical program IBM SPSS, mainly through linear regressions.   Result & Conclusions: Positive relationships between the degree of economic development in a company’s country of operation and E-scores and propensity to provide ESG data has been established. Possible explanations are found the legitimacy, stakeholder and institutional theory, and are mainly related to institutional differences between countries. Furthermore, higher propensity to provide ESG data has a positive effect on data availability and data availability has a positive relationship with E-score. However, a negative relationship between developed countries and greenhouse gas emissions was found, meaning that the result does not provide evidence that the higher E-score found among companies in developed countries, is not equivalent to a higher level of sustainability in practice.   Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to the examination of the function of the ESG ratings which in previous research has been considered deficient. Although the study cannot confirm that the institutional environment has a crucial effect on the score other deficiencies in the ratings has been apparent. For example, the importance of the amount of published ESG data. This poses a problem because the propensity to provide ESG data is lower in developing countries.   Suggestions for future research: To increase generalizability, an extended study including more rating agencies and all ESG dimensions is proposed. Further examination of the institutional environments effect, based on other aspects than economic development, and research to improve the rating agencies’ methods for data collection are needed.

This study examines the comparative impact of multilateral trade agreements on intra-regional trade in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) regions in Africa. Annual data was gathered from 2000 to 2018 and dynamic panel data and econometric techniques were used to control for individual country characteristics, endogeneity, serial correlation, heteroscedasticity and interdependencies between the countries in each region. Two estimations were done, one using the tariff measures of multilateral agreements, the second using non-tariff measures of multilateral agreement. The results of the empirical analysis show that the SADC region has a slight edge over ECOWAS in terms of technological progress and investment, especially in trade infrastructure. However, the ECOWAS levels of employment and economic growth are higher than those in the SADC region. These differences further translate into differences that drive intra-African trade in these regions, and how they relate to the role of multilateral agreements in intra-African trade in each of these regions. While technology and investment are key drivers and enhancers of intra-African trade in SADC countries, economic growth and employment stand out as key enhancers of intra-African trade in ECOWAS, especially where multilateral agreement is represented by tariff measures. This study reports that when non-tariff measures are used to represent multilateral agreements, export trade costs, in addition to investment and technology, are the key drivers of intra-African trade in SADC countries. For ECOWAS, under non-tariff measures of multilateral agreements, only economic growth drives intra-African trade. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Business Management)

The purpose of this study is to investigate sensemaking among employees within large service companies regarding sustainable development. To fulfill the purpose and address the research questions, the study has been conducted through six semi-structured interviews with employees from three major service companies. The collected data has been coded and thematically analyzed using a thematic analysis method, guided by the theoretical framework consisting of new institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983; Meyer & Rowan, 1977) and Karl Weick's (1995) sensemaking. The findings of the study indicate that the sensemaking process is a significant element in the interviewees' daily work towards achieving sustainability goals. Through an ongoing process of interpretation, employees create meaning for why and how they should work towards sustainable development. Furthermore, the results reveal that the primary motive behind organizing for sustainable development is a pursuit of a leading position within the organizational field and credibility within the institutional environment. The organizations and employees align with societal developments and attempt to adapt to prevailing institutional requirements and norms, which strongly influence their sensemaking. Societal developments and the institutional environment also have a strong impact on which dimension of sustainability is most prominent and dominant. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that employees' sensemaking plays a central role in the organizations' organizing for sustainable development. The sensemaking process is not an independent factor that solely contributes to organizing, but it is greatly influenced by the institutional environment surrounding the organizational field.

Les banques sont des institutions à part, car elles sont au coeur du fonctionnement des économies et de la dynamique de croissance des pays. Leurs services représentent de ce fait un bien public, et il est donc primordial de les maintenir éloignées autant que possible du risque de faillite. Toutefois, des crises bancaires surviennent régulièrement et affectent les sociétés, souvent de manière durable et profonde, à l’image de la crise financière des subprimes qui a éclaté en 2007, et dont nous ne connaissons pas encore toutes les conséquences désastreuses. Pour prévenir le risque de faillite et de crises bancaires, les autorités de régulation nationales ont développé des filets de sécurité qui, en partie, suivent les standards internationaux de réglementation et de supervision bancaire développés par le Comité de Bâle sur le contrôle bancaire, sous l’égide de la Banque des Règlements Internationaux. Cependant, les crises récurrentes se produisent et nous montrent les limites de la régulation bancaire et, surtout, nous indiquent que celle-ci doit être en permanence revue et adaptée, de façon dynamique, à l’évolution des systèmes bancaires et de l’innovation financière. L’un des principaux objectifs est de s’assurer que les banques soient suffisamment et solidement capitalisées pour faire face à des pertes exceptionnelles inattendues. Par ailleurs, il est primordial, afin d’assurer une stabilité financière durable, que les superviseurs bancaires soient à même de contrôler efficacement les banques et d’entreprendre les actions nécessaires pour que ces dernières demeurent à des niveaux de risques engagés raisonnables et qui ne menacent ni leur solvabilité, ni celle de l’ensemble du système bancaire. Enfin, les banques sont censées être régulées par le marché (discipline de marché), sur la base des informations qu’elles sont tenues de divulguer publiquement, sur leur santé financière. Dans ces politiques de régulation bancaire et de prévention du risque de crise, il ne faut pas oublier le rôle de l’assureur dépôt, à qui certains économistes et instances internationales veulent prêter de plus en plus de pouvoir sur les banques. Nous montrons dans notre travail de thèse, à travers des analyses empiriques menées sur des données contemporaines, les insuffisances des politiques de régulation et de supervision bancaire, les erreurs commises dans l’approche de la régulation bancaire, et nous présentons les aspects qu’il serait souhaitable de prendre en compte, pour approcher une politique de réglementation et de supervision bancaire plus efficace, et dynamique, dans l’objectif de maintien de la stabilité bancaire. Nous avançons notamment qu’il est nécessaire de mieux prendre en compte la nature de l’activité des différents types d’institutions financières qui composent les systèmes bancaires, et dont la nature et le degré d’exposition aux risques ne sont pas les mêmes. Il est également important de considérer les caractéristiques de l’environnement institutionnel dans lequel évoluent les banques, de manière à développer une structure de supervision adaptée et efficace. En définitive, nous étudions dans cette thèse un large ensemble de déterminants économiques et institutionnels, susceptibles d’impacter la stabilité bancaire, de manière à identifier celles des politiques de régulation qu’il s’agirait de mettre en oeuvre, afin d’assurer dans l’avenir un meilleur maintien de la stabilité financière des banques. / Banks are special institutions because they are central to the functioning of economies and to economic growth. Their services represent a public good. Therefore, it is essential to keep them as far as possible from risk of bankruptcy. However, banking crises occur regularly and affect societies, often dramatically and over a long period, like the current subprime financial crisis which burst into 2007, and which consequences are still not very well perceived. To prevent the risk of bankruptcy and banking crisis, the national authorities of regulation have developed safety nets. These follow partially the international standards of regulation and banking supervision developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision under the aegis of the Bank for International Settlements. However, recurrent crises occur and show us the limits of the banking regulation and, especially, indicate that the latter should be continually revised and adapted to the evolution of banking systems and financial innovations. One of the main goals is to make sure that banks are enough capitalized to face unexpected large losses. In order to achieve long-lasting financial stability, it is essential that banking supervisors can monitor efficiently banks. By doing so, the risk taken by banks would be sustainable and would not threaten either their own solvency or the whole banking system solvency. Finally, banks are supposed to be regulated by the market (market discipline) on the basis of information about their financial health which should be disclosed publicly. Along the policies of banking regulation and crisis risk prevention, one should not forget the role of the deposit insurers. Indeed, some economists and international authorities want to attribute more power over banks to deposit insurers. In our research, the empirical analysis, based on contemporary data, show the weakness of the actual regulation and banking supervision policies and the mistakes in banking regulation. Different features of the banking system that should be taken into account for an efficient implementation of regulation and banking supervision policies are also discussed in this work. Hence, we suggest that the type of financial institutions' activities should be better taken into account as it changes with the degree of risk exposure. We also find that it is important to consider the characteristics of the institutional environment in which banks evolve in order to develop a suitable and efficient supervision agency. To summarize, we study in this thesis a large range of economic and institutional determinants of the banking system, which are likely to affect the banking stability. By doing so, we are able to identify the regulation policies which would be the most likely to preserve the financial stability of banks.