<p>The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of possibilities and obstacles for disabled people to meet a partner. The ambition was to know more about wishes for and needs of professional or other support. The methods have been literature studies, survey research, and interviews. A simple questionnaire was sent to administrative staff and social welfare officers who gave the information that they experienced those persons with intellectual disability or Aspergers syndrome had asked for support to meet a partner. To get a perspective from inside six semi structured interviews were made with disabled people having experience of relationships, love affairs. Two men and two women with intellectual disability and two women with Aspergers syndrome take part in the interview study. Results of this study correspond with previous research. All the participants experienced possibilities and obstacles to meet a partner. The opportunities were rather universal. The difficulties they met were on one hand the feeling of belonging to a marginalized group in society and on the other hand problems with social interaction and interplay. The conclusion was that there is a desire as well as requirement for professional support. The support should be given by someone the person has confidence in. It could be a guardian, a social welfare officer or any other staff. People with disability have wishes about love and to meet a partner and it is very important to identify needs and wishes of their own.</p>

<p>Korruptionen i Kina beror på flera olika faktorer där de huvudsakliga är ekonomiska, kulturella och kontrollmässiga. Det finns klara korrelationer mellan att Kina är ett relativt fattigt land och det faktum att där finns en utbredd korruption, något som däremot inte är exklusivt för Kina. Något som dock är mer unikt för Kina, och som vi också funnit påverkar korruptionen, är det kulturella fenomenet guanxi som verkar i gränslandet mellan det lagliga och det vi anser korrupt. Den utbredda korruptionen i landet urholkar också det juridiska IP-skyddet och leder till att skyddet måste övervägs på fler plan än bara det rent juridiska. För att förebygga och motverka pågående intrång av IP är goda kontakter med statliga myndigheter både på central och på lokal nivå mycket viktiga. Främst de lokala myndigheterna kan i dessa frågor ha dubbla intressen eftersom de illegala intrången ofta skapar många arbetstillfällen, samtidigt som de då kan skrämma bort de legala arbetsgivarna. Det företag måste vara försiktiga med när det gäller samarbete med myndigheter är var gränsen för korruption går. Företag bör, för att visa att allvar menas med sina ambitioner att skydda sin IP, registrera allt som är möjligt att registrera trots att det legala skyddet ofta är bristfälligt. Att bygga in skydd i produkter är något vi funnit kan vara ett alternativ för att försvåra kopiering men också för att vid intrång enklare kunna bevisa att det verkligen rör sig om kopierade produkter, något som inte alltid är självklart. Olika etableringsformer har för och nackdelar när det gäller skyddet av IP och generellt gäller att ju större kontroll ett företag har över verksamheten desto säkrare är den. Vi har även funnit ett motsatsförhållande mellan skydd av IP och klassisk internationaliseringsteori där låg risk enligt internationaliseringsteorin kan innebära hög risk för intrång i IP. Medvetenheten hos kinesiska befolkningen gällande IP är ofta bristfällig. Att sprida information är därför av högsta vikt och något alla intressenter bör engagera sig i för att på sikt kunna påverka de djupt liggande orsakerna som kultur och värderingar vilka urholkar IP-skyddet.</p>

In March 1991 the World Intellectual Property Organization held an international symposium attended primarily by lawyers, to discuss the questions that artificial intelligence poses for intellectual property law (i.e., copyright and patents). This is an edited version of a talk presented there, which argues that AI poses few problems in the near term and that almost all the truly challenging issues arise instead from software in general. The talk was an attempt to bridge the gap between the legal community and the software community, to explain why existing concepts and categories in intellectual property law present such difficult problems for software, and why software as a technology breaks several important assumptions underlying intellectual property law.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Study based on data derived from a sampling of 189 large U.S. law firms. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-101). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

This project examines the important implications of printed vernacular appeals to a nascent public by exiled reformers such as William Tyndale, by religious conservatives such as Thomas More, and by Henry VIII and his regime in the volatile years of the 1520s and 1530s. This dissertation explores the nature of this public, both materially and as a discursive concept, and the various ways in which Tyndale provoked and justified public discussion of the central religious issues of the period through the production of vernacular Bibles and his polemical works. Tyndale’s writings raised important issues of authority and legitimacy and challenged many of the traditional notions of hierarchy at the heart of early modern English society. This study analyzes how this challenge manifested itself in Tyndale’s ecclesiology and in his political reflections and in the complex relationship between these two elements of his thought.

The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of possibilities and obstacles for disabled people to meet a partner. The ambition was to know more about wishes for and needs of professional or other support. The methods have been literature studies, survey research, and interviews. A simple questionnaire was sent to administrative staff and social welfare officers who gave the information that they experienced those persons with intellectual disability or Aspergers syndrome had asked for support to meet a partner. To get a perspective from inside six semi structured interviews were made with disabled people having experience of relationships, love affairs. Two men and two women with intellectual disability and two women with Aspergers syndrome take part in the interview study. Results of this study correspond with previous research. All the participants experienced possibilities and obstacles to meet a partner. The opportunities were rather universal. The difficulties they met were on one hand the feeling of belonging to a marginalized group in society and on the other hand problems with social interaction and interplay. The conclusion was that there is a desire as well as requirement for professional support. The support should be given by someone the person has confidence in. It could be a guardian, a social welfare officer or any other staff. People with disability have wishes about love and to meet a partner and it is very important to identify needs and wishes of their own.

Korruptionen i Kina beror på flera olika faktorer där de huvudsakliga är ekonomiska, kulturella och kontrollmässiga. Det finns klara korrelationer mellan att Kina är ett relativt fattigt land och det faktum att där finns en utbredd korruption, något som däremot inte är exklusivt för Kina. Något som dock är mer unikt för Kina, och som vi också funnit påverkar korruptionen, är det kulturella fenomenet guanxi som verkar i gränslandet mellan det lagliga och det vi anser korrupt. Den utbredda korruptionen i landet urholkar också det juridiska IP-skyddet och leder till att skyddet måste övervägs på fler plan än bara det rent juridiska. För att förebygga och motverka pågående intrång av IP är goda kontakter med statliga myndigheter både på central och på lokal nivå mycket viktiga. Främst de lokala myndigheterna kan i dessa frågor ha dubbla intressen eftersom de illegala intrången ofta skapar många arbetstillfällen, samtidigt som de då kan skrämma bort de legala arbetsgivarna. Det företag måste vara försiktiga med när det gäller samarbete med myndigheter är var gränsen för korruption går. Företag bör, för att visa att allvar menas med sina ambitioner att skydda sin IP, registrera allt som är möjligt att registrera trots att det legala skyddet ofta är bristfälligt. Att bygga in skydd i produkter är något vi funnit kan vara ett alternativ för att försvåra kopiering men också för att vid intrång enklare kunna bevisa att det verkligen rör sig om kopierade produkter, något som inte alltid är självklart. Olika etableringsformer har för och nackdelar när det gäller skyddet av IP och generellt gäller att ju större kontroll ett företag har över verksamheten desto säkrare är den. Vi har även funnit ett motsatsförhållande mellan skydd av IP och klassisk internationaliseringsteori där låg risk enligt internationaliseringsteorin kan innebära hög risk för intrång i IP. Medvetenheten hos kinesiska befolkningen gällande IP är ofta bristfällig. Att sprida information är därför av högsta vikt och något alla intressenter bör engagera sig i för att på sikt kunna påverka de djupt liggande orsakerna som kultur och värderingar vilka urholkar IP-skyddet.

Thomas Pogge proposes the Health Impact Fund (HIF) as a realistic, feasible reform to the pharmaceutical patent regime that would incentivize pharmaceutical research and reward innovation for medicines based on their impact on the global burden of disease. Pogge advances a human rights-based argument to show that the HIF is a morally required addition to the current pharmaceutical patent regime. One objection to his human rights argument comes from a libertarian appeal to property rights. Pogge’s response to the libertarian leads to the counterintuitive conclusion that libertarianism is incompatible with any system of intellectual property rights. This paper will show how Pogge fails to distinguish between what I call status quo and revisionist libertarian positions on intellectual property. Making this distinction, I maintain, would strengthen the human rights argument and allow Pogge to avoid the counterintuitive conclusion of his response to the libertarian.

Overlaps of intellectual property rights are a phenomenon that is not yet fully understood and analyzed; yet it is an increasingly important issue due to development of new hybrid technologies that defy the established structure of the system. Despite the potential adverse effects this phenomenon can have on the integrity of the system, the problem of overlaps has been neglected in judicial and scholarly analyses. This research presents the thesis that all uses of intellectual property rights should be viewed in light of their purposes. In other words, the phenomenon of overlapping intellectual property rights is not a problem per se; instead, it is the use of the rights for incompatible purposes that may be considered objectionable. The analyses use the concept of balance of rights as the measuring rod for assessment of the consequences resulting from use of the overlapping rights. Thus, the dissertation investigates how use of intellectual property rights associated with one segment of the system can affect carefully crafted balance of rights of various stakeholders in an overlapping segment and whether effectiveness of this segment to advance its purposes will be impeded by such use. The analyses are also done with the aim to formulate a uniform answer to identified and potentially objectionable uses of overlapping rights in an attempt to provide the judiciary and law practitioners with analytical framework for resolving disputes involving overlaps in the intellectual property system. An adequate response to the challenge posed by improper use of overlapping intellectual property rights can be found in a properly construed doctrine of misuse of intellectual property rights. Because overlaps in the intellectual property system are a phenomenon that probably cannot be legislated in practical terms, this dissertation advocates adoption of a judicially created doctrine of misuse based on purposive analysis of intellectual property rights.

Intellectual property rights (IPR) have become a major problem in the relationship between the industrialized West and the developing South, primarily because the West demands that developing countries adopt and enforce Western IPR. Since the relationship between US corporations and Chinese businesses is among the most successful and at the center of the current process of globalization, IPR have been a major cause of conflict and controversy between them and serve as an exemplar for this thesis. I argue, first, that the reason that a large number of Chinese businesses, especially privately-owned small and medium-sized enterprises, infringe foreign IPR lies in the nature of the difference between what have been mostly low-tech traditional Chinese businesses and high-tech industrial economies, to which intellectual property laws belong. Second, I demonstrate that the steady improvement of intellectual property protection in the more successful areas of development in the Chinese economy suggests that the solution for improved IPR protection in China and perhaps other emerging nations will follow, not precede, the development and transformation of a low-tech pre-industrial economy into an industrial high-tech economy.