En puisant dans différentes traditions de l’histoire intellectuelle et en faisant appel au savoir cumulé par la sociologie des intellectuels, la thèse propose un examen critique de l’univers des sciences sociales en Serbie et en Croatie, de leur production et de leurs reconfigurations, durant la dissolution yougoslave, en se concentrant sur la période qui va de la disparition de la Ligue des Communistes de Yougoslavie en 1990, à la fin de la guerre en Bosnie en 1995. La recherche reconstruit et analyse dans un premier temps quelques-uns des principaux débats et réflexions développés dans le monde scientifique et intellectuel yougoslave et (post)yougoslave depuis la période socialiste, sur la base de publications périodiques, de livres et de travaux inédits. L’étude se concentre notamment sur la période de la dissolution du pays et elle examine en détail les réflexions des sciences sociales autour des grandes problématiques des années 1990, telles que la guerre, la montée du nationalisme, la transition politique et économique et enfin, les nouvelles manières de penser la modernisation à l’époque de la globalisation. Dans un second temps, à partir d’entretiens en profondeur menés avec des chercheurs et à partir de documents institutionnels, matériaux statistiques et documents de presse, la recherche décrit et analyse le monde des sciences sociales dans la République Fédérale Socialiste de Yougoslavie, ainsi que ses reconfigurations pendant la crise et la dissolution du pays. La thèse s’intéresse surtout aux transformations des conditions de production des chercheurs dans la première moitié des années 1990, une période caractérisée par l’effondrement du système socialiste, le début de la guerre dans la région, la rupture des liens de coopération panyougoslaves, la crise économique, la montée de l’autoritarisme et le recul général de l’espace (post)yougoslave dans le système mondial. / Drawing from different traditions of intellectual history, as well as from the sociology of intellectuals, the dissertation proposes a critical examination of the univers of social sciences in Serbia and Croatia, their production and reconfiguration, during the breakup of Yugoslavia. The work focuses on the period that goes from the dissolution of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1990 to the end of the war in Bosnia in 1995. On the one hand, the research reconstructs and analyses some of the main debates and reflections that took place in the Yugoslav and (post)Yugoslav scientific and intellectual world from the socialist period onwards, drawing from scientific journals, books and unpublished works. The study focuses especially on the period of the country's disintegration, examining in detail the reflections in social sciences around some of the main issues of the 1990s such as war, nationalism, political and economic transition and new approaches to modernization characteristic of the era of globalisation. On the oher hand, ressorting to in-depth interviews conducted with researchers, as well as institutional documents, statistical materials and sources from the press, the research describes and analyzes the world of social sciences in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its reconfigurations during the crisis and dissolution of the country. The thesis particularly addresses the transformations that took place in the conditions of production for local researchers during the early 1990s, a period that was characterized by the collapse of the socialist system, the beginning of war in the region, the breakup of panyugoslav scientific and intellectual links, economic crisis, the rise of authoritarianism and the general regression of the (post)Yugoslav space in the global system.

The main aim of this work is to compare the discourses and analyze the relations of the American and Czechoslovak intellectual Left between 1956 and 1968. It begins by Khrushchev's revelation of Stalinist crimes and by the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 which created an atmosphere of disillusionment on the Left. The global Left of this period to a substantial extent ceased to be ideologically inspired by the Soviet Union and began to rethink the foundations of its thought. So, the 1960s are the period of the flourishing leftist thought. Authors are inspired by Marxist humanism and the New Left emerges, especially in the West. There were issues which existed beyond the ideological struggle of two Cold War blocs, but the different character of the regimes in the East and the West resulted in different approaches to these issues. At the same time, the mobility of ideas and their authors or supporters increased even across the Iron Curtain. Therefore, we could see some interesting encounters and clashes of different, even though still leftist, discourses. This work tries to depict the intellectual environment of the period by dealing with issues like philosophy of Man in the context of technological changes, the tactics of the struggle against the system or bureaucracy, the relation of...