This study selects five public and private universities as subjects of study, using literature review, theoretical analysis, survey questionnaire of Delphi Technique, interviews in depth with experts, and the SWOT analysis to investigate the appropriateness and accuracy of measurement indicators which are used to evaluate the extent of internationalization for universities by the government in order to establish the measurement indicators of internationalization for Taiwan higher education. Based on the established measurement indicators we propose an integrated strategic plan of internationalization for Taiwan higher education. Based on the results of the study we obtained 6 dimensions such as teachers, students, research internationalization, course internationalization, international visibility and internationalization of administration and campus in addition to 74 criteria as the measurement indicators for the internationalization of Taiwan higher education. After analysis, we found that the measurement indicators of the accreditation institutions of Taiwan higher education are still not profound enough with respect to internationalization one. Current indicators lack of the care of international vision of students and international courses and therefore their accuracy and appropriateness are quite disputable. In internationalization strategy, our research results show that the investment of educational resources by the government is insufficient in comparison with the nearby countries. The subjects under study take majority in common internationalization strategies while showing their differences with respect to their own status, backgrounds, resources, academic specialty domains, and future development. In addition, the international visibility has a great impact on raising university competition ability and it seems that there is still much space of efforts to be put by all the subjects under the study. According to the research results, we suggest that government had better invest more resources at long term basis to assist universities to conduct long term academic interactions in teaching and research cooperation; take the good opportunity of more and more attention of the Chinese culture and the leading position of Taiwan in learning culture level to raise the quality of higher education and develop Taiwan into an academic platform and research center of Asia; while the universities can raise international visibility by participating in international organizations and establishing collaboration relations with foreign universities, develop academic fields that have local characteristics, establish differentiation strategies and create competition advantages. The measurement indicators of internationalization of higher education established by this study can provide as a direction or reference for universities and higher education accreditation institutions in promoting or evaluating their internationalization efforts.

<p>Executive summary</p><p>In a world where the Internet and good communications accelerates the globalization, having</p><p>connections across borders becomes a competitive advantage. The easy access to a</p><p>constant stream of information is making the opportunities countless, adding to the equation</p><p>that the Internet and supplementary techniques such as different types of software are</p><p>still very young, the opportunities will keep on emerge. At the moment there are still great</p><p>gaps in terms of technology between countries, which enables fast growing companies such</p><p>as Lintner to fill a niche and gain new market shares due to their technological lead and</p><p>managerial practices. But how should they enter the new markets and reach the new costumers?</p><p>This research has put the emphasis on creating a guiding discussion on how an international</p><p>expansion strategy could be formulated.</p><p>We have found that organizations can lower the risk and increase their profit potential by</p><p>combining several strategies, that they start by expanding with a low-risk strategy and then</p><p>increase the investments on the market to enable higher profitability. The benefits with this</p><p>approach is that a small computer software company can take advantage from the simplicity</p><p>and low needs for capital and then gradually increase the investment as they get market</p><p>knowledge and a solid customer base. They need to work around challenges such as cultural</p><p>differences by allowing the due diligence to take time and the targeted company to</p><p>become familiar with the intentions of the collaboration. It is important that the organization</p><p>prepares itself for the internationalization; this is done by the creation of slack resources.</p><p>The strategy they choose must be formulated and incorporated in the overall business</p><p>strategy.</p><p>To successfully describe the alternatives to expansion currently available to Lintner, an extensive</p><p>literature review has been conducted. But to fully understand the surrounding environment</p><p>and the challenges with international expansion, we have conducted several interviews</p><p>within Lintner, but also with three organizations that have previously found themselves</p><p>where Lintner is today. The findings from these interviews were interpreted and</p><p>placed in context to Lintner’s and to companies in their specific situation. This has been</p><p>done in order for us to create a meaningful contribution to Lintner’s future growth.</p>

<p>Background: In today’s business environment it is important to find new customers. An action that has been widely used is to enter foreign markets. Most firms are always seeking to maximize their profits, which can be achieved if an entry into a foreign market is performed. Due the European Union (EU), new economies open their borders for international trade and foreign investments. In 2004 Poland received membership. Even though Poland may be a country with potentials, there are aspects that the firm has to take into consideration in a potential market entry. Among these are market related and firm related factors.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the important factors related to the firm and the market in order to present feasible entry mode(s) which ire can use in a potential entry into the Polish market.</p><p>Method: The authors have conducted a case study of ire Möbel AB. A qualitative method approach has been used to fulfill the purpose of the thesis. Semi-structured telephone interviews have been used for the empirical findings. The authors want to attain convincing and in depth information in the field of interest, therefore three firm related interviews and three market related interviews have been conducted to obtain valid and reliable empirical results.</p><p>Conclusion: The case study has led to conclusions on how ire could enter the polish market. ire’s needs and resources have been compared to the Polish market factors and analyzed for pros and cons. The mode that is currently used on ire’s other markets, exporting, is working very well. Equity joint ventures have a three year tax relief but are still considered a quite expensive mode of entry. Other entry modes could be successful, but ire’s size and resources limits the modes available. The thesis has come to the conclusion that exporting and/or equity joint ventures are the modes of entry most appropriate for ire.</p>

Development in infrastructure limits the communication gap, speedy travel and low cost tariff barriers as well other drivers of globalization have made overseas markets easier to get small firms and gave more opportunities to SME´s internationalize. The market entry mode choice or selections have strong effect the success or failure of the company. For instance an insufficient or wrong entry mode selection can decrease opportunities and limit important choice for the firm and could lead to high financial loss as well as lose control on overseas market. The purpose of research study is to provide a deep and better understanding of the factors those effecting SME´s selection of market entry mode. Research question how can the influence of internal and external factors on the selection of market entry mode. A frame of reference led to the building of summary which in turn became the basis for data collection. Two qualitative case studies for Pakistani SME´s namely socks knitter Pakistan and RK International were undertaken. The main findings shows the clear link between the theories claim to be internal and external factors influencing market entry mode choice between SME´s. / C/O Kamran Anjum Norrekaer 14. 7 Tv 2610 Rodovre Denmark

«Πάντα ἀλλήλοις ἐπιπέπλεκται [...] καὶ σχεδόν τι οὐδὲν ἀλλότριον ἄλλο ἄλλωι· συγκατατέτακται γὰρ καὶ συγκοσμεῖ τὸν αὐτὸν κόσμον». Τα εις εαυτόν, VII, 9 Μάρκος Αυρήλιος, 121-180 π.Χ. Η ρήση αυτή φράση βρίσκει σήμερα εφαρμογή περισσότερο από ποτέ. Στη σύγχρονη ρευστή πραγματικότητα, το επιχειρηματικό περιβάλλον έχει μετατραπεί σε διεθνή αρένα, όπου οι συνεργάτες και οι ανταγωνιστές προέρχονται από μια πλειάδα χωρών. Η διασυνδεσιμότητα των οικονομιών, των αγορών και των κλάδων δεν επιτρέπει στις επιχειρήσεις να μένουν αποκομμένες από τον εξωτερικό κόσμο και τις ωθεί να δραστηριοποιηθούν σε αγορές εκτός των εθνικών τους συνόρων. Ταυτόχρονα, οι κυβερνητικές πολιτικές, η ραγδαία ανάπτυξη των μέσων επικοινωνίας, οι τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις, ο αυξανόμενος εγχώριος ανταγωνισμός, ο κορεσμός της τοπικής ζήτησης, η εξειδίκευση, η ανάγκη πρόσβασης σε πλουτοπαραγωγικούς και χρηματοοικονομικούς πόρους καθιστούν τη διεθνή επέκταση των επιχειρηματικών δραστηριοτήτων αναγκαία. Σήμερα, οι πολυεθνικές επιχειρήσεις αποτελούν βασική επιχειρηματική μορφή και πλαισιώνουν τον μικρόκοσμο των σχέσεων και της δομής της παγκόσμιας οικονομίας. Μάρτυρας της έντασης και του ρυθμού διεθνοποίησης είναι η παγκόσμια οικονομική κοινότητα, η οποία αποτελεί τον αποδέκτη των συνεπειών της διεθνούς δικτύωσης. Στα πλαίσια της οικονομικής κρίσης που πλήττει τον πλανήτη μας, η ανάγκη για υιοθέτηση μιας κατάλληλης εταιρικής στρατηγικής διεθνοποίησης κατέχει εξέχοντα ρόλο για την επιβίωση και ανάπτυξη των επιχειρήσεων. Διότι ο πυρήνας της επιτυχίας βρίσκεται στον καθορισμό σαφών προτεραιοτήτων και επιτεύξιμων στόχων για τη θεμελίωση ενός ισχυρού στρατηγικού προσανατολισμού, που συνάδει με το κατευθυντήριο όραμα της επιχείρησης. Παράλληλα, η θεμελίωση συγκριτικών πλεονεκτημάτων και η επέκταση της ανταγωνιστικής θέσης της επιχείρησης στην αγορά κρίνεται από την ικανότητά της να προβλέπει τις περιβαλλοντικές εξελίξεις και να αντιδρά σε αυτές. Όμως, η δυνατότητα επεξεργασίας και προσαρμογής της πληροφόρησης στα επιχειρησιακά δεδομένα επιβάλλει την ύπαρξη ενός αυστηρά δομημένου συστήματος που διατηρεί ένα ισχυρό δίκτυο διεθνών σχέσεων και έχει μια συγκεκριμένη αποστολή. Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται τις εταιρικές στρατηγικές διεθνοποίησης στην περίπτωση του Ομίλου ΤΙΤΑΝ. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να μελετήσει τις εταιρικές στρατηγικές διεθνούς επέκτασης του Ομίλου, ώστε αφ’ενός να θεμελιώσει ένα γνωστικό υπόβαθρο στη μελέτη οργανισμών υπό το πρίσμα της διεθνοποίησης και αφ’ετέρου να εξακριβώσει την ύπαρξη συσχέτισης μεταξύ των θεωρητικών προσσεγίσεων και των ρεαλιστικών πρακτικών. Ο Όμιλος επιλέχθηκε ως μελέτη περίπτωσης (case study) λόγω της διαχρονικής εστίασής του στην επέκταση γεωγραφικής διαφοροποίηση των δραστηριοτήτων του. Επιπρόσθετα, ο ΤΙΤΑΝΑΣ αποτελεί την παλαιότερη τσιμεντοβιομηχανία της Ελλάδας και μια ισχυρή δύναμη στον κλάδο των δομικών υλικών τόσο στην εγχώρια όσο και στην τοπική αγορά. Η εργασία είναι δομημένη σε δύο μέρη. Το πρώτο μέρος αναλύει το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο της διεθνοποίησης, εστιάζοντας αρχικά στις κυριότερες θεωρίες και εμβαθύνοντας έπειτα στις στρατηγικές επιλογές της διεθνούς επέκτασης. Στο δεύτερο μέρος εφαρμόζονται τα παραπάνω για τη μελέτη των στρατηγικών διεθνοποίησης του Ομίλου ΤΙΤΑΝ. Η εργασία κλείνει με την παράθεση των βασικών συμπερασμάτων από την υπαγωγή της θεωρίας στην εξελικτική πορεία της Εταιρίας. / -

There is an upsurge of trend in studying the internationalization strategy (IS) of firms from China in international business (IB) research area. However studies which have done on Chinese firms in IB area are mostly focused on large state owned enterprises (SOEs), and there are few studies which have focused on the IS of Chinese privately owned  enterprises  (POEs).  This  study  used  the  framework  of  environment – internationalization  strategy – performance as  the theoretical support,  and  adopted  a case study method on a Chinese POE –Wonder Auto Technology Inc.. By analyzing the firm's ISs, the study results showed that Chinese POEs use export, foreign direct investment  (FDI),  and  strategic  alliance  as  their  ISs,  environmental  factors  from institution,  industry,  and  firm  level  could  influence  a  firm's  choices  of internationalization  strategies,  and  these  strategies  are  positive  related  to  the  firm's performance.

This qualitative research study investigates teaching and learning in an international school, and asks: (1) What are the stories of principle, practice, and mindset that foster internationally-minded teaching and learning in an international school context?; and (2) How might those stories inform the practices of teachers in increasingly culturally diverse domestic schools? A trifold conceptual framework of principle, practice, and mindset (Guo & Jamal, 2007) was used to design the process for data collection: (1) document analysis to examine principles such as intercultural competency; (2) classroom observations to identify elements of internationally-minded teaching practices; and (3) interviews to address the mindset of educators and administrators. The data collected from 25 documents, 60 hours of classroom observations, and 8 interviews were subsequently analyzed using van Manen’s (1997) three steps for hermeneutic phenomenological reflection, and were guided by Fowler’s (2006) approach to understanding narrative. Four resulting themes have been established: (1) personalized learning; (2) creative professionalism; (3) (con)temporary community; and (4) international-mindedness. These themes indicate a complex interconnectedness between stories of principle, practice, and mindset in an international school context, and highlight the significant role that teachers as intercontextual inquirers play in enhancing internationally-minded approaches to teaching and learning. / Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2014-02-03 13:09:11.145

Background: Ever since the Born Global phenomenon has emerged in the early 1990s, it has been investigated from various perspectives as for example from the network-based view. However, research has exclusively been done within this field at early stages of Born Globals’ internationalization. Therefore, there is a lack of understanding of how Born Global firms continue their operations after their initial internationalization. Research Question: How does networking influence a Born Global firm in order to continue its international growth? Purpose: The purpose with this study is to increase the understanding of how networking influences an already internationally established Born Global firm in order to continue its international growth. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is divided into four different categories, namely Maintenance and Increase of Network, Personal and Inter-Organisational Network, The Strength of a Network Tie and Causation and Effectuation, which have been developed based on the literature review. At the end, the theoretical framework is summarized with a model indicating the categories’ influence on the continued international growth of Born Globals. Methodology: For this study a qualitative research method has been chosen where both secondary and primary data have been collected. A case study consisting of two Swedish companies has been conducted. Conclusions: This study shows that efficient and strategic networking is crucial for the continued international growth of Born Globals, which is supported by the establishment of routines and standardized criteria. It is of the highest importance to keep a close contact to customers and to preserve control over the network, which can be realized by having strong relationships to distributors or agents or by establishing own sales subsidiaries. Furthermore, it is noticeable that network relationships shift from a personal to a predominantly business-based character during the continued international growth of Born Globals. Managerial Implications: Managers should perceive networking as a crucial part of their firms’ continued international growth and implement networking in their overall internationalization strategy. Essential for a long-term success is to keep control over the increasing network and stay as close as possible to the increasing number of customers. Theoretical Implications: The findings of this study imply that the role of networking as well as the networks’ characteristics change over time during Born Globals’ continued international growth. Keywords: SMEs, Born Globals, Internationalization, Growth, Network

Employing a representative sample of small- and medium-sized enterprises, this study examines the performance of immigrant-owned business ventures (IBVs) and firms owned by non-immigrants. The study also presents a comprehensive profile of Canadian IBVs. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that many successful growth-oriented firms have been started and managed by immigrant entrepreneurs. Immigrant business owners are also thought to bring to business start-up unique managerial acumen and social capital derived from diverse experiences and international networks. To date, however, there remains a lack of substantive evidence regarding the performance of immigrant-owned ventures. The study also considers the performance of comparable groups of new firms owned by non-immigrant entrepreneurs, with a particular focus on the relationship between firm internationalization and enterprise performance. The results lend support to arguments that owner-level factors influence the process of internationalization among SMEs and that, compared to non-immigrant business owners, immigrant business owners retain entrepreneurial acumen that is conducive to the internationalization of young ventures. The implications of the findings for research and policy are considered.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2008.